Module 5
Uploaded by
SAMU IDHAYAN I URK21CS2006Module 5
Uploaded by
SAMU IDHAYAN I URK21CS2006Module 5
1. SMS Messaging
o send SMS in an Android Kotlin program, you will use the SmsManager class, which
T
allows youtosendtextmessagesdirectlyfromyourapp.Belowisastep-by-stepguideand
code implementation.
Step 1. Request Permissions:
ince sending SMS requires explicit user permission, you need to add the necessary
S
permission to the AndroidManifest.xml and request runtime permissions in your activity.
In AndroidManifest.xml, add the SEND_SMS permission and Telephony Hardware feature:
<uses-permission
android
:name
="android.permission.SEND_SMS"
/>
<
uses-feature
android
:name
="android.hardware.telephony"
/>
Step 2. Create a UI Design to get Phone number and Message:
I n your activity_main.xml, add an EditText to enter the phone number, another EditText for
the message, and a Button to send the SMS.
?
< xml version
="1.0"
encoding
="utf-8"
?>
<
LinearLayout
android
:orientation
="vertical"
android
:padding
="16dp"
>
<
TextView
android
:layout_width
="match_parent"
android
:layout_height
="wrap_content"
android
:text
="Sending SMS App"
android
:textColor
="#D81B60"
android
:textSize
="26dp"
android
:layout_marginTop
="50dp"
android
:gravity
="center_horizontal"
/>
<
EditText
android
:id
="@+id/phonenumber"
android
:layout_width
="match_parent"
android
:layout_height
="wrap_content"
android
:hint
="Enter Phone Number"
android
:inputType
="phone"
android
:layout_marginTop
="50dp"
/>
<
EditText
ndroid
a :id
="@+id/messageinput"
android
:layout_width
="match_parent"
android
:layout_height
="wrap_content"
android
:hint
="Enter Message"
android
:inputType
="textMultiLine"
/>
<
Button
android
:id
="@+id/sendbtn"
android
:layout_width
="wrap_content"
android
:layout_height
="wrap_content"
android
:text
="Send SMS"
android
:layout_marginTop
="16dp"
/>
</
LinearLayout
>
Step 3. Implement MainActivity.kt Code for sending SMS message
I n your MainActivity.kt, you will need to check for runtime permissions and use the
SmsManager to send an SMS when the button is clicked
mport
i android.
Manifest
import
android.content.pm.PackageManager
import
android.os.
Bundle
import
android.telephony.SmsManager
import
android.widget.
Button
import
android.widget.
EditText
import
android.widget.
Toast
import
androidx.activity.enableEdgeToEdge
import
androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity
import
androidx.core.app.ActivityCompat
class
MainActivity
: AppCompatActivity() {
override fun
onCreate(
savedInstanceState:
Bundle
?) {
super
.onCreate(
savedInstanceState
)
enableEdgeToEdge
()
setContentView(
R
.
layout
.
activity_main)
al
v phonefield:
EditText
= findViewById( R
.
id
.
phonenumber)
val
msgfield
:
EditText
= findViewById( R
.
id
.
messageinput)
val
sendbtn
:
Button= findViewById(
R
.
id
.
sendbtn
)
sendbtn
.setOnClickListener
{
//Request Runtime Permission to SEND_SMS
f
i (
A
ctivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(
this
,
Manifest
.
permission
.
SEND_
SMS
)!=
PackageManager
.
PERMISSION_GRANTED
){
ActivityCompat
.requestPermissions(
this
,
arrayOf
(
M
anifest
.
permission
.
SEND_SMS
),
1
)
}
ar
v phonenumber=
phonefield.getText().toString()
var
msg
=
msgfield.getText().toString()
if
(
phonenumber
.
isNotEmpty
() &&
msg
.
isNotEmpty
()){
val
smsManager =
SmsManager
.getDefault()
smsManager
.sendTextMessage(
phonenumber
,
null
,
msg
,
null
,
null
)
Toast
.makeText(
this
,
"SMS Send
Successfully"
,
Toast
.
LENGTH_LONG).show()
}
else
{
Toast
.makeText(
this
,
"Please Enter Phone Number and
Message"
,
Toast
.
