Class – X

Science Questions With Answers

Organic Chemistry
Q.1 A Compound C (molecular formula, C2H4O2) reacts with Na metal to from a
compound R, and evolves a gas which burns with a pop sound. Compound C on
treatment with an alcohol A in the presence of an acid forms a sweet smelling
compound S (molecular formula , C3H6O2). On addition of NaOH to C, it also give
R and water. S on treatment with NaOH solution gives back R and A. Identify
C,R,A,S and write down the reactions involved.
Q.2 Name the compound formed when ethanol is heated with excess of conc.
H2SO4 at 443 K . Also write the chemical equation of the reaction stating the role
of conc. H2SO4 in it. What would happen if hydrogen is added to the product in
presence of catalyst such Pd or Ni?
Q.3 An organic compound P is a constituent of wines, P on reaction with
acidified K2Cr2O7 forms another compound Q . ? When a piece of sodium is
added to Q a gas R evolves which burns with a pop sound when a burning match
stick is brought near it.
A . Give the chemical name of compound P
b. Mention another use of compound P apart from the use mentioned in the
question.
c. Illustrate with the help of chemical equation the conversion of P into Q.
d. What happens when P is heated with conc. H2SO4 at 443 K? Write its chemical
equation.
Q.4 An organic compound X is liquid at room temperature. It is also a very good
solvent and has the molecular formula C2H6O. Upon oxidation X gives Y. Y
releases a gas W with brisk effervescence on reacting with NaHCO3. X reacts
with Y in the presence of conc. H2SO4 to give another compound Z which has a
pleasant smell.
a. Give the chemical name and chemical formula of Y.
b. How will you teat for the gas W?
c. Depict the formation of Y and Z using chemical equations.
d. Name the reaction of formation of Z.
e. Give any one use of Z.
Q.5 A compound X is formed by the reaction of carboxylic acid C 2H4O2 and an
alcohol in the presence of a few drops of H 2SO4. The alcohol on oxidation with
alkaline KMnO4 followed by acidification gives the same carboxylic acid as used
in this reaction. Give the names and structures of
a. Carboxylic acid,
b. alcohol and
C. the compound X .also write the reaction.
Q.6 A salt X is formed and a Gas is evolved when ethanoic acid reacts with
sodium hydrogen carbonate. Name the salt X and the gas evolved. Write the
balanced chemical equation of the reaction involved.
Q.7 An organic compound A of molecular formula C2H4O2 is widely used as
preservative in pickles. This compound reacts with ethanol to form a sweet
smelling compound B.
a. Identify compound A and B.
b. Write the chemical equation for the reaction involved.
c. Write two uses of compound B.
d. What happens when compound A reacts with baking Soda? Write chemical
equation for the reaction.
e. What happens when compound A is treated with sodium hydroxide? Write
chemical equation for the reaction.
Q.8 Divyanshu while doing certain reactions observed that heating of substance
X with vinegar like smell with a substance Y ( which is used as an industrial
solvent) in presence of conc. Sulphuric acid on a water bath gives a sweet
smelling liquid Z having molecular formula C 4H8O2. When heated with caustic
soda (NaOH), Z gives back the sodium salt of and the compound Y.
Name and write chemical formula of X,Y,and Z . Illustrate the changes with the
help of suitable chemical equations.
Q.9 A saturated organic compound A belongs to the homologous series of
alcohols. On heating A with conc. Sulphuric acid at 443 K, it forms an
unsaturated compound B with molecular mass 28u.
The compound B on addition of one mole of hydrogen in the presence of
Nickel, changes to a saturated hydrocarbon C
a. Identify A,B ,C
b. Write the chemical equation showing the conversion of A into B.
c. What happens when compound C undergoes combustion?
d. State one industrial application of hydrogenation reaction.
e. Name the product formed when compound A reacts with sodium.
Q.10 (i) A and B are sodium salts of long chain carboxylic acid & long chain
sulphonic acid respectively.What names are given to A & B?
(ii) With the help of diagram , show the formation of micelles , when soap is
applied on oily dirt.
(iii) Which among A or B forms curdy white precipitate with hard water? Why?
(iv) Write the chemical equation of the preparation of soap from an ester. What
is the name of this process?
Q.11 What will happen if X is alcohol and Y is carboxylic acid containing two
carbons, react in the presence of an acid catalyst. Name the reaction. Write
chemical equation for the reaction. Name the product formed in the reaction.
And identify X and Y.
Q.12 A compound ‘X’ on heating with excess conc.sulphuric acid at 443 K gives
an unsaturated compound ‘Y’. ‘X’ also reacts with sodium metal to evolve a
colourless gas ‘Z’ .Identigy ‘X’,’Y’, and ‘Z’ . Explain the chemical equation
involved in the formation of ‘Y’ and also write the role of sulphuric acid in the
reaction.
Q.13 A and B are two organic compounds with the same molecular formula
C5H10. Write their names and structural formulae in case
a. A is a cyclic compound.
b. B is a straight chain compound.
c. Among A and B, which one will have only single bonds?
d. Which one out of A and B has both single and double bonds?
Q.14 (i) Write name & structure of an organic compound ‘X’ having 2 carbon
atoms in its molecule and its name is suffixed with ‘-ol’.
(ii) What happens when ‘X’ is heated with excess conc. Sulphuric acid at 443 K ?
Write chemical equation for the reaction.
Inorganic chemistry
Q.1 A shiny brown coloured element X on heating in the air becomes black in
colour. Name the element X and the black coloured compound formed.
Q.2 A metal M reacts vigorously with water to form a solution S and a gas G. The
solution S turns red litmus to blue whereas gas G, which is lighter than air, burns
with a pop sound . Metal M has a low melting point and is used as coolant in
nuclear reactors.
a. What is metal M?
b. What is solution S?
c. What is gas G?
Q.3 A white coloured powder X is used by doctors for supporting fractured
bones.
a. Write chemical name and formula of the powder, X.
b. When this white powder is mixed with water a hard solid mass is obtained.
Write balanced chemical equation for this change.
c. Write any two uses of X.
Q.4 A metal E is stored under kerosene, When a small piece of it is left open in
the air, it catches fire. When the product formed is dissolved in water, it turns
red litmus to blue.
a. Name the metal E
b. Write the chemical equation for the reaction when it is exposed to air and
when the product is dissolved in water.
c. Explain the process by which the metal is obtained from its molten chloride.
Q.5 A white powder is added while baking breads and cakes to make them soft
and fluffy. Write the name of the powder? Name its main ingredients. Explain
the function of each ingredient. Write the chemical reaction taking place when
the powder is heated during baking.
Q.6 Write electronic configuration of two elements ‘X’ (At. No. 12) and Y (At.
No. 17). Show the formation of ionic compound when X and Y combine with
each other. Write the name and formula of the compound formed . State what
would happen if electric current is passed through the aqueous solution of this
compound. Name the ion that will reach at (i) cathode, and (ii) anode.
Class – X
Answer of questions of Organic Chemistry

