3.

Storage devices
and media
By:Teena Sharma
Starter:
Identify the
devices
  Define what is backing up of data?
Objectives  Explain why back up data?
 Data Storage (what is it?)

Introduction  Definition: "Data Storage is where we put data

in a ‘known’ place (Save) which we can come
back to later and get the data back again
(Read)"
 Overview of Data Storage:

 There are some terms that you need to be aware of

Introduction when we talk about data storage:

 Writing of data = Storing data (also known as saving)

 Reading data = Getting our data back (also known as
opening)
Data can either be stored temporary or
permanent.

RAM (computer memory) is used to store

data temporarily
Backing Storage Devices are used to store
data permanently.
 Give answers
1. RAM stores data……………(permanently/ Temporary)
2. Writing of data means…………..
3. Reading of data means ………….
Activity 1 4. Data Storage is where we put data in a ‘known’ place
(Save) which we can come back to later and get the data
back again (Read)"
  Explain why back up data?
Objective
 3.1 Backing up Of Data
WHAT?

▪ Refers to the copying of files/data to a different medium in

3.1.1 what is case of a problem with the main secondary storage deivce
backing up of
data?
There are many ways we can lose computer files. We could accidentally delete
them, files could be infected with a virus or someone could even deliberately
erase our files!

Backing up is considered 'good practice' and helps prevent us from losing

our work and files.
 WHY?

▪ To safeguard against loss of data due to failure of the

original secondary storage device
▪ To safeguard against damage from hackers
▪ Made in case the files need to be used elsewhere
3.1.2 why back
up data?
 Why Backup Data?
There are many reasons why backups are made. Some of the common reasons are
summarised below:
Backups of files should be stored in a different location to
the original.
Activity: Fill In the blank
Activity: Match
the following
HOT
Plenary  List 3 Storage Devices

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Home Work  Revise the topic
3.2 Types of access
field

1 2 3 4 5 6
Car 1 Red 1.5 liters Petrol 3 doors new
1

Car 2 Blue 1.3 liters Petrol 5 doors Used

2
record
Car 3 Green 2.2 liters Diesel 5 doors Used 3
… … … … … …
Car 20 White 1.6 liters Petrol 2 doors New 4

FIELD + RECORD =FILE

 a d
g

i
CD DVD or
Blu-ray Headphones Printer

b
Starter e Sim Card
h
Scanner
Mouse

c f
Keyboard SD Card

USB Stick or
Memory Stick
3.2 Types of access

• Serial Access
• Direct Access
  Start at the beginning of the file and then access in turn
until the required record is found.
 Primarily used on magnetic tape system
 Slow form of data access

3.2.1
Serial access
  When the original magnetic tape (masterfile) needs updating, an
additional tape (transaction file) is required.
 The transaction file contains all the new data that the master file
needs to be updated with

A New tape
produced
Old data from A and
3.2.1 stored on B

Serial access magnetic

tape
B

New data to be
used to update
master file
Serial Access
Where
Serial
Access is
used?
 Used with magnetic disks, optical media and
solid state media.

Computer uses the key field to calculate where

data should be stored.
3.2.2
Direct access
Much faster than with serial access

Used in vital data access speed such as booking

air tickets or automatic stock control
Storage
Devices
and Media
  All systems of the personal computer are equipped with some
form of secondary storage.
 BYTE is used to measure the size of memory or storage.

Storage size Number of bytes Number of bytes as

power of 10
3.3 secondary
103 bytes
storage media 1KB 1000 bytes

1MB 1 000 000 bytes 106 bytes

1GB 1 000 000 000 bytes 109 bytes

1TB 1 000 000 000 000 bytes 1012 bytes

3.3 Storage
Media
  3 types of storage media:
-magnetic
-optical
-solid state
3.3
Storage media
Magnetic Storage Media
Fixed /Internal
HDD
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c
Information
HDD
HDD Parts
Uses of Fixed
HDD
Activity 1
 Uses
• Store operating system, systems software and working data/files
• Store applications software
• Used in real time systems
• Used in file servers for computer networks

Fixed / internal
hard disk
drives Advantages Disadvantages
• Have a very fast • Can be easily damaged
data transfer rate • Have many moving parts
• Have very large • Read/write operation can
memory be quite noisy
capacities
 Uses Advantages Disadvantages
• Can be used as backup • Data access time and • They can be easily
systems systems to data transfer rate is damaged if dropped or
prevent loss of data very fast subjected to a strong
• Can be used to • They have a large magnetic field
transfer memory capacity
data/files/software • They can be used as a
between computers method of transferring
Portable Hard information between

Disk Drives
Magnetic tape
drives and
tapes
Magnetic tape
drives and
tapes
  Depend on the magnetic properties of certain materials
 Coated on the surface of a disk or tape.

