AMET INSTITUTE OF

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY

International trade, Shipboard

Emergencies, and Maritime
Communication
DNS SEM -ii
 GENERAL OBJECTIVE
1.1 Course overview,
End of the semester , students will be able to
Understand and describe about following:

Shipping Knowledge
Introduction to Articles of Agreement (AOA)
 Articles of Agreement – MSA 1958
 Give the general terms of the Articles of
Agreement as provided in the Merchant
Shipping Act 1958 ? (Section 101)
Refer to Sample AOA

 This agreement between employer/employer's

agent and the seafarer is subject to the
condition that the seafarer will serve in
capacity/rank on wages as indicated with other
terms of employment and service conditions
as per the relevant collective bargaining
agreement sector-wise as applicable.
Articles of Agreement (AOA)
 The crew agreement must contain details of the following terms:
 The name of the ship or ships on which the crewman agrees to serve.
 The nature & duration of the voyage & the parts of the world to which the
voyage is not extended.
 The number & description of the crew of each department.
 The time, the seaman is to report on board.
 The capacity in which the seaman is to serve.
 The seaman’s wages.
 A scale of provisions to be furnished to each seaman, such scale being not less
than as laid down by the central government.
 Details of warm clothing & provisions to be supplied in specified cold regions.
 Regulations regarding conduct on board & details of fines & punishments as
laid down by the central government.
 Payment of compensation for injury or death.
 In case the services are to be terminated outside India then the agreement is
to provide free repatriation back to India.
 Any other stipulation that may be required.
 In case there is any dispute between the owner or agent & the master of the
ship & a seaman such a dispute shall be referred to the nearest Indian
consular officer & his decision shall be binding till the ship returns to the port
in India at which the seaman is to be finally discharged.
 Service Contracts
 What is the relevance of the seafarer’s employment
contract?
 Since the Maritime Labor Convention (MLC) went into
force, mandatory minimum criteria for seafarer
employment agreements and wage payment have been
adopted internationally. The seamen must sign a contract
of employment with both the seamen and the owner of
the employer/ship.
 Every seafarer working on a sea-going ship is obligated by
the Maritime Labor Convention (Minimum Seafarer
Requirements, etc.) Regulations 2014 (S.I. 2014/1613)
must have a written SEA with the seafarer/employer
detailing the shipyard’s work. A training agreement should
be entered into with a training provider for trainees with
the sole purpose of working in a navy and receiving
training as seamen for the purposes of the Trainers
Maritime Shipping Convention (Minimum Requirements
for Seafarers, etc.). This training agreement can be
considered significantly equal to a SEA.
 Service Contracts
 What are the essential clauses in a seafarers employment contract?
 All seagoing ships must have a former employer/shipowner employment
agreement. The employment agreements for seafarers should, in all instances,
include the following specifics in accordance with standard A2.1 of the MLC:
 The complete name of the mariner, date of birth, age and place of birth;
 Name and address of the shipowner;
 The position in which the seafarer will be employed;
 The number of the seafarer’s earnings or, if appropriate, the method used to
compute them,
 The number of days of paid annual leave;
 In the event of temporary agreements, the termination of the agreement and its
terms: the date of the agreement’s expiry;
 The provision of health and social security benefits given to seafarers;
 The right of a seafarer to be repatriated;
 If relevant, a reference to the collective bargaining agreement;
 Any further information that national law may need, in German law: the date on
which the seafarer’s employment agreement is signed, the location and date on
which service is begun, as well as the agreed-upon hours of labour and rest;
 Before signing, the seafarer must be given the chance to review and seek advice
on the employment agreement. The shipowner must make certain that copies of
the employment agreement are kept on board for inspection reasons.
 Indentures for Cadets/Apprentice
 THE MERCHANT SHIPPING (Apprenticeship to Sea Service) RULES, 1960

Apprenticeship to be in accordance with rules-No apprentice to sea service shall be carried to
sea from any port in India except in accordance with these rules.

 Eligibility for apprenticeship- (1) a boy/Girl in order to be eligible for apprenticeship to sea
service shall fulfill the following requirements, namely: -
 (a) he must be a citizen of India.

