TECHNICAL REQUIREMENT FOR

GEOLOGICAL SURVEYING WORK

IN FEASIBILITY STUDY STAGE

2025.02.14
CONTRACT FOR TECHNICAL REQUIREMENT SOIL INVESTINGATION

Table of Contents

1 SUMMARY .......................................................................................................................................... 2
1.1 GENERAL............................................................................................................................................... 2
1.2 SCOPE AND PURPOSE OF WORKS ............................................................................................... 2
2 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS....................................................................................................... 3

2.1 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................... 3

2.1 BORING ........................................................................................................................................... 3

2.2 RECORD OF DRILLING EQUIPMENT ......................................................................................... 4

2.3 DRILLING OBSERVATIONS AND BLASTING ........................................................................... 4

2.4 BACKFILLING OF BOREHOLES ................................................................................................. 5

2.5 TERMINATION OF EXPLORATORY HOLES ............................................................................. 5

3 SAMPLING ......................................................................................................................................... 5
3.1 SAMPLES ............................................................................................................................................... 5
3.2 PRESERVATION AND STORAGE OF SAMPLES .......................................................................... 5
3.3 SUBMISSION OF SAMPLES .............................................................................................................. 6
4 IN SITU FIELD TEST ......................................................................................................................... 6
4.1 STANDARD PENETRATION TESTS (SPT) ..................................................................................... 6
4.2 RESISTIVITY TEST OF SOIL ............................................................................................................. 7
4.3 DYNAMIC PENETRATION TEST (DPT) ........................................................................................... 9
4.4 CONE PENETRATION TEST (CPT) .................................................................................................. 9
5 LABORATORY TESTING OF SAMPLES ..................................................................................... 10
5.1 TESTS ................................................................................................................................................... 10
5.2 ON SAMPLES..................................................................................................................................... 10
5.3 LABORATORY REPORT ................................................................................................................... 12
6 RECORDS AND REPORTS ............................................................................................................ 12

7 SITE SERVICE ................................................................................................................................. 14

7.1 FOUNDATION SOIL CHECKING ..................................................................................................... 14
7.2 COOPERATION WITH TECHNICAL SUPERVISION BY MONGOLIA AUTHORITIES .......... 14
7.3 COMPACT TEST OF BACKING FILL .............................................................................................. 15

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CONTRACT FOR TECHNICAL REQUIREMENT SOIL INVESTINGATION

1 SUMMARY
1.1 General
Through engineering geological mapping, drilling, pit prospecting, geophysical
testing, indoor and in-situ testing, etc., the stability and suitability of the proposed site,
topography, stratigraphic lithology, geological structure, karst and hydrogeological
conditions, poor Physical geological effects, earthquakes and earthquake effects, etc.
Identify the basic geotechnical conditions and various geotechnical property index
values. In view of the existing engineering geological problems, suggestions for
foundation design, foundation treatment and prevention are proposed.
1.2 Scope and Purpose of Works
The project includes two parts: photovoltaic area and booster station.

The quantities of boreholes, in-situ testing, soil electrical resistivity and

laboratory soil are presented in the following table.

Items Unit Qty.

5m depth hole hole 3

Drilling
10m depth hole hole 1
Collection of soil samples group 4
Soil resistivity Point 4
Thermal Resistivity Test Point 4
PV Area In-situ test SPT test hole 2
Test pit hole 1
Ordinary physical & mechanical test Group 2
Laboratory test Simple chemical analysis on water Group 1
Simple chemical analysis on soil Group 1
Comprehensive geological report book 1

10m depth hole in substation hole 1

Drilling
15m depth hole in substation hole 1

Collection of soil samples Group 4

Soil resistivity point 1
Thermal Resistivity Test Point 1
SS Area In-situ test SPT test hole 2
Testpit hole 0
Ordinary physical & mechanical test Group 2
Laboratory test Simple chemical analysis on water Group 2
Simple chemical analysis on soil Group 2
Comprehensive geological report book 1

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CONTRACT FOR TECHNICAL REQUIREMENT SOIL INVESTINGATION

Perform SPT test interval 1.0 m within 10m, and 1.5m below 10m, if SPT is
not applicable, DPT test with interval 2.0 m could adopted. To identify the
subsurface conditions for the foundation and select the appropriate foundation
type.