Ans.1:- Compound C - CH3COOH , Compound R - CH3COONa , A – CH3OH ,

compound S- CH3COOCH3
Reactions involved:
CH3COOH + Na CH3COONa + H2
con. acid
CH3COOH + CH3OH CH3COOCH3 + H2O
CH3COOH +NaOH CH3COONa + H2O
CH3COOCH3 + NaOH CH3COONa + CH3OH
Ans- 2- CH3CH2OH conc. H2SO4 C2H4 + H2O
Role of sulphuric acid – The concentrated sulphuric acid can be regarded as a
dehydrating agent which removes water from ethanol.

Pt
C2H4 + H2 C2H6
Ans:3- A. Ethanol (CH3CH2OH)
B. It is used as solvent and fuel.
c. CH3CH2OH acidified K2Cr2O7 CH3COOH
d. CH3CH2OH conc. H2SO4 443 K C2H4 + H2O
Dehydration of compound P takes place.
Ans-4- a. Compound Y is CH3COOH , chemical name – acetic acid (Ethanoic acid)
b. W (CO2) gas is test by lime water , on passing gas W to lime water turns
milky.
c. formation of Y
CH3CH2OH acidified K2Cr2O7 CH3COOH
Formation of Z
con. acid
CH3COOH + CH3CH2OH CH3COOCH2CH3 + H2O
d. Esterification
Ans-5 a. carboxylic acid - CH3COOH , ethanoic acid (acetic acid)
b. CH3CH2OH – ethanol (ethyl alcohol)
c. compound X- CH3COOCH2CH3
con. acid
CH3COOH + CH3CH2OH CH3COOCH2CH3 + H2O
Ans.6- CH3COOH + NaHCO3 CH3COONa + H2O + CO2
Name of salt is sodium acetate and carbon dioxide gas evolved during reaction.
Ans- 7 a. compound A is CH3COOH and compound B is CH3COOCH2CH3
b. CH3COOH + CH3CH2OH con. acid CH3COOCH2CH3 + H2O
c. Uses of compound B- 1. Used in perfumes , 2. Used as artificial flavors in
foods.
d. CH3COOH + NaHCO3 CH3COONa + H2O + CO2
e. CH3COOH +NaOH CH3COONa + H2O
Ans-8 X is Acetic acid (CH3COOH )
Y is Ethanol (CH3CH2OH)
Z is Ethyl ethanoate an ester - CH3COOCH2CH3