(b) he must not be under the age of 15 years or above the age of 20 years or above the age of 20
years;

(c) he should have passed Matriculation/secondary school certificate or on equivalent examination or

the final examination or the final examination of the T.S. Duffer in or any other training ship or
establishment approved by the

Central Government or served as a Cabot or midshipman in the Navy;

(d) he should be physically fit for sea service;

(e) he should have passed the eye sight and colour vision tests

held by the Ministry of Transport and Communications.

(2) Notwithstanding anything contained in sub-rule (1), the upper age limit referred to in clause (b) of
that sub-rule may, in appropriate cases, be relaxed by the Director-General of Shipping. 7

Indentures for Cadets/Apprentice
4. Application for apprenticeship- (1) A person who is desirous of apprenticing a boy to sea
service shall apply to a Shipping master appointed under sub-section (1) of section 11 of the
Merchant shipping Act, 1958 through the master or owner of the ship who has agreed t accept the
candidate for apprenticeship.


5. Contract of apprenticeship- (1) Every contract f apprenticeship shall be in the form
in Schedule I or in Schedule II, as the case may be, and shall set forth the conditions agreed upon,
the go of the apprentice and the term for which he is bound.
.
6. Contract to be recorded-(1) Every contract of apprenticeship to sea service shall be
submitted in duplicate to the Shipping Master for beige recorded by him. The Shipping Master
shall retain one copy and return the other to the Master or owner of the ship after making an
endorsement thereon that the contract has been so recorder by him.

7. Fee- (1) The fee for recording a contract of apprenticeship under section 93 of the Act shall
be Rs.3

Premium (1) The master or owner of a ship to whom an apprentice Is bound may require such
apprentice to deposit a sum not exceeding Rs. 500 as premium.

9. Payment to apprentice-Every apprentice shall, during the period of apprenticeship, be

entitled to payment by the master or owner of the ship at such rates as may be agreed upon in
the contract of apprenticeship.

8
 Indentures for Cadets/Apprentice
10. Maximum number of apprentices- No ship shall at any time carry to sea apprentices in
excess for the number determined by the Director-General.
11. Assignment of apprentice to new master or owner-(1) The master or owner of a ship to
whom an apprentice is bound may with the written constant of the person by whom he was bound
and with the written consent of the apprentice if his age is not less than18 years, assign such
apprentice to the master or owner of any other ship who is willing to take him for the residue of his
apprenticeship, and subject to the conditions thereof;

12. Termination for contract- (1) A contract of apprenticeship may be terminated with the
consent of both the parties to the contract and with the consent of the apprentice if he is above the
age of 18 years.
13. Cancellation of contract- Where it is proved to the satisfaction for the shipping Master that
an apprentice is not taking interest in his work r has been found and guilty of any gross misconduct,
the Shipping Master may order that the contract of apprenticeship be cancelled; and in every such
case, the shipping Master shall also specify the amount of premium which shall be refunded to the
apprentice.
14. Register of contracts-(1) Every shipping Master shall maintain in the form in Schedule IV a
register of contracts of apprenticeship entered into at his port.

15. Saving -Every contract of apprenticeship in force at the commencement of these rules shall be
edema to have been made under these rules.
16. Penalty -Whoever commits any breach of these rules shall be punishable with fine which may
extend to Rs. 1,000 and when the breach is a continuing reach with further fine which may extend to
Rs, 50 forever day after the first during which the breach continues

