MID SEMESTER EXAMINATION VI B.

TECH (PE) SESSION : 2023-2024

SUBJECT: PEC 306: DIRECTIONAL DRILLING
MAX.MARKS: 64 DATE: 02.03.2024 Time: 02.00 – 04.00 PM
Instructions;
Start new question from new page. Assume any missing data and mention in the answers.

Q. No. Question Marks

PART A: Attempt any one question
1. During drilling a Build & Hold profile well, Kick off point is set at 2000 feet vertical depth. The (20)
deflection tool having buildup of 30/100 ft. is used with Bull’s Eye at N400E from KOP.

i. After 200 feet curvature drilling at station ‘A’, it has been observed that the well has
been deflected from planned trajectory for 20 0 left due to reactive torque.
ii. At station “A’ as per corrective measures, deflection tool was reset at 200 with the 30/
100 ft. right side walking tendency. After next 200 ft curvature drilling and the well
reached at Station ’B’. On survey it was observed that the well has not achieved the
planned azimuth.
iii. After Station ‘B’, The driller decided to continue the drilling till it reaches the correct
azimuth and achieves 150 inclination at station ‘C’. Determine Dog leg angle and Tool
face setting between Station ‘B’ and ‘C’.

Work out the three dimensional trajectory and deflection coordinates at all stations d ‘C’
(Use Average angle method if required)

2. A Slanted well is planned to be drilled in direction of 4500 ft northing and 4800 ft easting, using (20)
300 inclined drilling rig to the target located at 8,000 ft true vertical depth. Workout the well
trajectory for 10/100 ft. build up rate and 3000 ft. true vertical depth of KOP.

Further a multilateral is planned from the mother well at drilled depth of 10,000 ft., determine
the three dimensional coordinates (VX, HX, NX, EX) at the point of of multilateral KOP.

Part B: Question 3 is compulsory and attempt any two questions out of the rest
3 From 2000 ft KOP Depth, a directional well is progressing in S225 0W direction for curvature 12
drilling targeting to be horizontal (ɸ = 10/100 ft.). Draw the surface coordinate figures and
determine final three dimensional location of the well after completion of the job.

4. a. What are different type of Horizontal Wells? With the help of figures describe the (8 + 8
geometrical trajectory of Double buildup Horizontal well. 16)

b. With the help of figures describe the Mud Pulse telemetry system.

5. a. What are different methods of Directional surveying? With the help of figure describe 8+8=
the Radius of curvature method of Directional analysis. 16

b. Draw a figure of magnetic surveying image showing W2150N azimuth and 100
inclination. What is the actual azimuth?
6. With the figures describe the basic difference and specific applications between any two sets (8 + 8
of the following – = 16)
a. Stator and Rotor configuration of a Dynadrill and a Turbodrill Motor.

b. Universal joint and Dump Valve

c. Offset Stabilizer and Bent sub

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 VI SEMESTER B.TECH PETROLEUM ENGINEERING 2023 – 2024
PEC16101: DIRECTIONAL DRILLING

FORMULA BANK

Basic Formula (Notations have usual Meanings and units)

1. Ht2 - ∆N2 - ∆E2 = 0

2. (Cot )2 = (Nt – Ns)2 / (Et – Es)2
3. N = H Cos ß
4. E = H Sin ß
5. R = (VC - VB) / Sin α1
6. R = HC / (1 - Cos α1)
7. Tan DL Sin TFS = Tan Δß [Sin α1 + Tan DL . Cos α1 . Cos TFS]
8. α2 = Cos -1 [Cos α1 . Cos DL – Sin α1 . Sin DL . Cos TFS]

9. Cos TFS . Sin α1. Sin DL = Cos α1. Cos DL – Cos α2

10. Cos DL = Cos (2 - 1) - Sin 1 . Sin 2 [ 1 - Cos (ß2 - ß1)]

11. RF=(2/DL) (in radians) X Tan (DL/2) (in degrees)

12. Cos α1 = VB / MDB

13. Tan α1 = HB / VB
14. P = 5.83431 X 10-4 X Q . Δp
15. P = 1.90404 X 10-4 X T . n
16. T = TS {1 – (n / nR)}

17. P = (π . n / 30) TS {1 – (n / nR)}

18. Cos (∆ß) = [1 – {(Cox ∆α – Cos DLA) / (Sin α1 . Sin α2) }]

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Q.1: During drilling a Build & Hold profile well, Kick off point is set at 2000 feet vertical
depth. The deflection tool having buildup of 30/100 ft. is used with Bull’s Eye at N400E from
KOP.