CH3COOH + CH3CH2OH con. acid CH3COOCH2CH3 + H2O

CH3COOCH3 + NaOH CH3COONa + CH3CH2OH
Ans-9 a. A is ethanol (Ethyl alcohol) - CH3CH2OH , B is Ethene C2H4 and, C is
Ethane – C2H6
b. CH3CH2OH conc. H2SO4 443 K C2H4 + H2O
c. When compound C undergoes combustion it produces CO2 ,H2O and heat
evolved during reaction.
d. Converts liquid oils (vegetable oils) into semi solid fats.
e. CH3CH2ONa - sodium ethoxide

Ans-10 (i) A is a soap and B is a detergent

(ii)
(iii) A forms curdy white precipitate with hard water , because when soap is
mixed with hard water, the calcium and magnesium ions present in hard water
reacts with the soap molecules to create insoluble salts, which appears as a
visible scum.
(iv) CH3COOCH3 + NaOH CH3COONa + CH3CH2OH
Name of process is saponification.
Ans- 11
con. acid
CH3COOH + CH3CH2OH CH3COOCH2CH3 + H2O

Name of reaction is esterification. And the product formed is ester. X is ethyl

alcohol CH3CH2OH and Y is Acetic acid CH3COOH.
Ans. 12 -
CH3CH2OH conc. H2SO4 443 K C2H4 + H2O
2CH3CH2OH + 2Na 2 CH3CH2ONa + H2
X is ethyl alcohol CH3CH2OH , Y is ethane C2H4 and Z is Hyddrogen gas.
Ans-13 a . A is cyclopentane

b. B is Pentene CH2 CH CH2 CH2 CH3

c. A have only single bonds
d. B has both single and double bonds.
Ans.14 - (i) X is Ethyl alcohol CH3CH2OH – its IUPAC name is Ethanol .
(ii) CH3CH2OH conc. H2SO4 443 K C2H4 + H2O
When X (ethyl alcohol ) is heated with excess conc. Sulphuric acid at 443 K it
converts into ethane by the process of dehydration.

Inorganic chemistry
Ans -1 Element X is Cu - Copper.
 Black coloured compound- CuO (Copper (II) Oxide)
Ans-2 a. metal M is Na (sodium)
b. Solution S is NaOH.
c. Gas G is Hydrogen.
Ans- 3
a. Calcium sulphate hemihydrates (CaSO4. 1/2 H2O)
b. CaSO4. 1/2 H2O + 1 ½ H2O CaSO4.2H2O
c. 1. MakingWall coating and false ceilings. 2. Mold making
Ans- 4 Metal E is Sodium
a. 4Na + O2 2 Na2O
2Na + 2H2O 2NaOH + H2
b. By electrolysis of molten NaCl.
Ans.5- White powder is baking powder. The main ingredients are baking soda
and an edible acid like tartaric acid.
When baking powder mixes with water (present in dough made for baking cake
or bread), then sodium hydrogen carbonate reacts with hydrogen ion of tartaric
acid and evolve carbon dioxide gas that makes the cake fluffy and soft.
Heat
2NaHCO3 Na2CO3 + CO2 + H2O
Baking soda on heating produces sodium carbonate, carbon dioxide and
water.
Ans.6- Electronic configuration of X is – 2,8,2 and Y is – 2,8,7

Name of compound is magnesium chloride - MgCl2

Ion reach at (i) cathode is Magnesium cation and (ii) at anode is Chloride anions.
Prep
ared by:-
Manish Panwar
PGT- Chemistry
PM SHRI KV BARWANI