9
Role of Shipping Master.
 The Shipping Master is the issuing
authority for the Seaman Service Book to
merchant navy sailors, and grants port
clearance to incoming and outgoing
merchant ships at the seaports.
 Role of Shipping Master.
 The Shipping Masters employed under the Merchant Shipping Act, 1958 are
responsible for ensuring that seamen are engaged and discharged in the manner
prescribed by law.
1. To supervise the engagement and discharge of seamen, Navigational Officers and
Marine Engineers on board the Merchant Navy vessels.
2. To issue Continuous Discharge Certificates to the personnel eligible as per M. S.
(CDC) Rules. Continuous Discharge Certificate (CDC) is a document issued to a
person to identity him as a seafarer, Besides carrying the Seamen's vital particulars,
the document also shows the record of service rendered by a seafarer in the past.
3. To conduct the death enquiries that happen on board the ships.
4. Registration of the indentures of Cadets engaged by the Shipping Companies.
5. Issuing of Inward/Outward Clearance to the ships calling at the port.
6. Custodian of personnel effects and wages of the deceased / hospitalized seamen.
7. The Shipping Master in the capacity of Welfare Officer also refers the seamen to the
nominated hospitals for treatment under the scheme for free medical treatment for
"Off articled seamen". The Shipping Master also visits to the ships for inspection to
ensure congenial living conditions on board for seamen.
8. The Shipping Master given assistance to the families of seamen at their request by
making reference to the various District Civil/Police authorities.
 IMO
1. Abbreviation Expansion: IMO stands for the International Maritime Organization.
2. Purpose: The International Maritime Organization is a specialized agency of the United
Nations responsible for regulating shipping and promoting maritime safety, security, and
environmental protection on a global scale. Its primary purpose is to ensure the safe,
secure, and efficient operation of international shipping while minimizing its
environmental impact.
3. Function:
❖ IMO develops and adopts international regulations and standards concerning various
aspects of maritime operations, including ship design, construction, equipment,
navigation, crew training, and pollution prevention. It provides a forum for member states
to collaborate, share knowledge, and coordinate efforts to address challenges facing the
maritime industry.
❖ One of IMO's key functions is to enhance maritime safety by establishing rules and
guidelines aimed at preventing accidents, collisions, and other incidents at sea. It sets
standards for ship construction, equipment, and operation to mitigate risks and ensure
the protection of lives and property.
❖ IMO plays a crucial role in addressing environmental concerns related to shipping, such as
pollution from oil spills, air emissions, and invasive species. It develops regulations and
initiatives to reduce the environmental impact of maritime activities, including the
prevention of marine pollution and the promotion of sustainable practices within the
shipping industry

12
Faculty: Capt. S P. Roy, Topic: Types of Ports and Harbours
 ILO
1. Abbreviation Expansion: ILO stands for the International Labour Organization.
2. Purpose: The International Labour Organization is a specialized agency of the United
Nations dedicated to promoting social justice and internationally recognized human
and labor rights. Its primary purpose is to advance opportunities for decent work
and employment for all, enhance social protection, and uphold labor standards
worldwide.
3. Function:
❖ ILO sets and promotes international labor standards through the adoption of
conventions and recommendations on a wide range of labor-related issues,
including freedom of association, collective bargaining, forced labor, child labor, and
non-discrimination in employment. These standards serve as a framework for
member states to develop national policies and legislation that ensure the rights and
welfare of workers.
❖ One of ILO's key functions is to promote social justice by advocating for fair and
equitable treatment of workers, regardless of gender, race, nationality, or other
characteristics. It works to eliminate discrimination in the workplace and address
inequalities in access to employment, education, and social protection.

❖ ILO provides technical assistance and advisory services to member states to

strengthen their capacity to implement and enforce labor standards, improve
working conditions, and promote decent work opportunities. It collaborates with
governments, employers' and workers' organizations, and other stakeholders to
support the development of inclusive and sustainable labor policies and practices
globally.
 WHO
1. Abbreviation Expansion: WHO stands for the World Health Organization.
2. Purpose: The World Health Organization is a specialized agency of the United
Nations responsible for international public health. Its primary purpose is to
promote health, monitor and assess health trends, provide technical assistance, and
coordinate responses to health emergencies on a global scale.
3. Function:
❖ WHO sets norms and standards for health services and systems, conducts research
to address global health challenges, and provides leadership and guidance on
matters related to health policy, disease prevention, and health promotion. It
collaborates with countries and partners to strengthen health systems, improve
access to essential health services, and address health inequalities.
❖ One of WHO's key functions is to serve as the leading authority on global health
issues, providing evidence-based guidance and strategic direction to governments,
organizations, and communities worldwide. It facilitates international cooperation
and coordination to address health threats, such as infectious diseases, non-
communicable diseases, and emergencies like pandemics and natural disasters.
❖ WHO is committed to promoting health equity and ensuring that all people,
regardless of their socioeconomic status, geographic location, or other factors, have
access to quality health care and essential health services. It works to reduce health
disparities and address the social, economic, and environmental determinants of
health to achieve the highest attainable standard of health for all people