Each soil layer in each boreholes shall have 1 samples. the quantity may
vary according to the site condition.

2 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
2.1 REFERENCES
The applicable codes and standards shall be EN standards. The work shall
be generally in accordance with the relevant BS 5930 & BS 1377 and general
practices.Where it is not available, an internationally accepted standard will be
used to the approval of Owner.The ASTM standards or codes including but not
limit to the following codes :

a) ASTM standards

b) IEEE Std 81:2012

2.1 Boring
Following contents shall be suitable for advancing the boreholes in earth
condition and aquatic condition. The stages or vessel shall be used when
advancing boreholes in aquatic condition.

1) Depth of Boring
The number and location of boreholes shown on the Drawing are provisional.
The Employer may vary the quantities and it shall be understood that the variation
shall not affect the Total Contract Price. The depths of boring and drilling may be
varied as directed by the Engineer depending on the results obtained.
a) PV area
The dune leveling area needs to be surveyed after the plant area is leveled
according to layered rolling. Generally, the normal depth of the borehole is 5m, and
the controlled borehole depth is 10m or 3m enter into bedrock；
b) SS area
The dune leveling area needs to be surveyed after the plant area is leveled
according to layered rolling. Generally, the normal depth of the borehole is 10m,
and the controlled borehole depth is 15m or 3m enter into bedrock ；

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CONTRACT FOR TECHNICAL REQUIREMENT SOIL INVESTINGATION

2) Drilling Method
The methods and equipment used shall be such that;

a) The soils encountered and the levels of strata boundaries can be accurately
identified;

b) Truly representative undisturbed samples can be recovered from any depth in

the borehole, and;

c) All in-situ tests referred to in the Specifications can be undertaken and field
installations incorporated at any depth in the borehole.

Drilling shall be carried out in such a manner and using such sizes of bits
including any required modification to the drill bit, such that the maximum amount
of core is recovered. This requires close surveillance of drilling fluid, drilling
pressures, lengths of runs and all other factors relevant to the nature of the
material being drilled.
The core barrel shall be withdrawn and the core removed as often as may be
necessary to secure the maximum possible amount of core.
The Contractor shall in general use no drilling lubricants in the borehole other
than clean water, air or air with an approved drilling foam additive. Additives shall
only be used in the flushing medium upon approval by the Engineer.
2.2 Record of Drilling Equipment
On the daily record sheet the driller shall record the type of core barrel used
and the type of coring bit used. This information shall be recorded for each core
run.
2.3 Drilling Observations and Blasting
It shall be the Contractor's responsibility when boulders or other obstacles are
encountered to advance the boreholes through or past such obstacles or, if
directed by the Engineer, to core the obstacles to determine its size and character.
Blasting shall be used only as approved by the Engineer and only after it has
been shown that the obstruction cannot be removed by conventional methods.
Before blasting, the casing shall be withdrawn a distance sufficient to avoid
damage.
The Contractor shall obtain all necessary permits and shall comply with all
laws, rules, regulations and ordinances governing blasting operations in the locality
of the work.
The Contractor shall exercise all necessary precautions and shall be solely
responsible for all damages caused by the blasting.