LENGTH_LONG
).show()
}
}}}
Open Messages in your emulator
2. Sending Email
I n Android, sending an email can be achieved by using intents. An intent allows your app to
interact with other apps on the device. In the case of sending an email, we use an implicit
intent to launch an email client installed on the user’s device.
I ntent.ACTION_SENDis used specifically for sendingemails which ensures that only apps
that handle email (and not other sharing services) will respond to the intent.
val
intent
= Intent(
Intent
.
ACTION_SEND
)
Components of Email Intent
● Intent Data:
Uri.parse("mailto:") — This ensures that only email-capable apps respond to
the intent.
● Intent Extras:
These key-value pairs provide additional data for the intent:
Intent.EXTRA_EMAIL: An array of email addresses (recipients).
Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT: The subject of the email.
Intent.EXTRA_TEXT: The body of the email message.
Sample Code for Creating Email Intent
val
emailIntent
= Intent(Intent
.
ACTION_SENDTO).
apply
{
data
=
Uri
.parse(
"mailto:"
)
type
=
"message/rfc822"
putExtra(
Intent
.
EXTRA_EMAIL,
arrayOf
(
"[email protected]"
))
putExtra(
Intent
.
EXTRA_SUBJECT ,
"Subject of theemail"
)
putExtra(
Intent
.
EXTRA_TEXT
,
"Body of the email" )
}
Add Extra Information:
● dd the recipient email address, subject, and message body using the
A putExtra()
method.
Sending Email Intent
UsestartActivity()to launch an email app that canhandle the intent.
startActivity(
Intent
.createChooser(
intent
,
"Choose
Email App.."
))
Example Program: Sending an Email Message using Intent
Step 1: Create a New Project
1 . O penAndroid Studioand create aNew Project.
2. ChooseEmpty Views Activity.
3. Name your project (e.g., "SendEMail") and make sure to select Kotlin as the
language.
Step 2: Add Permissions (Optional)
ny special permissions are not needed for sending emails using intents. However, if
A
internet-based services are used later on, the Internet permission should be needed in the
AndroidManifest.xmlfile.
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET" />
Step 3: Create the UI
I n theactivity_main.xmllayout file, create a simpleUI with a few input fields to get email
details like the recipient's email address, subject, and message.
<?
xml version
="1.0"
encoding ="utf-8"
?>
<
LinearLayout
android
:id
="@+id/main"
android
:layout_width
="match_parent"
android
:layout_height
="match_parent"
android
:orientation
="vertical"
>
<
TextView
android
:layout_width
="match_parent"
android
:layout_height
="wrap_content"
android
:text
="Sending Email"
/>
<
EditText
android
:id
="@+id/toemail"
android
:layout_width
="300dp"
android
:layout_height
="wrap_content"
android
:hint
="To Email.."
/>
<
EditText
android
:id
="@+id/subject"
android
:layout_width
="300dp"
android
:layout_height
="wrap_content"
android
:hint
="Subject"
/>
<
EditText
android
:id
="@+id/message"
ndroid
a :layout_width
="300dp"
android
:layout_height
="wrap_content"
android
:hint
="Message"
android
:inputType
="textMultiLine"
/>
<
Button
android
:id
="@+id/sendbtn"
android
:layout_width
="wrap_content"
android
:layout_height
="wrap_content"
android
:text
="Send Email"
/>
</
LinearLayout
>
Step 4: Kotlin Code in Activity
I n the main activity, write the Kotlin code to handle the email sending functionality.
class
MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
override fun
onCreate (
savedInstanceState :
Bundle ?)
{
super
.onCreate(
savedInstanceState
)
enableEdgeToEdge
()
setContentView(
R
.
layout
.
a
ctivity_main )
al
v toemail
:
EditText
= findViewById(R
.
id
.
toemail
)
val
subject
:
EditText
= findViewById(R
.
id
.
subject
)
val
message
:
EditText
= findViewById(R
.
id
.
message
)
val
sendbtn
:
Button
= findViewById(
R
.
id
.
sendbtn
)
sendbtn
.setOnClickListener
{
val
intent= Intent(Intent
.
ACTION_SEND
).
apply
{
data
=
Uri
.parse(
"mailto:"
)
putExtra(
Intent
.
