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Gramer

The document outlines the most frequently encountered grammar topics in the YDS exam, including tenses, passive voice, modals, conditionals, relative clauses, gerunds and infinitives, prepositions, conjunctions, reported speech, and cleft sentences. Each topic is accompanied by definitions and examples to illustrate their usage. This serves as a comprehensive guide for students preparing for the YDS exam.

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2 views

Gramer

The document outlines the most frequently encountered grammar topics in the YDS exam, including tenses, passive voice, modals, conditionals, relative clauses, gerunds and infinitives, prepositions, conjunctions, reported speech, and cleft sentences. Each topic is accompanied by definitions and examples to illustrate their usage. This serves as a comprehensive guide for students preparing for the YDS exam.

Uploaded by

Begüm Topal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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YDS’de En Çok Çıkan Gramer Konuları ve Açıklamaları

YDS’de dil bilgisi sorularında en sık karşılaşılan konular şunlardır:

1. Tense (Zamanlar)

 Present Simple – Genel doğrular ve alışkanlıklar (e.g., "Water boils at 100°C.")


 Present Continuous – Şu an olan olaylar, geçici durumlar (e.g., "I am studying for
YDS.")
 Past Simple – Belirli bir zamanda gerçekleşmiş geçmiş olaylar (e.g., "She visited
London last year.")
 Present Perfect – Geçmişte başlamış ve etkisi devam eden olaylar (e.g., "I have lived
in Istanbul for 5 years.")
 Past Perfect – Geçmişte bir olaydan daha önce gerçekleşmiş eylemler (e.g., "She had
left before I arrived.")
 Future Tenses – Will / be going to kullanımı (e.g., "I will call you tomorrow.")

2. Passive Voice (Edilgen Çatı)

 Simple Passive: "The book was written by Hemingway."


 Perfect Passive: "The project has been completed."
 Modals + Passive: "The exam must be taken next week."

3. Modals (Kipler)

 Ability: Can, could, be able to (e.g., "She can speak French.")


 Obligation: Must, have to (e.g., "You must wear a seatbelt.")
 Possibility: May, might, could (e.g., "It might rain tomorrow.")
 Necessity: Need to, must, have to (e.g., "You need to study hard.")
 Deduction: Must, can’t (e.g., "He must be at work now.")

4. Conditionals (Koşul Cümleleri)

 Type 0: Genel doğrular (e.g., "If you heat ice, it melts.")


 Type 1: Gerçekleşme ihtimali yüksek durumlar (e.g., "If you study, you will pass.")
 Type 2: Gerçekleşmesi zor, varsayımsal durumlar (e.g., "If I were rich, I would travel
the world.")
 Type 3: Geçmişte gerçekleşmemiş olaylar (e.g., "If I had studied, I would have
passed.")
 Mixed Conditionals: Farklı zamanlar arasında bağ kurma (e.g., "If I had studied, I
would be successful now.")
5. Relative Clauses (İlgi Cümlecikleri)

 Defining (Tanımlayıcı): "The book that I bought is interesting."


 Non-defining (Tanımlayıcı Olmayan): "Istanbul, which is a big city, is very
crowded."
 Who / Whom / Which / That / Where / When / Whose kullanımları

6. Gerunds & Infinitives (Fiilimsiler)

 Gerunds (-ing form): "I enjoy reading books."


 Infinitives (to + V1): "She decided to leave early."
 Some verbs with both: "I stopped smoking." / "I stopped to smoke."

7. Prepositions (Edatlar)

 Time Prepositions: in, on, at, by (e.g., "I was born in 1998.")
 Place Prepositions: in, on, at (e.g., "She is at the office.")
 Dependent Prepositions: good at, interested in, famous for (e.g., "He is interested in
psychology.")

8. Conjunctions (Bağlaçlar)

 Contrast: However, although, whereas (e.g., "Although it was raining, we went out.")
 Cause & Effect: Because, since, due to (e.g., "We stayed home because it was cold.")
 Addition: Moreover, in addition, as well as (e.g., "He speaks French. Moreover, he
speaks Spanish.")

9. Reported Speech (Dolaylı Anlatım)

 Direct to Indirect:
o "She said, 'I am happy.'" → "She said that she was happy."
o "He asked, 'Where do you live?'" → "He asked where I lived."

10. Cleft Sentences (Vurgu Cümleleri)

 It was / It is … that / who:


o "It was John who helped me."
o "It is English that I love the most."

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