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THE
Briefest English Grammar
AND
Punctuation Guide Ever!
Published by
NewSouth Publishing
University of New South Wales Press Ltd
University of New South Wales
Sydney NSW 2052
AUSTRALIA
https://unsw.press/
This book is copyright. Apart from any fair dealing for the purpose of private study,
research, criticism or review, as permitted under the Copyright Act, no part of this
book may be reproduced by any process without written permission. Inquiries
should be addressed to the publisher.
Ruth Colman
Contents
PART 1: Grammar
Preface to the grammar guide
Intro
Sentences
Clauses and phrases
Words – and their functions
Nouns
Pronouns
Verbs
Adjectives
Adverbs
Prepositions
Conjunctions
Articles (or determiners)
Exclamations (interjections)
More about clauses
In conclusion …
PART 2: Punctuation
Preface: What this part is and isn’t.
Intro
I’m writing ordinary sentences. What punctuation marks do
I need?
What’s the difference between a hyphen and a dash? Aren’t
they the same?
Capital letters can be confusing. When should I use them?
When shouldn’t I use them?
Please! Please tell me about apostrophes.
I’m quoting something written by someone else. What are
the rules?
I want to write a conversation, just as it was spoken.
Lists. Are there any rules?
Not strictly punctuation, but …
In conclusion …
Helpful books
PART 1
Grammar
Preface to the grammar guide
I hope this small guide will fill a gap and give you the basics,
whether you want to learn another language or not, and if you do,
whether your aimed-for second language is Spanish, Anindilyakwa,
New Testament Greek, Swahili or anything else.
Don’t forget that many languages don’t have direct equivalents of all
our classes of words or all our grammatical structures. Some
systems of grammar are simpler than the English system, some are
more complex, and some are simply different.
Intro
Quite often there is overlap. Words don’t always fit neatly into the
categories we think they should be in. Sometimes a group of words
performs the function of one word, and some words have more than
one function. But by and large the outlines in this book cover most
situations. As you go through it you will find new meanings for some
common English words – which simply indicates that grammar has
its jargon just like any other field of study.
Sentences
or longer.
• Sedimentary rocks, wherever they are, tell us about ancient climatic
conditions, and geological events that happened in the area during the time
the sediments were deposited.
or questions …
• Are you well?
• Have they finished painting the house?
or commands.
• Come to the office at ten.
• Stop!
Here’s an exercise
(the only one in the book).
Which of the following are sentences and which are not? Can you
tell why? Full stops and capitals have been omitted.
If you can tell which are sentences and which are not, by ‘intuition’,
that’s enough for the present. You can come back to it later with a
bit more knowledge.
Clauses and phrases
Old Alf revved the engine/and off they went towards the
river mouth,/while we waited on the jetty/until they were
out of sight.
And
a
few
other
bits
and
pieces.
Your teachers may talk about the case of nouns (and pronouns).
They will mention nouns as being subjects and objects of verbs.
Random documents with unrelated
content Scribd suggests to you:
kuluneet saappaat, päässä rähjäinen karvalakin kulu sekä kädessä
paksupäinen ryhmysauva, astuu edellämainitusta solasta pihaan.)
Hyvää ehtoota!
TUOMAS. Jäljettömiin —?
TAHVO. Mutta kuinka hänet voisit löytää? Jos hän sitäpaitsi enää
elossakaan on.
TUOMAS. Etsin niin kauan kuin jaksan ja jos en muuta voi, niin
kostan, murskaan (heiluttaa sauvaansa) kallon jokaiselta vastaani
tulevalta ryssältä — kunnes minut itseni murskataan. Sen teen!
Jääkää Herran haltuun! (Kääntyy ja yrittää lähteä, mutta pysähtyy,
kun samalla vasemmalta alkaa kuulua laulua.)
VANHA EMÄNTÄ. Tuomas, missä olet ja miksi pysyt niin vaiti? Etkö
näe, täällä on nyt sinun Eveliinasi?
KATRI. Eveliina!
EVELIINA. Kysyn silti, kun sinä et tiedä, että se oli sisareni Katri.
TAHVO. Niin, äskenhän minun piti sulta kysyä, kuinka sinä nyt
vasta sotavankeudesta palaat, mutta siihen tuli sitten näitä muita
asioita väliin.
Esirippu.
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