EXTRA_EMAIL,
arrayOf(
toemail
.
text
.toString()))
type
=
"message/rfc822"
putExtra(
Intent
.
EXTRA_SUBJECT ,
subject
.
t
ext.toString())
putExtra(
Intent
.
EXTRA_TEXT,
message.
text.toString())
}
startActivity(
Intent
.createChooser(
intent
,
"Choose
Email
App.."
))
}
}
}
Step 5: Explanation of the Code
1. U I Elements: The user inputs the recipient’s email address, subject, and message in
the respectiveEditTextfields. When the "Send Email"button is pressed, the
buttonSend.setOnClickListener { ... }is triggered.
2. Intent Handling: TheIntentis used to request the email app on the user's phone.
TheACTION_SENDaction is used here.
o
putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_EMAIL, arrayOf(to)) : Adds therecipient email.
o putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_SUBJECT, subject) : Adds thesubject line.
o
putExtra(Intent.EXTRA_TEXT, message) : Adds the emailbody message.
3. tarting the Intent: Once the intent is ready,startActivity(intent)is called. If
S
there’s an email app available, Android will open it, and the email will be prefilled
with the subject, recipient, and message.
. message/rfc822MIME Type: This ensures that the appsoffered to handle the intent
4
are restricted to email clients only, such as Gmail, Outlook, etc.
5. Handling Empty Fields: A simple validation is addedto ensure the email, subject,
and message fields are not empty before sending the intent.
3. Accessing Camera
ccessing the camera in Androidcanbeachievedusingintent.Thisapproachlaunchesthe
A
built-in camera app, captures a photo, and returns the result to your activity.
We useMediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTUREto launch thedefault camera app.
Step 1:Create a New Android Project
Step 2:Add permissions to theAndroid Manifest: Toaccess the camera and store the
image, add the following permissions in your AndroidManifest.xml file.
To allow the app to access the camera:-
<
uses-permission android :name
="android.permission.CAMERA"
/>
his ensures that the app can only be installed on devices that have a camera:-
T
<
u
ses-feature android :name
="android.hardware.camera"
/>
o allow the app to write and read the image files from external storage.
T
<
u
ses-permission
android
:name
="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"
/>
<
u
ses-permission
android
:name
="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"
/>
Also,
● FileProvider:You need to define aFileProviderintheAndroidManifest.xmlto
securely share the image file between the android app and the camera app. The file
paths are defined in a separate XML file (file_paths.xml)inside res/xml directory
<
manifest>
<
uses-permissionandroid
:name
="android.permission.CAMERA"
/>
<
uses-featureandroid
:name
="android.hardware.camera"
/>
<
uses-permission
android
:name
="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"
/>
<
uses-permission
android
:name
="android.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE"
/>
<
application
<
activity>
…
</
activity
>
<
provider
android
:name
="androidx.core.content.FileProvider"
android
:authorities
="${applicationId}.provider"
android
:exported
="false"
android
:grantUriPermissions
="true"
>
<
meta-data
android
:name
="android.support.FILE_PROVIDER_PATHS"
android
:resource
="@xml/file_paths"
/>
</
provider
>
</
application
>
</
manifest
>
tep 3:Define thefile pathsin res/xml/file_paths.xml:
S
?
< xml version
="1.0"
encoding ="utf-8"
?>
<
p
aths xmlns: android
="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
>
<
e
xternal-path name ="images"
path ="."
/>
</
paths
>
In Android, <external-path>refers to the shared storagespace where files can be stored
and accessed by all applications. This storage is often represented as the/storage/emulated/0/
directory on devices.
Step 4: Design a Simple UI for Taking Photo from camera
<?
xml version
="1.0"
encoding ="utf-8"
?>
<
LinearLayout
xmlns:
android
="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:
app
="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:
tools
="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android
:id
="@+id/main"
android
:layout_width
="match_parent"
android
:layout_height
="match_parent"
tools
:context
=".MainActivity"
android
:orientation
="vertical"
>
<
Button
android
:id
="@+id/btn"
android
:layout_width
="200dp"
android
:layout_height
="wrap_content"
android
:text
="Take Photo"
android
:layout_marginTop
="50dp"
android
:layout_gravity
="center_horizontal"
/>
<
ImageView
android
:id
="@+id/imageView"
android
:layout_width
="300dp"
android
:layout_height
="400dp"
tools
:srcCompat
="@tools:sample/avatars"
android
:layout_marginTop
="20dp"
android
:layout_gravity
="center_horizontal"
/>
</
LinearLayout
>
Step 5: Implement the MainActivity.kt code to request permission and take photo.
package
com.example.cameraaccess
mport
i android.