14
 ISF
1. Abbreviation Expansion: ISF stands for the International Shipping
Federation.
2. Purpose: The International Shipping Federation (ISF) is a global trade
association representing national shipowners' associations and over 80% of
the world merchant fleet.
3. Function:
❖ ISF serves as a unified voice for the international shipping industry,
advocating for its interests on regulatory, operational, and labor-related
issues. It works to promote a regulatory environment that supports safe,
secure, and efficient shipping operations while ensuring compliance with
international standards and regulations.
❖ ISF acts as a platform for collaboration and dialogue among shipowners,
maritime organizations, and regulatory bodies to address challenges facing
the shipping industry. It provides a forum for exchanging information, sharing
best practices, and developing industry guidelines to enhance safety,
environmental protection, and sustainability in maritime operations.
❖ ISF plays a crucial role in shaping maritime policy and legislation at the
international level, influencing regulatory frameworks governing ship safety,
security, and environmental performance. It works closely with governments,
intergovernmental organizations, and other stakeholders to advocate for
policies that support the long-term viability and competitiveness of the
global shipping industry
 IACS
1. Abbreviation Expansion: IACS stands for the International Association of
Classification Societies.
2. Purpose: The International Association of Classification Societies (IACS) is a global
organization comprising twelve member societies that establish technical
standards and regulations for the design, construction, and maintenance of ships
and marine structures.
3. Function:
❖ IACS serves as a forum for collaboration and cooperation among classification
societies worldwide. It facilitates the development and harmonization of
classification rules, guidelines, and procedures to ensure the safety, reliability,
and environmental sustainability of ships and offshore structures.
❖ IACS sets high standards for the classification and certification of vessels,
verifying their compliance with international conventions and regulations
governing ship safety, seaworthiness, and pollution prevention. It conducts audits
and assessments of its member societies to uphold the integrity and credibility of
the classification process.
❖ IACS represents the collective interests of classification societies in discussions
with maritime stakeholders, including shipowners, regulators, and industry
organizations. It provides technical expertise and guidance to support the
development of effective and practical solutions to emerging challenges and
regulatory requirements in the maritime sector
 BIMCO
1. Abbreviation Expansion: BIMCO stands for the Baltic and International
Maritime Council.
2. Purpose: The Baltic and International Maritime Council (BIMCO) is the
largest international shipping association representing shipowners,
operators, brokers, and stakeholders across the global maritime industry.
3. Function:
❖ BIMCO serves as a leading voice for the shipping industry, advocating for
its interests on regulatory, commercial, and operational matters. It
provides a platform for collaboration, dialogue, and information
exchange among its members and stakeholders to address challenges
and opportunities in the maritime sector.
❖ BIMCO develops and publishes a wide range of standard contracts,
clauses, and agreements commonly used in international shipping
transactions. These documents facilitate commercial negotiations, clarify
contractual terms, and promote fair and efficient trade practices in the
shipping industry.
❖ BIMCO produces industry guidance, best practices, and advisory