After 200 feet curvature drilling at station ‘A’, it has been observed that the well has been
deflected from planned trajectory for 200 left due to reactive torque.

At station “A’ as per corrective measures, deflection tool was reset at 20 0 with the 30/ 100
ft. right side walking tendency. After next 200 ft curvature drilling and the well reached at
Station ’B’. On survey it was observed that the well has not achieved the planned azimuth.

After Station ‘B’, The driller decided to continue the drilling till it reaches the correct
azimuth and achieves 150 inclination at station ‘C’.

Work out the three dimensional trajectory at stations ‘A’, ‘B’, and ‘C’

(Use Average angle method wherever is required)

Solution:
Kop = 2000 ft. ɸ = 30 /100 ft. R = 1909.86 ft.
The Bull’s Eye (TFS or β after KOP ) = N400E Planned azimuth

From Ragland Diagram:

Point A
ΒA = N200E
TFSA = 200 Right
DLA = 60 High to Right side
αA = 60

Point B:
ΒB = N300E
TFSB = 400 Right
DLB = 40 High to Right side
αB = 11.80

Point C:
ΒB = N400E
TFSB = -------
DLB = --------
αB = 150

Calculations
Drilling from KOP to Station ‘A’ Drilling from Station A to B
Using conventional Profile method: Using Average Angle Method
VA = 199.63 ft VA = 2199.63 ft. VB = 197.59 ft VB = 2397.22 ft.
HA= 10.46 ft HA = 10.46 ft. HB= 30.94 ft HB = 41.40 ft.
EA = 3.58 ft. EA = 3.58 ft EB = 13.08 ft. EB = 16.66 ft
NA = 9.83 ft. NA = 9.83 ft. NB = 28.04 ft. NB = 37.87 ft.
Drilling from Station B to C
Using Average Angle Method
VC = 127.75 ft VC = 2524.97 ft.
HC= 30.43 ft HC = 71.83 ft.
EC = 17.46 ft. EC = 34.12 ft
NC = 24.59 ft. NC = 62.46 ft.

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Alternate Method by Calculation
Solution:
Kop = 2000 ft. ɸ = 30 /100 ft. R = 1909.86 ft.

Drilling from KOP to Station ‘A’

Curvature length = 200 ft Drilled Depth 2200 ft. Inclination αA = 60
βA = N400E – 200 = N200E
Using conventional Profile method:
VA = 199.63 ft VA = 2199.63 ft.
HA= 10.46 ft HA = 10.46 ft.
EA = 3.58 ft. EA = 3.58 ft
NA = 9.83 ft. NA = 9.83 ft.

Drilling from Station ‘A’ to Station ‘B’:

Curvature length = 200 ft Drilled Depth 2400 ft. TFS = 200 right side, DL = 60
Using Equation 7
Δß = 10.030 ßB = N30.030E
Using equation 8 αB = 11.800
Using Average Angle Method
VB = 197.59 ft VB = 2397.22 ft.
HB= 30.94 ft HB = 41.40 ft.
EB = 13.08 ft. EB = 16.66 ft
NB = 28.04 ft. NB = 37.87 ft.

Drilling from Station ‘B’ to Station ‘C’

ΒB = N.30.030E βC = N400E β = + 9.970 αB = 11.800 αC =150
Using equation 10 DL = 3.940
Curvature length after Station ‘C’ = 3.94 x 100 / 3 = 131.33 ft

Using equation 9 TFS = 40.850

Using Average Angle Method
VC = 127.75 ft VC = 2524.97 ft.
HC= 30.43 ft HC = 71.83 ft.
EC = 17.46 ft. EC = 34.12 ft
NC = 24.59 ft. NC = 62.46 ft.
Planned Azimuth = N400E

Point Drilled VX HX X NX EX  DL TFS

(x) Depth (ft) (ft) (0) (ft) (ft) (0)
(ft)
0 2000 2000 0 0 0 0 0 60 200R
A 2200 2199.63 10.46 6 9.83 3.58 N200E 60 200R
2400 2397.22 41.40 11.80 37.87 16.66 N30.030E 3.940 40.85R
B
C 2517.71 2524.97 71.83 15 62.46 34.12 N400E --- ---