Manifest
import
android.content.
Intent
import
android.content.pm.PackageManager
import
android.graphics.BitmapFactory
import
android.net.
Uri
mport
i android.os.
Build
import
android.os.
Bundle
import
android.os.
Environment
import
android.provider.MediaStore
import
android.widget.
Button
import
android.widget.
ImageView
import
android.widget.
Toast
import
androidx.activity.result. ActivityResultLauncher
import
androidx.activity.result.contract. ActivityResultContracts
import
androidx.appcompat.app. AppCompatActivity
import
androidx.core.app.ActivityCompat
import
androidx.core.content.FileProvider
import
java.io.
File
import
java.text.
SimpleDateFormat
import
java.util.
Date
class
MainActivity
: AppCompatActivity() {
rivate
p lateinit var
imageView
:
ImageView
private
lateinit var
btnCapture:
Button
private
lateinit var
photoUri
:
Uri
private
var
photoFile
:
File
? =
null
rivate val
p cameraLauncher :
ActivityResultLauncher<
Intent
>
=
registerForActivityResult(
ActivityResultContracts
.StartActivityForResult())
{
result ->
if
(
r
esult.
resultCode
==
RESULT_OK
&&
photoFile !=
null ) {
val
bitmap
=
BitmapFactory.decodeFile(
photoFile
!!.
absolutePath
)
imageView
.setImageBitmap(
bitmap
)
Toast
.makeText(
this
,
photoFile
!!.
absolutePath
,
Toast
.
LENGTH_LONG
).show()
}
else{
Toast
.makeText(
this
,
"Capture cancelled"
,
Toast .
L
ENGTH_SHORT ).show()
}
}
override fun
onCreate
(
savedInstanceState :
Bundle
?)
{
super
.onCreate(
savedInstanceState
)
setContentView(
R
.
layout
.
activity_main
)
mageView
i = findViewById(R
.
id
.
imageView
)
btnCapture
= findViewById(
R
.
id
.
btn
)
btnCapture
.setOnClickListener
{
val
cameraPermission =
ActivityCompat
.checkSelfPermission(
this
,
Manifest
.
permission
.
CAMERA
)
val
storagePermission =
ActivityCompat
.checkSelfPermission(
this
,
Manifest
.
permission
.
WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
)
f
i (
cameraPermission
==PackageManager .
PERMISSION_GRANTED &&
storagePermission
==
PackageManager .
PERMISSION_GRANTED ){
capturePhoto()
}
else
{
val
permissions =mutableListOf(
Manifest .
p
ermission.
CAMERA
)
if
(
Build
.
VERSION
.
SDK_INT
<
Build.
V
ERSION_CODES .
TIRAMISU)
{
permissions
.add(
Manifest
.
permission
.
WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE
)
}
requestPermissions(
permissions
.
t
oTypedArray(),
101
)
}
}
}
verride fun
o onRequestPermissionsResult (
requestCode
:
Int
,
permissions
:
Array
<
out
String>,
grantResults:
IntArray) {
super
.onRequestPermissionsResult(
requestCode
,
permissions,
grantResults
)
if
(
requestCode
==101
&&
grantResults .
isNotEmpty ()
&&
grantResults
.
all{ it
==PackageManager
.
PERMISSION_GRANTED
}
) {
capturePhoto()
}
else
{
Toast
.makeText(
this
,
"Permissions denied" ,
Toast.
LENGTH_SHORT
).show()
}
}
private fun
capturePhoto () {
val
intent= Intent( MediaStore
.
ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE
)
val
timeStamp :
String
=
SimpleDateFormat(
"yyyyMMdd_HHmmss"
).format(Date())
val
storageDir :
File
? =
getExternalFilesDir(
Environment
.