documents on various aspects of maritime operations, including safety,
security, environmental protection, and regulatory compliance. It helps
its members stay informed about emerging trends, regulatory
developments, and operational challenges affecting the global shipping
market.
 ICS
1. Abbreviation Expansion: ICS stands for the International Chamber of
Shipping.
2. Purpose: The International Chamber of Shipping (ICS) is the principal
global trade association for shipowners and operators, representing
over 80% of the world merchant fleet.
3. Function:
❖ ICS serves as a unified voice for the shipping industry, advocating for its
interests on regulatory, policy, and operational issues at the
international level.
❖ ICS engages with governments, intergovernmental organizations, and
other stakeholders to shape maritime policy and legislation that
promotes the sustainable and efficient operation of the global shipping
industry.
❖ ICS provides guidance, expertise, and best practices to its members on
a wide range of topics, including safety, security, environmental
protection, and regulatory compliance. It offers resources and support
to help shipowners navigate complex regulatory frameworks and
operational challenges.
 OCIMF
1. Abbreviation Expansion: OCIMF stands for the Oil Companies
International Marine Forum.
2. Purpose: The Oil Companies International Marine Forum (OCIMF) is
a global organization representing oil companies, marine terminals,
and ship operators involved in the transportation and storage of oil,
gas, and petroleum products.
3. Function:
❖ OCIMF develops and promotes industry standards, best practices,
and guidelines to enhance the safety, security, and environmental
performance of marine operations in the oil and gas sector.
❖ OCIMF fosters collaboration and cooperation among its members
and stakeholders to address common challenges and improve
industry practices related to vessel operations, terminal
management, and marine risk management.
❖ OCIMF produces a wide range of publications, including technical
guides, operational manuals, and industry recommendations, to
provide practical guidance and support to the maritime industry in
managing operational risks and ensuring compliance with
international standards and regulations
 SIGTTO
1. Abbreviation Expansion: SIGTTO stands for the Society of International
Gas Tanker and Terminal Operators.
2. Purpose: The Society of International Gas Tanker and Terminal Operators
(SIGTTO) is a global organization dedicated to promoting safe and
environmentally responsible operations in the transportation and handling
of liquefied gas cargoes, including liquefied natural gas (LNG) and liquefied
petroleum gas (LPG).
3. Function:
❖ SIGTTO develops industry guidelines, best practices, and standards to
enhance the safety, security, and operational efficiency of gas tanker and
terminal operations worldwide.
❖ SIGTTO facilitates knowledge sharing and collaboration among its
members, which include gas tanker owners, operators, terminal operators,
and industry stakeholders. It provides a platform for the exchange of
technical expertise, operational experience, and lessons learned to
promote continuous improvement in gas shipping and terminal operations.
❖ SIGTTO advocates for the adoption of international regulations, standards,
and industry best practices that promote the safe and sustainable
transportation and handling of liquefied gas cargoes. It engages with
regulatory authorities, industry associations, and other stakeholders to
promote the implementation of effective safety measures and risk
management practices in the gas shipping and terminal sectors.
 Intertanko
1.Abbreviation Expansion: INTERTANKO stands for the International