3.3.1  Many hard disk drive are made up of more than one disk. These
disks are called platters
Magnetic  Each platter is made from glass, ceramic or aluminum coated in
storage media nickel alloy that can be magnetized.
 In the case of tape, plastic that is coated in a magnetic material is
used to store the data
  Store operating systems, systems software and working
data/files.
Fixed/internal  Storing applications software that needs fast retrieval and storage
hard disk drive of data
(HDD)  Used in real time systems (robots….)
 Used in file servers for computer networks
Fixed/internal They have a very fast data transfer rate
hard disk drive and fast access times to data
(HDD) They have a very large memory
advantages capacities
 Can be easily damaged if not correctly
Fixed/internal shut down
hard disk drive They have many moving parts when
(HDD) compared to SSDs
disadvantages Their read/write operation can be quite
noisy compared to SSDs
Portable Can be used as backup systems to
prevent loss of data
hard disk Used to transfer data/files/software
drives between computers.
 The data access time and data transfer
Portable rate is very fast
hard disk They have large memory capacity
drives They can be used as a method of
advantages transferring information between
computers.
Portable hard
They can be easily damaged if dropped or
disk drives subjected to a strong magnetic field
disadvantages
  In applications where batch processing is used
Magnetic  Used as backup media since all data needs to
be stored
tapes  Used in long-term archiving of data; magnetic
tapes have huge data storage
  Generally less expensive
Magnetic  It is a very robust technology
tapes  They have huge data storage capacity
advantages  The data transfer rate is actually fast
  Very slow data access time
Magnetic
 When updating, another tape is need to store
tapes the final updated version
disadvantages  Affected by magnetic fields
3.3.2 OPTICAL
STORAGE MEDIA
  Laser light is used to read data and to write data on the surface of
the disk.
 The data is stored in pits and bumps on the spiral track.
CD/DVD disks  Can be designated as follows:
❑R- write once only
❑ROM- can only be read
❑RW – can be written to or read from many times
  CD-ROM Store music files, software, computer games and
reference software
CD-ROM and  DVD-ROM have much larger storage and are used to store films

DVD-ROM  CD-ROMs and DVD-ROM are used in applications where there is a

real need to prevent the deletion or overwriting of important data.
CD-ROM and  They hold far more data than floppy disks
DVD-ROM  They are less expensive than HDD systems

advantages
CD-ROM and  The data transfer rate/data access time is
DVD-ROM slower than for hard disks.
disadvantages
  Home recordings of music (CD-R) and films (DVD-R)
CD-R and
 Used to store data to be kept for later use or to be transferred to
DVD-R another computer.
CD-R and  Cheaper than RW disks
DVD-R  Once burned they are like a ROM
advantages
CD-R and  If finalized, CD-R/DVD-R can only be recorded on once
DVD-R  Not all CD/DVD players can CD-R/DVD-R
disadvantages
  Used to record television programs
CD-RW and  Not as wasteful as R format as more files/ data can be added to at
a later stage
DVD-RW
 Used in CCTV systems
CD-RW and Can be written over many times
DVD-RW Can use different file formats each time it
advantages is used
CD-RW and Can be relatively expensive
DVD-RW It is possible to accidentally overwrite
disadvantages data
 Used in recording devices
DVD-RAM
Used in camcorders
  Have long life
 Possible to do a rewrite operation over 100 000
times
 Writing on DVD-RAMs is very reliable
DVD-RAM  Very fast access
advantages
 No need to finalize
 Large capacity
 Offer the ability to read data the same time as
data being written
  Not as compatible as R or RW format
DVD-RAM  Relatively expensive
disadvantages
 Have been superseded by newer technologies
  A blue laser, rather than red, is used to carry out read and write
operations
BLU-RAY
 Using blue laser light means pits and bumps can be much smaller
DISCS  Uses a singal 1.1mm-thick polycarbonate disk
DIFFERENCES  Using two sandwiched layers can cause birefringence
WITH DVDs  Blue-ray discs automatically come with a secure encryption
system
  Used in home video consoles
BLU-RAY  Storing and playing back movies

DISCS  PCs can use this tech for data storage or backing up hard drives
 Camcorders can use this media to store movie footage
  Very large storage capacity, therefore ideal for storing high-def
movies
BLU-RAY  Very fast data transfer
DISCS  Data access speed is l=also greater than with other optical media
advantages  Blu-ray discs automatically come with a secure encryption system
BLU-RAY  Relatively expensive
 Encryption problems
DISCS
 Fewer movie titles on Blu-ray format, which is reducing its impact
disadvantages on the home movie market
  Taking over HDDs
SSD  Include: memory sticks/pen drives, flash memory cards