DIRECTORY_PICTURES
)
photoFile
=File .createTempFile(
"JPEG_
${
timeStamp
}
_"
,
".jpg"
,
storageDir
)
if
(
photoFile !=null
) {
photoUri
=FileProvider .getUriForFile(
this
,
"
${
applicationContext
.
packageName }
.provider" ,
photoFile !!)
intent
.putExtra(
MediaStore
.
EXTRA_OUTPUT
,
photoUri )
cameraLauncher
.launch(
intent
)
}
}
}
4. Accessing Bluetooth
luetoothAdapterisaclassinAndroidthatrepresentsthedevice'sBluetoothadapter,which
B
isthehardwarecomponentthatmanagesBluetoothcommunication.Thisclassallowsyouto
perform various Bluetooth operations, such as checking if Bluetooth is supported,
enabling/disabling Bluetooth, discovering devices, and managing paired devices.
Key Features of BluetoothAdapter:
● G et the Default Adapter: You can get the default Bluetooth adapter by calling
BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter().
val bluetoothAdapter: BluetoothAdapter? = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter()
● C heck Bluetooth Support: Before attempting to use Bluetooth features, you can
check if the device supports Bluetooth.
if (bluetoothAdapter == null) {
Toast.makeText(this, "Bluetooth not supported", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show()
}
● E nable Bluetooth: You can enable Bluetooth programmatically (if not already
enabled) or prompt the user to enable it:
if (!bluetoothAdapter.isEnabled) {
val enableBtIntent = Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE)
startActivityForResult(enableBtIntent, REQUEST_ENABLE_BT)
}
● G et Paired Devices: You can get a set of paired devices (bonded devices) using
bondedDevices:
val pairedDevices: Set<BluetoothDevice> = bluetoothAdapter.bondedDevices
● D iscoverDevices:TodiscovernearbyBluetoothdevices,youcanstartthediscovery
process:
val discoveryStarted = bluetoothAdapter.startDiscovery()
● Check Bluetooth State: You can also check the currentstate of Bluetooth using the
BluetoothAdapterstate constants:
luetoothAdapter.STATE_ON
B
BluetoothAdapter.STATE_OFF
BluetoothAdapter.STATE_TURNING_ON
BluetoothAdapter.STATE_TURNING_OFF
Example Program to display all Bluetooth Paired Devices
Step 1: Add Permission in AndroidManifest.xml
<uses-permission
android
:name
="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_CONNECT"
/>
Step 2: Design the Interface with Button and ListView
?
< xml version
="1.0"
encoding="utf-8"
?>
<
LinearLayout
xmlns:
android
="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:
app
="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:
tools
="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android
:id
="@+id/main"
android
:layout_width
="match_parent"
android
:layout_height
="match_parent"
tools
:context
=".MainActivity"
android
:orientation
="vertical"
>
<
B
utton
android
:id
="@+id/button"
android
:layout_width
="200dp"
android
:layout_height
="wrap_content"
android
:text
="View Paired Devices"
android
:layout_gravity
="center_horizontal"
android
:layout_marginTop
="50dp"
/>
<
L
istView
android
:id
="@+id/listView"
android
:layout_width
="wrap_content"
android
:layout_height
="match_parent"
android
:layout_marginTop
="20dp"
android
:padding
="20dp"
/>
</
LinearLayout
>
Step 3: Implement the Kotlin code to display all paired devices.
mport
i android.bluetooth.
BluetoothAdapter
import
android.bluetooth.
BluetoothDevice
import
android.content.pm.PackageManager
import
android.os.
Bundle
import
android.widget.
ArrayAdapter
import
android.widget.
Button
import
android.widget.
ListView
import
android.widget.
TextView
import
android.widget.
Toast
import
androidx.activity.enableEdgeToEdge
import
androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity
class
MainActivity
: AppCompatActivity() {
private lateinit var
tvDevices:
TextView
override fun
onCreate(
savedInstanceState
:
Bundle
?)
{
super
.onCreate(
savedInstanceState
)
enableEdgeToEdge
()
setContentView(
R
.
l
ayout.
a
ctivity_main
)
al
v button
:
B
utton= findViewById(
R
.
id
.
button
)
val
listView:
L
istView
= findViewById( R
.
id
.
listView
)
val
bluetoothAdapter
:
BluetoothAdapter
=
BluetoothAdapter
.getDefaultAdapter()
f
i (checkSelfPermission(android.