Association of Independent Tanker Owners.
2.Purpose: INTERTANKO is a global association representing independent
tanker owners and operators, dedicated to promoting safe,
environmentally responsible, and efficient tanker shipping practices.
3.Function:
❖ INTERTANKO serves as a collective voice for its members, advocating
for their interests on regulatory, commercial, and operational matters
affecting the tanker industry.
❖ INTERTANKO engages with governments, regulatory bodies, and
industry stakeholders to shape maritime policy and legislation that
supports the sustainable and competitive operation of the tanker
fleet.
❖ INTERTANKO develops and disseminates best practices, guidelines,
and industry standards to its members to enhance safety,
environmental protection, and operational efficiency in tanker
shipping. It provides resources and support to help members navigate
complex regulatory frameworks and adopt industry-leading practices.
 Intercargo
1. Abbreviation Expansion: INTERCARGO stands for the International
Association of Dry Cargo Shipowners.
2. Purpose: INTERCARGO is a global association representing the
interests of owners, operators, and managers of dry cargo vessels,
advocating for a safe, efficient, and environmentally responsible
dry bulk shipping industry.
3. Function:
❖ INTERCARGO serves as a collective voice for its members, engaging
with governments, regulatory bodies, and industry stakeholders to
address key issues affecting the dry cargo shipping sector.
❖ INTERCARGO works to shape maritime policy and legislation to
promote the interests of its members, advocating for fair and
balanced regulations that support the competitiveness and
sustainability of the dry bulk shipping industry.
❖ INTERCARGO fosters collaboration and knowledge-sharing among
its members, providing a platform for the exchange of best
practices, operational insights, and industry expertise to improve
safety, efficiency, and environmental performance in dry cargo
shipping operations.
 IFSMA
1. Abbreviation Expansion: IFSMA stands for the International
Federation of Shipmasters' Associations.
2. Purpose: The International Federation of Shipmasters' Associations
(IFSMA) is a global organization representing the interests of
shipmasters, captains, and deck officers worldwide.
3. Function:
❖ IFSMA serves as a collective voice for shipmasters and deck officers,
advocating for their professional rights, welfare, and interests in the
maritime industry.
❖ IFSMA engages with international organizations, regulatory bodies,
and industry stakeholders to address issues affecting the
professional status, working conditions, and safety of shipmasters
and deck officers.
❖ IFSMA promotes continuous professional development and
education for shipmasters and deck officers, facilitating training
programs, seminars, and conferences to enhance their skills,
knowledge, and competencies in maritime operations and
leadership.
 Classification Societies
1. Purpose: Classification societies are organizations responsible for
establishing and applying technical standards and regulations for the
design, construction, and maintenance of ships and offshore
structures.
2. Function:
❖ These societies perform classification surveys and assessments to
verify that ships and offshore structures comply with established
standards regarding safety, structural integrity, and environmental
protection.
❖ Classification societies ensure that vessels adhere to international
conventions and regulations set by organizations such as the
International Maritime Organization (IMO) and flag states.
❖ They play a crucial role in assessing and mitigating risks associated
with maritime operations, helping to enhance safety and prevent
accidents at sea.
❖ Classification societies collaborate with shipowners, shipbuilders,
maritime authorities, and other stakeholders to develop and revise
classification rules, guidelines, and standards, ensuring they reflect
technological advancements and industry best practices.
 Balance from UNIT -1
State the Importance of the Following
 SOLAS
 LoadLine
 STCW2010
 List the Purpose of ISM
 Functions of Flag State Inspection(FSI)
 Functions of Port State Control(PSC)
 SOLAS
1. Abbreviation Expansion: SOLAS stands for the International Convention
for the Safety of Life at Sea.
2. Purpose: The primary purpose of SOLAS is to establish minimum safety
standards for the construction, equipment, and operation of ships, as
well as safety measures for personnel, to ensure the safety of life at sea.
3. Function:
4. SOLAS sets out specific requirements for various aspects of ship design,
construction, and operation, including fire protection, lifesaving
equipment, navigation safety, stability, and emergency response
procedures.
5. SOLAS is implemented through national maritime regulations and
enforced by flag states and port states. It applies to all ships engaged in
international voyages, ensuring consistent safety standards across the
global maritime industry.
6. SOLAS has been amended several times since its inception in 1914, with
the latest version being SOLAS 1974, as amended. These amendments
reflect advancements in technology, changes in shipping practices, and
lessons learned from maritime incidents, ensuring that SOLAS remains
relevant and effective in addressing contemporary safety challenges at
sea.
 SOLAS – Benefits
 It protects the lives of seafarers and passengers by
prescribing numbers of lifeboats, emergency equipment, fire
protection, radio communications, navigation, and security
measures
 It prevents marine pollution by regulating the handling and
disposal of cargo, oil, sewage, and garbage
 It promotes fair competition and quality shipping by applying
the same rules to all ships, regardless of their flag state, and
by simplifying and harmonizing the system of certification
and inspection
 It adapts to the changing needs and challenges of the
maritime industry by revising and updating the convention
