This international standard was developed in accordance with internationally recognized principles on standardization established in the Decision on Principles

for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.

Designation: C1138M − 19

Standard Test Method for

Abrasion Resistance of Concrete (Underwater Method)1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation C1138M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of
original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A
superscript epsilon (´) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

1. Scope* 2. Referenced Documents

1.1 This test method covers a procedure for determining the 2.1 ASTM Standards:3
relative resistance of concrete (including concrete overlays and C42/C42M Test Method for Obtaining and Testing Drilled
impregnated concrete) to abrasion under water (see Note 1). Cores and Sawed Beams of Concrete
This procedure simulates the abrasive action of waterborne C125 Terminology Relating to Concrete and Concrete Ag-
particles (silt, sand, gravel, and other solids). gregates
C418 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Concrete by
NOTE 1—Other procedures are available for measuring abrasion resis- Sandblasting
tance of concrete surfaces not under water. These include Test Methods
C418, C779/C779M, and C944/C944M. C642 Test Method for Density, Absorption, and Voids in
Hardened Concrete
1.2 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as C670 Practice for Preparing Precision and Bias Statements
standard. No other units of measurement are included in this for Test Methods for Construction Materials
standard.
iTeh Standards
C779/C779M Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Hori-
1.3 The text of this standard references notes and footnotes zontal Concrete Surfaces
that provide explanatory material. These notes and footnotes C944/C944M Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Con-
(https://standards.iteh.ai)
(excluding those in tables and figures) shall not be considered
as requirements of this standard.
crete or Mortar Surfaces by the Rotating-Cutter Method
E18 Test Methods for Rockwell Hardness of Metallic Ma-

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to address all of the Preview
terials
1.4 This standard does not purport
safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the 3. Terminology
responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro-
priate safety, health, and environmental practicesASTM 3.1 For definitions of terms used in this standard, refer to
C1138M-19
and deter-
mine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. Terminology C125.
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(Warning—Fresh hydraulic cementitious mixtures are caustic
and may cause chemical burns to skin and tissue upon 4. Significance and Use
prolonged exposure.2) 4.1 This test method is intended to qualitatively simulate the
1.5 This international standard was developed in accor- behavior of swirling water containing suspended and trans-
dance with internationally recognized principles on standard- ported solid objects that produce abrasion of concrete and
ization established in the Decision on Principles for the cause potholes and related effects.
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recom-
mendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical 4.2 This test method should provide a relative evaluation of
Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee. the resistance of concrete to such action.
4.3 The results are expected to be useful in selection of
materials, mixtures, and construction practices for use where
1
This test method is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee C09 on such action is to be expected.
Concrete and Concrete Aggregates and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee
C09.62 on Abrasion Testing.
Current edition approved Oct. 1, 2019. Published November 2019. Originally
3
approved in 1989. Last previous edition approved in 2012 as C1138M–12. DOI: For referenced ASTM standards, visit the ASTM website, www.astm.org, or
10.1520/C1138M-19. contact ASTM Customer Service at [email protected]. For Annual Book of ASTM
2
Section on Safety Precautions, Manual of Aggregate and Concrete Testing, Standards volume information, refer to the standard’s Document Summary page on
Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 04.02. the ASTM website.

*A Summary of Changes section appears at the end of this standard

Copyright © ASTM International, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, PO Box C700, West Conshohocken, PA 19428-2959. United States

1
 C1138M − 19
4.4 The test method is not intended to provide a quantitative 5.5 Scales—A platform scale having a capacity of at least 45
measurement of the length of service that may be expected kg (100 lb) or more and accurate to within at least 5.0 g (0.01
from a specific concrete. lb) at any point within the range used in this test shall be used.
The scale shall be equipped with a suitable apparatus for
5. Apparatus suspending the sample in its container in water from the center
5.1 Rotating Device—A drill press or similar device with a of the weighing platform.
chuck capable of holding and rotating the agitation paddle 5.6 Weighing Basket—A wire basket or other suitable sup-
under test conditions at a speed of 1200 6 100 rpm shall be port shall be provided for weighing the specimen in water. The
used. weighing basket shall be constructed to prevent entrapping air
5.2 Test Container—A steel pipe, 305 6 6-mm (12 6 1⁄4-in.) when it and the specimen are submerged.
inside diameter by 450 6 25-mm (18 6 1-in.) high, fitted with
5.7 Water Tank—A suitable watertight tank into which the
a watertight steel base shall be used (see Fig. 1).
basket and the specimen can be suspended below the scale
5.3 Agitation Paddle—The agitation paddle shall be as shall be furnished.
shown in Fig. 2.
5.8 Seating Block—A minimum of three steel blocks 25 by
5.4 Abrasive Charges—Seventy grade 1000 chrome steel 25 by 25 mm (1 by 1 by 1 in.) shall be used to support the
grinding balls with nominal sizes as specified in Table 1 shall specimen.
be used. The steel of which the balls are made shall have a
Rockwell C-scale hardness of 65 6 5 as determined by Test 6. Test Specimens
Methods E18. The balls shall have a smooth texture and no
apparent mold seam (see Note 2). 6.1 The test specimen shall be cylindrical in shape, having
a diameter approximately 6-mm (1⁄4-in.) less than that of the
NOTE 2—An abrasive charge meeting the requirements of Table 1 will inside diameter of the test container and a height of 100 6 13
have a mass of approximately 1530 to 1900 g (3.8 to 4.2 lb). When the
mass of the charge approaches the lower limit, replace the undersize or mm (4 6 1⁄2 in.). It may be molded from freshly mixed
underweight balls not complying with Table 1. concrete or cored from hardened concrete (see Note 3). Cores
iTeh Standards shall be taken in accordance with Methods C42/C42M.
NOTE 3—Specimens should be tested at an age appropriate for the
(https://standards.iteh.ai) material being evaluated. Most testing done to date has been done at 28
days. Concretes containing pozzolans should be tested at an age that
allows development of appropriate strength. Toppings and impregnated
Document Preview concretes should be tested at an age appropriate for the material and in
compliance with the manufacturer’s recommendations. The appropriate
testing age may also depend upon when the concrete will be put into
service.
ASTM C1138M-19 6.2 If the specimen has a membrane curing compound on
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the surface, remove it completely by steel wire brushing prior
to the soaking period.
6.3 Soak the specimen in lime-saturated water or in the
water to which the concrete shall be subjected in service for a
minimum of 48 h prior to testing.
6.4 Determine the average diameter of the top surface of the
specimen to be tested to the nearest 2 mm (1⁄16 in.) by
averaging two diameters measured at right angles to each other.
This average diameter shall be used in calculating the top
surface area.
6.5 Surface dry the specimen. Determine and record the
mass in air to the nearest 25.0 g (0.05 lb). Determine and
record the apparent mass of the specimen immersed in water to
the nearest 25.0 g (0.05 lb). The procedure of Test Method
C642 shall be followed using water at 23 6 1.7 °C (73.4 6 3
°F) having a density of 997 6 2 kg/m3. Remove all entrapped
air by shaking the specimen while it is immersed in the water
for weighing.

7. Procedure
7.1 Place the specimen in the test container with the surface
FIG. 1 Test Apparatus to be tested facing up and the seating blocks in place.