Manifest
.
p
ermission
.
BLUETOOTH_CONNECT
)!=
PackageManager
.
P
ERMISSION_GRANTED
) {
equestPermissions(
r arrayOf
(android.
Manifest
.
p
ermission
.
B
LUETOOTH_CONNECT
),
1
)
}
button
.setOnClickListener
{
val
pairedDevices :
Set
<
BluetoothDevice
>
=
bluetoothAdapter
.
b
ondedDevices
val
deviceList =
mutableListOf <
String
>()
if
(pairedDevices
.
isNotEmpty
()) {
for
(
device
in pairedDevices ) {
deviceList
.add(
"
$
{device
.
n
ame
}
(
$
{device
.
a
ddress
}
)"
)
}
val
adapter= ArrayAdapter( this
,
android.
R
.
layout
.
s
imple_list_item_1 ,
deviceList )
listView
.
a
dapter =adapter
}
else {
Toast
.makeText(
this
,
"No paired devices found",
Toast
.
LENGTH_SHORT
).show()
}
}
}
}
5. Telephony API
heAndroid telephony APIslet your applications accessthe underlying telephone hardware
T
stack and allows to integrate call handling and phone state monitoring into your applications.
It provides access to cellular network information, SIM details, call states, SMS management,
and more. Here's how you can use the Telephony API in Kotlin for common tasks.
TelephonyManager
heTelephonyManagerclass in Android provides accessto information about the cellular
T
network, SIM cards, and phone state.
Get an Instance of TelephonyManager
You can access theTelephonyManagerby using thegetSystemService()method:
val
telephonyManager
= getSystemService(Context
.
TELEPHONY_SERVICE
)
as
TelephonyManager
Accessing SIM Card, Phone and Network Information
Permission Required
<uses-permission
android
:name
="android.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE"
/>
Accessing IMEI and Subscriber ID
val
telephonyManager
= getSystemService(Context
.
TELEPHONY_SERVICE
)
as
TelephonyManager
val
imei
=
telephonyManager
.
i
mei
val
subscriberId
=
telephonyManager
.
s
ubscriberId
ote:From Android 10 onwards, access toIMEIandSubscriber IDis restricted unless
N
your app is set as thedefault SMS app, carrier app,or device owner.
Get Network and SIM Details
val
telephonyManager= getSystemService( Context
.
T
ELEPHONY_SERVICE
)
as
TelephonyManager
val
simOperatorName=telephonyManager .
simOperatorName
val
networkOperatorName =
telephonyManager .
networkOperatorName
val
countryIso
=telephonyManager.
simCountryIso
val
networkType=
when(
t
elephonyManager .
d
ataNetworkType )
{
TelephonyManager
.
N
ETWORK_TYPE_LTE ->"4G LTE"
TelephonyManager
.
N
ETWORK_TYPE_NR ->"5G"
else
->
"Unknown Network"
}
Make Phone Calls using TelephonyManager
e are able to make a phone call in android via implicit intent. You need to set two
W
permissions in AndroidManifest.xml
<uses-permission
android
:name
="android.permission.CALL_PHONE"
/>
<
uses-feature
android
:name
="android.hardware.telephony"
android
:required
="false"
/>
omakecalldirectlyfrom,youalsoneedtohaveruntimepermissioninkotlincodeas
T
given below
if(A
ctivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this,M anifest.p
ermission.CALL_PHONE)!=
PackageManager.P ERMISSION_GRANTED)
{
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this,arrayOf(M
anifest.p
ermission.C
ALL_PHONE),
PackageManager.P ERMISSION_GRANTED)
}
Kotlin code to make phone calls directly from your app
class M ainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
override fun o
nCreate(s avedInstanceState: Bundle?){
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState)
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main)
al phoneno:EditText =
v findViewById(R.id.p hone)
val btn: Button =
findViewById(R.id.b
tn)
btn.setOnClickListener {
//Request User Permission
if(ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(this,M anifest.permission.CALL_PHONE)!=
PackageManager.P ERMISSION_GRANTED)
{
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(this,arrayOf(M anifest.permission.C
ALL_PHONE),
PackageManager.P ERMISSION_GRANTED)
}
else {
var intent: Intent = Intent(Intent.A
CTION_CALL)
intent.setData((Uri.parse("tel:" + phoneno.text.toString())))
startActivity(intent)
}
}
}
}
Design Code
?
