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The document explains the concept of database cursors in SQL, which allow for row-by-row processing of result sets. It outlines the life cycle of a cursor, including declaration, opening, fetching rows, closing, and deallocating. An example using the 'production.products' table demonstrates how to implement a cursor to retrieve and print product names and prices.

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6 views

Cours Or

The document explains the concept of database cursors in SQL, which allow for row-by-row processing of result sets. It outlines the life cycle of a cursor, including declaration, opening, fetching rows, closing, and deallocating. An example using the 'production.products' table demonstrates how to implement a cursor to retrieve and print product names and prices.

Uploaded by

jjcuken196
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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2025-01-13

SQL works based on set e.g., SELECT statement returns a set of rows which is called a result
set. However, sometimes, you may want to process a data set on a row by row basis. This is
where cursors come into play.

What is a database cursor

A database cursor is an object that enables traversal over the rows of a result set. It allows you
to process individual row returned by a query.

SQL Server cursor life cycle

These are steps for using a cursor:

First, declare a cursor.


DECLARE cursor_name CURSOR
FOR select_statement;

To declare a cursor, you specify its name after the DECLARE keyword with the CURSOR data
type and provide a SELECT statement that defines the result set for the cursor.

Next, open and populate the cursor by executing the SELECT statement:

OPEN cursor_name;
Then, fetch a row from the cursor into one or more variables:
FETCH NEXT FROM cursor INTO variable_list;

SQL Server provides the @@FETCHSTATUS function that returns the status of the last cursor
FETCH statement executed against the cursor; If @@FETCHSTATUS returns 0, meaning the FETCH
statement was successful. You can use the WHILE statement to fetch all rows from the cursor
as shown in the following code:

WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
BEGIN
FETCH NEXT FROM cursor_name;
END;
Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

After that, close the cursor:

CLOSE cursor_name;
Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

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2025-01-13

Finally, deallocate the cursor:

DEALLOCATE cursor_name;
Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

SQL Server cursor example

We’ll use the prodution.products table from the sample database to show you how to use a
cursor:

First, declare two variables to hold product name and list price, and a cursor to hold the result
of a query that retrieves product name and list price from the production.products table:

DECLARE
@product_name VARCHAR(MAX),
@list_price DECIMAL;

DECLARE cursor_product CURSOR


FOR SELECT
product_name,
list_price
FROM
production.products;
Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

Next, open the cursor:

OPEN cursor_product;
Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

Then, fetch each row from the cursor and print out the product name and list price:

FETCH NEXT FROM cursor_product INTO


@product_name,
@list_price;

WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
BEGIN
PRINT @product_name + CAST(@list_price AS varchar);
FETCH NEXT FROM cursor_product INTO
@product_name,
@list_price;
END;
Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

After that, close the cursor:

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2025-01-13

CLOSE cursor_product;
Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

Finally, deallocate the cursor to release it.

DEALLOCATE cursor_product;
Code language: SQL (Structured Query Language) (sql)

The following code snippets put everything together:

DECLARE
@product_name VARCHAR(250),
@list_price DECIMAL;

DECLARE cursor_product CURSOR


FOR SELECT
product_name,
list_price
FROM
production.products;

OPEN cursor_product;

FETCH NEXT FROM cursor_product INTO


@product_name,
@list_price;

WHILE @@FETCH_STATUS = 0
BEGIN
PRINT @product_name + CAST(@list_price AS varchar);
FETCH NEXT FROM cursor_product INTO
@product_name,
@list_price;
END;

CLOSE cursor_product;

DEALLOCATE cursor_product;

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