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Excavation

Excavation involves the marking and digging of soil, which can be done manually or mechanically. Various hazards are associated with excavation, including biological, electrical, and fall hazards, necessitating specific requirements such as permits, checklists, and proper safety measures. Safety audits and risk assessments are crucial for ensuring a safe working environment, identifying unsafe acts and conditions, and implementing necessary precautions.

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8 views4 pages

Excavation

Excavation involves the marking and digging of soil, which can be done manually or mechanically. Various hazards are associated with excavation, including biological, electrical, and fall hazards, necessitating specific requirements such as permits, checklists, and proper safety measures. Safety audits and risk assessments are crucial for ensuring a safe working environment, identifying unsafe acts and conditions, and implementing necessary precautions.

Uploaded by

razaalis143
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Excavation

1. What is Excavation?

Ans: Marking and Digging of soil by man or machinery is called excavations.


 How many types of excavations?

1. Manual: Carried out by hand.


2. Mechanical: Carried out by machine.

2. What is Excavation Hazard?


1. Biological Hazard
2. Electrical Hazard
3. fire hazard.
4. Toxic gases. (H2S, CO, Deficiency of oxygen)
5. Deficiency of Oxygen
6. Fall hazard.
7. Cave in collapse of soil
8. Collapse of side wall.
9. Fall of moving machinery.
10. Falling of material.
11. Underground utilities.
12. Falling objects.
13. Fall Hazards.

Excavations Requirements?
1. Work Permit + Work method statement+ Job safety Analysis + Tool Box Attendance sheet)
2. Excavation checklist
3. Pre-Excavation checklist.
4. Equipment checklist.
5. Area Barricade.
6. Proper PPEs.
7. Sign board be posted.
8. Proper Assess and egress.
9. Proper tools and equipment.
10. Blinking lights should be installed.
11. Flagman.

12. Barricade around the area 1.5 meter away from the edge of excavations.
13. Keep soil material 0.6m – 2ft away from the edge of excavation.
14. Pedestrians barricades to put 1 meter away from excavation.
15. Vehicles hard barricade be placed 2 meter –6.5 ft. away from excavation.
16. Excavations plan needed for 2.4-meter-deep, then structural engineer will make plan for excavation.
(if the soil type will be type B and C, then designed by SAPO and Reviewed by CSD).
17. 6-meter deeper excavation plan is regardless of soil designed by (SAPO) Saudi Aramco
18. Proponent organization reviewed by (CSD) CONSULTANT SERVICE DEPARTEMENT. (6m above ---
CSD+PMT Sign)

The difference between an excavation checklist and a pre-excavation checklist is:

1. Pre-Excavation Checklist: This is completed before starting the excavation work. It ensures
all necessary safety measures, permits, and equipment are in place, such as checking for
underground utilities, verifying soil conditions, and ensuring proper protective systems (e.g.,
trench boxes).
2. Excavation Checklist: This is used during the excavation process to monitor ongoing safety
practices, ensuring that work is being carried out safely, and to verify the stability of the
excavation, proper signage, and the use of personal protective equipment (PPE).

What are the underground utilities colors?


1. Red ---- Electrical cable.
2. Blue ---- communication.
3. Yellow --- Water.
4. Green---- Drainage water.

What is trench?

A narrow excavation the depth is greater the width.

Angles of Soil?

1. Stable rock 90* Natural rock.

2. Type A- (53*) --- cohesive soil or cemented soil, clay & marl.
A
3. Type B (45*) 1:1 -- less cohesive soil: such as mix of sand rock & clay.
4. B
Type C (34*) 1 ½:1 least cohesive soil: such as gravel, sandy, muddy.
C

Methods of Excavation.
(1) Shoring: A technique is used to protect the side of excavations by timber or sheet called Shoring.

(2) Benching: A technique is used to excavate the excavations in steps called benching.

(3) Sloping: A technique is used to excavate the excavations on a specific angle called sloping.

(4) Shielding: A structure able to withstand a cave in and protect employee

Duties & responsibility of safety officer?

Ans:
1. Daily tool box talk.
2. Ensure the permit to work & attachment.
3. Workers training & competency orientations.
4. Ensure the availability of welfare facility. (Water Station, First Aid, Shelter, Ambulance, Toilet)
5. To ensure the safety devices for all equipment.
6. Monitor the unsafe act & unsafe conditions and rectify it.
7. Report all accident, incidents & near misses.
8. Coordinate with constructions team for rectification of non-compliances.
9. Ensure the monthly color coding for tools.
10. Ensure the daily inspections checklists of equipment.

Question: What is Safety?

Freedom from those conditions that can cause of injury to person including death or damage
property.

Question: What is Safety Policy?


Any company has a social and legal obligation to provide safe and working environment to all his
employees.
Question: What is Safety Audit?
A safety audit is a systematic evaluation of an organization's safety practices, policies, and
procedures to identify risks, ensure compliance with regulations, and improve workplace safety.

The safety audit is a process that identifies unsafe-act and unsafe condition.

Question: What is unsafe Act?


An unsafe act is any action or behavior by a person that increases the risk of an accident or injury.

Example: Someone is working without PPE’s


Work on height without safety harness.

Question: What is unsafe Condition?


Physical and environmental factors that increases the risk of accidents or incidents on workplace.
Example: Defective equipment
Improper lifting techniques
Poor House Keeping

Question: What is Risk?


Risk is the probability (Chance) of being harmed by any hazard.
Risk is a combination of Probability and Severity.

Risk = Likelihood x Severity (Probability x severity)

Likelihood: Chance of hazard occurrence.


Severity: The result of hazard.

Question: What Risk Assessment?

It is a systematical method to examine a job.


Risk Assessment steps:
1. Identify the hazards.
2. Decide who might be harmed and how.
3. Evaluate the Risk and decide on the precautions.
4. Record yours finding and implementing them.
5. Review your assessment and update if necessary

Devices in Industry for electrical circuit breaker


 GFCI : Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter
 ELCB: Earth-leak Circuit Breaker
 MCB : Miniature Circuit Breaker

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