< xml version
="1.0"
encoding
="utf-8"
?>
<
LinearLayout
xmlns:
android
="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:
tools
="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android
:id
="@+id/main"
android
:layout_width
="match_parent"
android
:layout_height
="match_parent"
tools
:context
=".MainActivity"
android
:orientation
="vertical"
>
<
EditText
android
:id
="@+id/phone"
android
:layout_width
="wrap_content"
android
:layout_height
="match_parent"
/>
<
Button
android
:id
="@+id/btn"
android
:layout_width
="wrap_content"
ndroid
a :layout_height
="wrap_content"
android
:text
="Call"
/>
</
LinearLayout
>
6. Working with Sensors
ost Android-powered devices have built-in sensors that measure motion, orientation,and
M
various environmental conditions.
hese sensors are capable of providing raw data with high precisionandaccuracy,andare
T
usefulifyouwanttomonitorthree-dimensionaldevicemovementorpositioning,oryouwant
to monitor changes in the ambient environment near a device
or example, a game might track readings from a device's gravitysensortoinfercomplex
F
user gestures and motions, such as tilt, shake, rotation, or swing.
ikewise, a weather application might use a device's temperature sensor and humidity
L
sensortocalculateandreportthedewpoint,oratravelapplicationmightusethegeomagnetic
field sensor and accelerometer to report a compass bearing.
The Android platform supports three broad categories of sensors:
otion sensors
M
These sensors measure acceleration forces and rotational forces along three axes. This
category includes accelerometers, gravity sensors, gyroscopes, and rotational vector sensors.
nvironmental sensors
E
These sensors measure various environmental parameters, such as ambient air temperature
and pressure, illumination, and humidity. This category includes barometers, photometers,
and thermometers.
osition sensors
P
These sensors measure the physical position ofadevice.Thiscategoryincludesorientation
sensors and magnetometers.
Sensor Types supported by the Android platform.
Table 1.Sensor Typessupported by the Android platform.
ommon
C
Sensor Type Description
Uses
TYPE_ACCELEROMETER easures the acceleration force in m/s2that
Hardware M otion
M
is applied to a device on all three physical detection
axes (x, y, and z), including the force of (shake, tilt,
gravity. etc.).
TYPE_AMBIENT_TEMPERATURE Hardware Measures the ambient room temperature in Monitoring
degrees Celsius (°C). See note below. air
temperatures.
TYPE_GRAVITY oftware or Measures the force of gravity in m/s2that is Motion
S
Hardware applied to a device on all three physical axesdetection
(x, y, z). (shake, tilt,
etc.).
TYPE_GYROSCOPE Hardware Measures a device's rate of rotation in rad/s Rotation
around each of the three physical axes (x, y, detection
and z). (spin, turn,
etc.).
TYPE_LIGHT Hardware Measures the ambient light level Controlling
(illumination) in lx. screen
brightness.
2
TYPE_LINEAR_ACCELERATION Software or Measures the acceleration force in m/s that Monitoring
Hardware is applied to a device on all three physical acceleration
axes (x, y, and z), excluding the force of along a single
gravity. axis.
YPE_MAGNETIC_FIELD
T Hardware Measures the ambient geomagnetic field for Creating a
all three physical axes (x, y, z) in μT. compass.
TYPE_ORIENTATION Software Measures degrees of rotation that a device Determining
makes around all three physical axes (x, y, device
z). As of API level 3 you can obtain the position.
inclination matrix and rotation matrix for a
device by using the gravity sensor and the
geomagnetic field sensor in conjunction
with the getRotationMatrix()method.
TYPE_PRESSURE Hardware Measures the ambient air pressure in hPa or Monitoring
mbar. air pressure
changes.
TYPE_PROXIMITY Hardware Measures the proximity of an object in cm Phone
relative to the view screen of a device. This position
sensor is typically used to determine during a call.
whether a handset is being held up to a
person's ear.
