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RPH-LESSON-1-MEANING-AND-RELEVANCE-OF-HISTORY

The document discusses the meanings and relevance of history, emphasizing its role in understanding human experiences and societal development. It outlines the importance of studying history to gain insights into present problems and to appreciate diverse perspectives. Additionally, it highlights the significance of historical sources, both primary and secondary, and the evolution of Philippine historiography, advocating for an inclusive approach to historical narratives.

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35 views21 pages

RPH-LESSON-1-MEANING-AND-RELEVANCE-OF-HISTORY

The document discusses the meanings and relevance of history, emphasizing its role in understanding human experiences and societal development. It outlines the importance of studying history to gain insights into present problems and to appreciate diverse perspectives. Additionally, it highlights the significance of historical sources, both primary and secondary, and the evolution of Philippine historiography, advocating for an inclusive approach to historical narratives.

Uploaded by

ezbrase26106mstu
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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READING IN THE

PHILIPPINE
HISTORY
Jai Mangaliman
Lesson 1
:
Meanings and
Relevance of History
Meanings and
Relevance of History
It is a historian’s duty to draw insights from the ideas and realities that have shaped the lives
of men and women and the society. And in understanding these ideas, a historian (or, in fact, a
student of history) can comprehend how situations happened, identify their elements, and
think of how these situations can solve today’s predicaments, and help them plan for the
future.
The study of history, therefore, is the study of the
beliefs and desires, practices, and institutions of
human beings.
WHY STUDY
HISTORY?
An examination of the past can tell us a great deal about how we came to be
who we are. It means looking at the roots of modern institutions, ideas,
values, and problems.

Looking at the past teaches us to see the world through different


eyesappreciating the diversity of human perceptions, beliefs, and cultures.
Different and/or new perspectives will enable us to analyze critically the present
THE DEFINITION AND SUBJECT MATTER

History was derived from the Greek word historia which means “knowledge acquired
through inquiry or investigation”. History as a disciplined existed for around 2, 400 years and
is as old as mathematics and philosophy.

History became an important discipline. It became the historian’s duty to write about the lives
of important individuals like monarchs, heroes, saints, and nobilities. History was also focused
on writing wars, revolutions, and other important breakthroughs. It is thus important to ask:
What counts as history? Traditional historians lived with the mantra “no document, no
history”.
But what of peasant families or indigenous groups Other Definitions of
who were not given much thought about being History:
registered to government records? Does the absence • History is defined as a documented
of written documents about them mean they were record of man and his society. (Gray,
people of no history or past? Did they even exist? 1956, pp.1-3).
• As a field of study, history is a study
of man and his achievements from the
beginning of written records to the
This loophole was recognized by historians who present.
started using other kinds of historical sources, which • As a literary form of history is an
may not be in written form but were just as valid. A effective presentation of the unfolding
few examples are oral traditions in forms of epics events. But as a type of literature history
and songs, artifacts, architecture, and memory. falls under nonfiction work.
History thus became more inclusive and started • History comes from social history
collaborating with other disciplines as its auxiliary which defines it as a record of events
showing the evolution of man and his
disciplines.
society from the earliest and from the age
of barbarism to what he is today.
UNDERSTANDING
HISTORY

Why don’t we learn


from history?
What is the objective of history?

One would simply answer, quite simply - “truth”. It is a


word and an idea that has gone out of fashion.
The object might be more cautiously A second object lies in the practical value
expressed thus: to find out what happened of history. The knowledge gained from the
while trying to find out why it happened. study of true history is the best of all
It seeks the casual relations between education for practical life. The study of
events. history embraces every aspect of life. It
lays the foundation of education by
showing how mankind repeats its errors
and what those errors are.
IMPORTANCE AND USES OF HISTORY
Given are the uses of history as summarized by Foray and Salevouris
(1988). Some of these are interestingly explained by B.H. Lidedell Hart
(1971).
A. History provides a source of personal and social identity.
B. History helps us understand the problems of the present.
C. History – good history – corrects misleading analogies and “lessons” of the past.
D. History can help one develop tolerance and open-mindedness.
E. History helps us better understand all human behaviors and all aspects of the
human condition.
F. History provides the basic background for many disciplines.
G. History can be a source of entertainment.
H. History, when studied, can teach many critical skills.
SELF ASSESSMENT 1
: Below is a definition of history by Zeus A. Salazar (1999). Examine it
carefully then answer the questions following the definition.

“Ang KASAYSAYAN ay SALAYSAY hinggil sa nakaraan o nakalipas na


may SAYSAY – kahulugan, katuturan, at kabuluhan – sa SARILING
LIPUNAN at KULTURA o kabuuang kinabibilangan. Ito ay iniuulat gamit
ang mga konsepto at kategorya ng sariling kultura.”
A. What does the author mean or imply by “Ang kasaysayan ay salaysay…
na may saysay sa sariling lipunan at kultura”?

B. The statement. “Ito (referring to kasaysayan) ay iniuulat gamit ang mga konsepto
at kategorya ng sariling kultura, implies who should write a people’s history. What
issues would emerge from (1) a history of people written and interpreted by an
“outsider” (a foreign historian); and, (2) a history of people analyzed and
presented by an “insider” (a local historian)?

B.1 History written by an outsider

B.2 History written by an insider


Lesson 2 :

Historical Sources
HISTORCAL SOURCES

With the past as history's subject matter, the historian's most important research tools
are historical sources. In general, historical sources can be classified between primary
and secondary sources. The classification of sources between these two categories
depends on the historical subject being studied.
Primary Sources Secondary Sources

are those sources produced are those sources, which


at the same time as the were produced by an author
event, period, or subject who used primary sources to
being studied. produce the material. In
other words, secondary
sources are historical
sources, which studied a
certain historical subject.
Both primary and secondary sources are useful in writing
and learning history. However, historians and students of
history need to thoroughly scrutinize these historical sources
to avoid deception and to come up with the historical truth.
The historian should be able to conduct an external and
internal criticism of the source, especially primary sources
which can age in centuries.
External Criticism Internal Criticism
is the practice of verifying is the examination of the
truthfulness of the evidence. It
the authenticity of evidence looks at the content of the source
by examining its physical and examines the circumstance of
characteristics; consistency its production. Internal criticism
with the historical looks at the truthfulness and
characteristic of the time factuality of the evidence by
looking at the author of the
when it was produced; and
source, its context, the agenda
the materials used for the behind its creation, the knowledge
evidence. which informed it, and its
• The task of the historian is to look at the available historical
sources and select the most relevant and meaningful for
history and for the subject matter that he is studying.

• The task of the historian is to organize the past that is being created so that it
can offer lessons for nations, societies, and civilization.

• The task of the historian is to organize the past that is being created so that it
can offer lessons for nations, societies, and civilization. It is the historian's job
to seek for the meaning of recovering the past to let the people see the
continuing relevance of provenance, memory, remembering, and historical
understanding for both the present and the future.
• Philippine historiography underwent several changes since
the precolonial period until the present.

• The perspective of historical writing and inquiry also shifted. The


Spanish colonizers narrated the. history of their colony in a bipartite view
They saw the age before colonization as a dark period in the history of the
islands, until they brought light through Western thought and Christianity.

• They believed that the light would come agan once the colonizers were
evicted from the Philippines.
Filipino historian Zeus Salazar ZEUS SALAZAR
introduced the new guiding
philosophy for writing and
teaching history:

Pantayong pananaw (for us-trom us


perspective). This perspective highlights the
importance of facilitating an internal
conversation and discourse among Filipinos
about our own history, using the language that
is understood by everyone.
THANK
YOU!

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