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Q.2: A Slanted profile well is planned to be drilled using 300 inclined drilling rig to the
target located at 8,000 ft true vertical depth. Workout the well trajectory for 10/100 ft. build
up rate and 3000 ft. true vertical depth of KOP. Surface location: N s = 0 ft, Es = 0 ft.
Target Coordinates: NT = 4500 ft., ET = 4800 ft
Further a multilateral is planned from the mother well at drilled depth of 10,000 ft.,
determine the three dimensional coordinates (VX, HX, NX, EX) at the point of multilateral
KOP.
Solution:
VT = 10,000 ft. ϕ = 40/100 ft. R = 5729.58 ft.
Ns = 0 ft, Es = 0 ft. NT = 4500 ft., ET = 4800 ft.
β = Tan-1 (4800 / 2500) HT = [45002 + 48002]-0.5
β = N46.850E HT = 6579.51 ft.
Vb = 3000 ft.
MDB = VB / Cos α1
MDB = 3000 / Cos 30 = 3464.10 ft
HB = 3000 X Tan 30 = 1732.05 ft.
AN = AO / Sin (90 - α1) = VT / Sin (90 - α1) = 8000 / Sin 600 = 9237.60 ft.
ON = 8000 X tan 300 = 4618.80 ft.
NT = Ht - Vt tan α1. = 6579.51 – 8000 tan 300 = 6579.51 – 4618.80= 1960.71 ft.
QT = NT Sin (90 - α1), = 1960,71 Sin 600 = 1698.02 ft.
NQ = QT/ tan (90 - α1) = 1698.02 / tan 600 = 980.36 ft.
AQ = AN + NQ = 9237.60 + 980.36 = 10217.96 ft
X = tan-1 (Ht’ – R) / (Vt’ – MDb) , HT’ = QT = 1698.02 ft., VT’ = AQ = 10217.96 ft.
X= tan-1 [(1698.02 – 5729.58) / (10217.96 – 3464.10)] = tan-1 ( - 4031.56 / 6753.86)
X = - 30.830
Y = Sin –1(R Cos X) / (Vt’ – MDb)
Y = Sin-1 [(5729.58 x Cos – 30.830) / (10217.96–3464.10)]
Y = Sin-1 [4919.94 / 6753.83] = 46.760
α2 = X + Y = - 30.83 + 46.76 =15.930, αT = 30 + 15.93 = 45.930
CM = R(1 – cosα2)/ cosα1 = 5729.58 ( 1- Cos 15.93) / Cos 30 = 254.07 ft.
AD = MDb + R sin α2, = 3464.10 + 5729.58 Sin 15.93 = 5036.66 ft.
DM = R(1-cos α2). Tan α1 = 5729.58 (1 – Cos 15.93) tan 300 = 127.03 ft.
AM = AD – DM = 5036.66 – 127.03 = 4909.63 ft.
Vc = AM cosα1 = 4909.63 cos 300 = 4251.86ft.
Hc = AM sinα1 + CM = 4909.63 sin 300 + 254.07 = 2708.89 ft.
MDC = 3464.10 + 100 (15.93/ 1) = 5057.10 ft.
CT = (VT – VC) / Cos αT = (8000 – 4251.86) / Cos 45.930 = 5388.89 ft
MDT = 5057.10 + 5388.89 = 10,445.95 ft
TRAJECTORY
Point V (ft.) H (ft.) MD (ft.)
A
B 3000 1732.05 3464.10
C 4251.86 2708.89 5057.10
T 8000 6579.51 10,445.95

Three Dimensional Coordinates at 10,000 ft Drilled Depth;

L = 10000 - MDC = 10000 – 5057.10 = 4942.90 ft.
V10000 = VC+L Cos αT = 4251.86+4942.90 Cos 45.93 = 9176.47 ft.
H10000 = HC+L Sin αT = 2708.89+4942.90 Sin 45.93 = 6260.32 ft.
N10000 = H10000 Cos β = 6260.32 Cos 46.85 = 4281.50 ft
E10000 = H10000 Sin β = 6260.32 Sin 46.85 = 4567.31 ft

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Q.3: From 2000 ft KOP Depth, a directional well is progressing in S225 0W direction for
curvature drilling targeting to be horizontal (ɸ = 1 0/100 ft.). Draw the surface coordinate
figures and determine final three dimensional location of the well after completion of the
job.

Solution:
S2250W direction for being horizontal (ɸ = 10/100 ft).
S2250S : β = N450E α = 900
R = 5729.58 ft.
V = 1000 + 5729.58 Sin90= 6729.58 ft.
H = 5729.58 (1 – Cos90) = 5729.58 ft.
MD = (90 X 100/1) + 1000 = 10000 ft.
E = 5729.58 Sin45 =4051.42
N = 5729.58 Cos45 = 4051.42 ft.