TYPE_RELATIVE_HUMIDITY Hardware Measures the relative ambient humidity in Monitoring
percent (%). dewpoint,
absolute, and
relative
humidity.
TYPE_ROTATION_VECTOR Software or Measures the orientation of a device by Motion
Hardware providing the three elements of the device's detection and
rotation vector. rotation
detection.
TYPE_TEMPERATURE Hardware Measures the temperature of the device in
degrees Celsius (°C). This sensor
implementation varies across devices and
this sensor was replaced with
the T
YPE_AMBIENT_TEMPERATUREs
ensor in API Level 14
Sensor Framework
SensorManager
oucanusethisclasstocreateaninstanceofthesensorservice.Thisclassprovides
Y
variousmethodsforaccessingandlistingsensors,registeringandunregisteringsensor
eventlisteners,andacquiringorientationinformation.Thisclassalsoprovidesseveral
s ensorconstantsthatareusedtoreportsensoraccuracy,setdataacquisitionrates,and
calibrate sensors.
Sensor
ou can use this class to create an instance of a specific sensor. This class provides
Y
various methods that let you determine a sensor's capabilities.
SensorEvent
hesystemusesthisclasstocreateasensoreventobject,whichprovidesinformation
T
about a sensor event. A sensor event object includes the followinginformation:the
rawsensordata,thetypeofsensorthatgeneratedtheevent,theaccuracyofthedata,
and the timestamp for the event.
SensorEventListener
ou can use this interface to create two callback methods that receive notifications
Y
(sensor events) when sensor values change or when sensor accuracy changes.
Creating SensorManager object
al
v sensorManager
= getSystemService(
Context
.
SENSOR_SERVICE
)
as
SensorManager
Design the UI
?
< xml version
="1.0"
encoding
="utf-8"
?>
<
LinearLayout
xmlns:android
="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
xmlns:
app
="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res-auto"
xmlns:
tools
="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
android
:id
="@+id/main"
android
:layout_width
="match_parent"
android
:layout_height
="match_parent"
tools
:context
=".MainActivity"
android
:orientation
="vertical"
>
<
B
utton
android
:id
="@+id/viewBtn"
android
:layout_width
="wrap_content"
android
:layout_height
="wrap_content"
android
:text
="View All Sensors"
android
:layout_marginTop
="40dp"
android
:layout_gravity
="center_horizontal"
/>
<
L
istView
android
:id
="@+id/listView"
android
:layout_width
="379dp"
android
:layout_height
="wrap_content"
android
:layout_gravity
="center_horizontal"
android
:layout_marginTop
="20dp"
android
:textColor
="#D81B60"
ndroid
a :textSize
="25dp"
/>
</
LinearLayout
>
mport
i android.content.Context
import
android.hardware.Sensor
import
android.hardware.SensorManager
import
android.os.
Bundle
import
android.widget.
ArrayAdapter
import
android.widget.
Button
import
android.widget.
ListView
import
androidx.activity.enableEdgeToEdge
import
androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity
class
MainActivity : AppCompatActivity() {
override fun
onCreate(
savedInstanceState
:
Bundle ?)
{
super
.onCreate(
savedInstanceState
)
enableEdgeToEdge
()
setContentView(
R
.
l
ayout .
a
ctivity_main )
val
btn
:
Button
= findViewById( R
.
i
d.
viewBtn
)
val
listView:
ListView = findViewById( R
.
i
d.
listView
)
val
sensorManager = getSystemService( Context
.
S
ENSOR_SERVICE
)
as
SensorManager
btn
.setOnClickListener
{
// Initialize the SensorManager
val
sensorManager = getSystemService( Context
.
S
ENSOR_SERVICE
)
as
SensorManager
// Get a list of all available sensors
val
sensorList :
List<
S
ensor > =
sensorManager
.getSensorList(
Sensor
.
TYPE_ALL
)
// Extract sensor names into a string
list
val
sensorNames =
sensorList .
m
ap { it .
name
}
// Set up an ArrayAdapter to display sensor
names in the
ListView
val
adapter= ArrayAdapter( this
,
android.
R
.
layout
.
s
imple_list_item_1 ,
sensorNames )
listView
.
a
dapter =adapter
}
}
}
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