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MTL122 Tut 1

This document is a tutorial sheet for a Real and Complex Analysis course, detailing various mathematical problems related to norms, metric spaces, and p-adic numbers. It includes proofs and properties of non-Archimedean norms, the concept of diameter in metric spaces, and the equivalence of different norms. The problems are designed to deepen understanding of these concepts in the context of analysis.

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24 views1 page

MTL122 Tut 1

This document is a tutorial sheet for a Real and Complex Analysis course, detailing various mathematical problems related to norms, metric spaces, and p-adic numbers. It includes proofs and properties of non-Archimedean norms, the concept of diameter in metric spaces, and the equivalence of different norms. The problems are designed to deepen understanding of these concepts in the context of analysis.

Uploaded by

Ayush
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MTL 122 Real and Complex Analysis

Semester-II, 2024-2025
Tutorial Sheet 1

1. Let |.| be a norm on a field K. Prove that the following statements are equivalent:
(a) |.| is non-Archimedean.
(b) |n.1K | ≤ 1 for every integer n.
Further deduce, the norm |.| is Archimedean if and only if sup{|n| : n ∈ Z} = +∞ .
2. Prove that if |.| is a non-Archimedean norm, then |.|α is also a non-Archimedean norm for any α > 0.
3. Let p be a prime number. Show that if x ∈ Q and the p-adic norm |x|p ≤ 1 then for any i there exists
an integer a ∈ Z such that |a − x|p ≤ pi . The integer a can be chosen in the set {0, 1, 2, · · · , p − 1}
and is unique if chosen in this range.
4. Let K be a field and let |.| be a non-Archimedean absolute value on K. If x, y ∈ K and |x| ̸= |y|
then |x + y| = max{|x|, |y|}. Further deduce, in K all triangles are isosceles.

5. On Q, with the 5-adic metric, consider the triangle whose vertices are x = 2/15, y = 1/5, z = 7/15.
Compute the lengths of the three sides.
6. Let 1 ≤ p < q ≤ ∞, show that ℓp ⊊ ℓq and that for all x ∈ ℓp , |x|q ≤ |x|p .
7. Let (X, d) be a metric space and A be two non-empty subsets of X. We define the diameter of A,
denoted by diam(A) := supx,y∈A d(x, y). We say, A is bounded is diam(A) < ∞.
(a) Show that for a non-empty set A of X, diam(A) = 0 if and only if A is a singleton set.
(b) In the space (ℓ2 , d), consider the set Y = {e1 , e2 , · · · }, where en denotes the sequences all of
whose terms are equal to 0 except the n-th term which is 1. Show that Y is bounded and find
its diameter.

8. Let (X, d) be a metric space and A, B be two non-empty subsets of X. We define the distance
between the sets A, B in X, denoted by d(A, B), as

d(A, B) := inf d(a, b)


a∈A,b∈B

(a) If A ∩ B ̸= ∅, then show that d(A, B) = 0. If d(A, B) = 0, then can we say that A ∩ B ̸= ∅?
(b) For x, y ∈ X and A a non-empty subset of X, show that |d(x, A) − d(y, A)| ≤ d(x, y).

9. We say two metrics d1 and d2 on a field K are equivalent if a sequence is Cauchy with respect to
d1 if and only if it is Cauchy with respect to d2 . We say that two norms |.|1 and |.|2 are equivalent
(|.|1 ∼ |.|2 ) if they induce equivalent metrics.
Show that if |.|1 is equivalent to |.|2 on a field K and |.|1 is trivial then so is |.|2 .
10. Prove that if |.|1 is equivalent to |.|2 on a field K then show the following:
(a) |x|1 < 1 if and only if |x|2 < 1
(b) |x|1 > 1 if and only if |x|2 > 1
(c) |x|1 = 1 if and only if |x|2 = 1
11. Let |.|1 and |.|2 be two norms on a field K. Show that |.|1 is equivalent to |.|2 if and only if there
exists a positive real number α such that |x|2 = |x|α
1 for all x ∈ K.

12. Show that |x|α , α > 0, is a norm on Q if and only if α ≤ 1. In that case it is equivalent to the usual
norm |.| on Q.

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