periodically
 LoadLine
1. Definition: Load line convention is a set of rules and regulations that
dictate the maximum allowable loading conditions for a ship, ensuring
its safety and stability. It specifies the limits to which a vessel can be
loaded with cargo in different conditions to maintain its stability and
seaworthiness.
2. Components: Load line convention typically includes various
components such as the Summer Load Line, Winter Load Line, Tropical
Load Line, and Fresh Water Load Line. These lines represent the
maximum allowable draft (the depth of a ship's hull below the
waterline) for different seasons, regions, and conditions.
3. Calculation: Ship designers and naval architects calculate the load lines
based on factors like the ship's dimensions, displacement, buoyancy,
and stability characteristics. By adhering to these load lines, shipowners
ensure that their vessels are not overloaded, which could compromise
their stability and safety at sea.
4. Safety and Compliance: Compliance with load line convention is
mandatory for vessels engaged in international voyages. It is enforced
by maritime regulatory bodies like the International Maritime
Organization (IMO) to enhance maritime safety and prevent accidents
due to overloading. Ships must undergo inspections to verify
compliance with load line requirements before being allowed to
operate internationally.
STCW 2010 – Standards of Training
Certification and Watchkeeping
1. Purpose: STCW 2010 is an international maritime treaty aimed at
ensuring that seafarers possess the necessary training, qualifications,
and skills to perform their duties safely and effectively onboard ships.
2. Function:
❖ STCW 2010 sets minimum standards for training, certification, and
watchkeeping for seafarers, establishing requirements for their
education, training, and assessment of competence. It covers a wide
range of maritime professions, including deck officers, engineering
officers, and ratings.
❖ STCW 2010 is enforced by flag states through national maritime
administrations, which are responsible for implementing its
requirements and issuing certificates of competency to seafarers who
meet the prescribed standards.
❖ Compliance with STCW 2010 is mandatory for all seafarers working on
ships subject to the convention's provisions. Port state control
authorities inspect vessels and verify the qualifications of seafarers to
ensure compliance with STCW requirements, promoting safety and
security in the maritime industry.
 List the Purpose of ISM
1.Enhancing Safety: The primary purpose of ISM is to enhance the safety of
ships and the prevention of marine pollution by establishing a systematic
approach to managing safety and environmental protection onboard vessels.
2.Implementing Safety Management Systems: ISM requires shipping
 to develop, implement, and maintain a Safety Management
companies
System (SMS) that sets out policies, procedures, and practices for ensuring
the safety of their ships and personnel.
3.Promoting a Safety Culture: ISM encourages a safety culture within
shipping companies, emphasizing the importance of leadership,
commitment, and accountability at all levels of the organization in achieving
safety objectives.
4.Compliance with International Standards: ISM ensures that shipping
companies comply with international standards and regulations related to
safety and environmental protection, including the requirements of the
International Maritime Organization (IMO).
5.Continuous Improvement: ISM fosters a culture of continuous
improvement by requiring shipping companies to periodically review and
revise their Safety Management Systems to address changing risks, emerging
challenges, and lessons learned from incidents.
Functions of Flag State Inspection(FSI)
1. Ensuring Ship Safety: FSI makes sure that ships flying a particular
country's flag are safe for passengers, crew, and the environment.
2. Checking Compliance: It inspects ships to ensure they follow
international rules and regulations regarding safety, pollution
prevention, and crew training.
3. Issuing Certificates: After inspection, FSI gives certificates to ships
proving they meet safety and environmental standards.
4. Monitoring Ships: FSI keeps an eye on ships to make sure they
continue to meet safety and environmental requirements
throughout their operation.
5. Taking Action: If a ship doesn't meet standards, FSI can require
fixes, issue penalties, or even stop the ship from sailing until it's
safe.
6. Encouraging Safety: By inspecting and enforcing rules, FSI helps
create a culture of safety in the shipping industry, making the seas
safer for everyone.
 Functions of Port State Control(PSC)
1. Ensuring Ship Safety: PSC ensures that ships visiting ports meet
international safety and environmental standards to protect people,
property, and the environment.
2. Inspecting Ships: PSC authorities inspect visiting ships to check if they
comply with safety, security, and pollution prevention rules set by
international conventions.
3. Identifying Deficiencies: During inspections, PSC officers identify any
deficiencies or problems with the ship's equipment, systems, or crew that
may pose risks to safety or the environment.
4. Taking Corrective Action: If a ship doesn't meet standards, PSC can
require the ship's operator to fix the deficiencies before allowing the ship
to continue its voyage.
5. Detaining Unsafe Ships: In severe cases of non-compliance or serious
safety risks, PSC may detain a ship in port until the identified deficiencies
are rectified.
6. Preventing Pollution: PSC helps prevent marine pollution by ensuring
that ships properly manage their waste, handle hazardous materials, and
comply with pollution prevention regulations.
7. Promoting Safety: By enforcing rules and standards, PSC contributes to
promoting a culture of safety in the maritime industry, making ports and
waterways safer for navigation and trade.
Explain Operation, Care, and Maintenance

(Lifeboats, Life Rafts, Life Buoys, Fire

Extinguishers, Fire Hose & Nozzles,
International Shore Coupling, EEBD)."
 Lifeboat:
• Operation: Lifeboats are launched during emergencies
to evacuate passengers and crew from a ship. They are
equipped with oars, engines, and sometimes radio
communication equipment for navigation and rescue
coordination
• Care and Maintenance:
• Regular inspection for damage, corrosion, and proper
functioning of launching equipment.
• Lubrication of moving parts to prevent rust and ensure
smooth operation.
• Periodic testing of engines to ensure they start and run
properly.
• Checking buoyancy tanks and hull integrity for leaks or
damage.
• Inspection of davits, winches, and falls for wear, rust, and
proper operation.
 Life Rafts:
• Operation: Life rafts provide a buoyant platform for
survival in the event of a ship evacuation. They are
manually or automatically inflated and equipped with
survival supplies such as food, water, and signaling
devices.
• Care and Maintenance:
• Regular inspection for leaks, punctures, and proper
inflation.
• Checking and replacing expired or damaged supplies such
as food, water, and signaling devices.
• Servicing inflation mechanisms and repacking according to
manufacturer guidelines.
• Testing and servicing of survival equipment like lights and
distress signals.
• Ensuring proper stowage and accessibility on board.
 Life Buoy:
• Operation: Life buoys are throwable devices
used for emergency flotation and rescue
assistance.
• Care and Maintenance:
• Inspection for damage, deterioration, and proper
attachment of ropes and lights.
• Cleaning, repainting, and replacing damaged
components as necessary.
• Checking and replenishing the buoyant material
if degraded.
• Regular testing of lights and ensuring they are
operational.
• Ensuring proper storage and accessibility.
 Fire Extinguisher:
• Operation: Fire extinguishers are used to
suppress or extinguish fires onboard ships.
• Care and Maintenance:
• Monthly inspection for pressure, damage, and
accessibility.
• Annual servicing by qualified personnel,
including refilling or replacing expired units.
• Ensuring proper mounting, signage, and
accessibility in designated locations.
• Regular testing of operation to ensure
functionality.
• Keeping records of inspections, servicing, and
maintenance.
 Fire Hose & Nozzle:
• Operation: Fire hoses deliver water or foam
to extinguish fires, controlled by nozzles.
• Care and Maintenance:
• Inspection for damage, kinks, and proper
connection.
• Flushing hoses to remove debris and testing for
leaks.
• Checking couplings and nozzles for wear,
damage, and proper operation.
• Lubricating couplings and ensuring gaskets are in
good condition.
• Stowing hoses properly and ensuring they are
readily accessible.
 International Shore Coupling:
• Operation: The ISC connects shipboard
firefighting equipment to shore-based systems
for firefighting.
• Care and Maintenance:
• Inspection for damage, corrosion, and proper
sealing before and after each use.
• Cleaning, lubricating, and testing connections to
ensure proper functionality.
• Ensuring compatibility with shore-based systems
and adapters if necessary.
• Regular inspection of hoses and connections for
leaks or damage.
• Training crew on proper use and handling during
firefighting operations.
 Emergency Escape Breathing Device (EEBD):
• Operation: EEBDs provide short-term respiratory
protection during escape from areas with smoke, toxic
gases, or low oxygen levels.
• Care and Maintenance:
• Regular inspection for damage, expiration dates, and
proper storage conditions.
• Testing of functionality and battery checks according to
manufacturer guidelines.
• Training crew on proper donning and use during
emergency situations.
• Ensuring EEBDs are readily accessible and properly stored
in designated locations.
• Keeping records of inspections, testing, and replacement
as necessary.
Basic procedure for evacuating a wounded or unconscious individual
from above spaces onboard a ship:
❖ Assessment: Assess the situation to determine the severity of the individual's condition
and the safest evacuation method.
❖ Communication: Inform the ship's command and relevant personnel about the situation
and coordinate assistance if needed.
❖ Safety Precautions: Ensure the safety of the rescuer and others in the area before
attempting the evacuation.
❖ First Aid: If the individual is conscious and able to move with assistance, provide
immediate first aid as needed to stabilize their condition.
❖ Secure the Area: Clear the area around the individual to create a safe evacuation path and
remove any obstacles or hazards.
❖ Prepare for Evacuation: If necessary, immobilize the individual using appropriate
techniques and equipment to prevent further injury during evacuation.
❖ Choose the Evacuation Method: Depending on the individual's condition and the location
of the incident, choose the most suitable evacuation method. This may include:
❖ Lowering the individual using ropes or harnesses if they are in a raised platform or confined
space.
❖ Carrying the individual manually if the distance is short and the terrain allows.
❖ Using mechanical lifting devices or stretchers if available and appropriate.
Basic procedure for evacuating a wounded or unconscious
individual from above spaces onboard a ship:
❖ Evacuation Process:
❖ Carefully lift and move the individual using proper lifting techniques to avoid
exacerbating any injuries.
❖ Communicate with the individual throughout the evacuation process to provide
reassurance and instructions if they regain consciousness.
❖ Maintain the individual's airway and monitor their vital signs during evacuation.
❖ Transfer to Medical Facility: Once the individual is safely evacuated from the above space,
transfer them to a medical facility onboard or onshore for further assessment and
treatment.
❖ Documentation: Document the details of the evacuation, including the individual's
condition, actions taken, and any first aid administered, for reporting and follow-up
purposes.
❖ Debriefing: Conduct a debriefing session with the rescue team and involved personnel to
review the evacuation process, identify any lessons learned, and make recommendations
for improvement if necessary.
❖ Follow-Up: Follow up with the individual after evacuation to ensure they receive
appropriate medical care and support for their recovery.
THANK YOU