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CONTRACT FOR TECHNICAL REQUIREMENT SOIL INVESTINGATION

2.4 Backfilling of Boreholes

Boreholes shall be backfilled as soon as practicable after the hole is
completed, unless otherwise directed by the Engineer. The Contractor shall backfill
and compact all boreholes in such manner and using such materials that no
subsequent depression is formed at the ground surface due to settlement of the
backfill.
2.5 Termination of Exploratory Holes
The termination of each exploratory hole (borehole) will be decided by the
Engineer when he is satisfied that no further useful information will be gained by
extending the hole.
The Contractor shall inform the Engineer immediately on reaching the
purposed depth directed by the Engineer.
3 SAMPLING
3.1 Samples
Samples using ordinary drive split barrel samplers shall be taken at the intervals
specified and at any point where material changes in character or as directed by
the Engineer.
Using excavated 1.5m × 3.0m × 1.5m (length × depth × width) shallow test
pits, take 1 group samples in the test pits of typical geological sections.
3.2 Preservation and Storage of Samples
1) Samples
Representative specimens of undisturbed samples and of each split barrel tube
sample shall be preserved in air tight plastic bag immediately after being recovered.
They shall be marked with a job number (provided by the Engineer), the date, the
boreholes and sample numbers, the depth or elevation and the blow count. A label
shall then be affixed to the bags. The samples shall be consecutively placed
according to depth in protective boxes which shall be clearly marked to indicate
their contents. The boxes shall be safely stored by the Contractor for shipment as
directed by the Engineer.
2) Photographic Record of Soil Sample
The Contractor shall provide a camera of reasonable quality for the purpose of
taking photographs for all Standard Penetration Test samples with the split tube
sampler split into its respective halves and placed side by side, together with
Borehole and Standard Penetration Test number identification.
The Contractor shall bear the costs of providing the film, development of film,
printing six (6) copies of each exposure in 3R size and documenting photographs
in suitable albums. The photographs shall be mounted in the Final Soil

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CONTRACT FOR TECHNICAL REQUIREMENT SOIL INVESTINGATION

Investigation Report to be submitted by the Contractor.

The negatives of the photographs shall be the property of the Employer and no
prints from these negatives may be supplied to any person or persons except with
the approval of the Engineer. A suitably typed caption shall be affixed to the
reverse side of each photograph describing the subject and the time at which it
was taken. One copy of the photograph shall be signed by the Contractor and the
Engineer.
3.3 Submission of Samples
During the Period of the Works or upon completion of the sub-surface
exploration or when directed by the Engineer, the Contractor shall prepare
selected specimens for shipment. They shall be properly and carefully packed in a
shock resistant manner to avoid breakage or undisturbance during shipment.
The boxes shall be clearly and legibly marked for shipment to an approved
Local Testing Laboratory or to other destinations as directed by the Engineer. The
crated samples shall be shipped by express, with all transportation costs prepaid
by the Contractor.
Information on the label shall include :
a) Contract title;

b) Date of sampling;

c) Borehole or Exploratory Hole Reference No.;

d) Sample Reference Number;

e) Depth of Sample (including top and bottom of sample).

4 IN SITU FIELD TEST

4.1 Standard Penetration Tests (SPT)
The hole of SPT adopts the rotary drilling. When the bore drills to 15cm above
the scale height of test, should clean up the rudimental soil at the bottom of hole
then do the test, and prevent the sand blow in and collapse in holes.
Adopts automatic falling system, and reduces the friction resistance between the
guide pegs and hammers.
When hammering, should avoid waving eccentrically and laterally, and the
speed of hammering should be below 30beats/min. The number of blows required
to drive the sampler through the first 150mm (6 inches) which isn’t noted and
subsequent 300mm(12 inches) are noted at 100mm interval. If number of blows
exceed 50 for penetration within 300mm, the test is discontinued and considered

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CONTRACT FOR TECHNICAL REQUIREMENT SOIL INVESTINGATION

as “Refusal”.
Besides the detailed description for the sampling in the penetration, keep
them to do the laboratory analysis.
Standard Penetration Tests shall be carried out in conjunction with the
sampling by split barrel sampler. When obtaining continuous samples, standard
penetration tests shall also be carried out at 1.0m intervals or as directed by the
Engineer. The equipment and method for carrying out the tests shall be as
described in Test 19 - B.S. 1377 : 1975 except that only self tripping hammer of an
approved type shall be used. The maximum resistance required to be measured is
when an execution of 50 blows causes a penetration of 300mm or less.
The value of N as defined in the BS Standard Method shall be reported
together with number of blow counts for each 75 mm penetration of the sampling
tube in bracket. The blow counts for the first 150 mm penetration (the seating drive)
which do not contribute to the value of N shall be included in the bracket. For
example N=42 (2, 3, 6, 7, 10, 19) .
4.2 Resistivity Test of Soil
The electrical resistivity test points are shown in the figure 1 .
a) There are 4 resistivity test points in the PV plant area and 1 in the step-up
substation.
b) The depth when measuring soil resistivity shall be 0.5 m, 1.0 m, 1.5 m, 2.0 m,
3.0m, 5.0 m, 10.0 m, 25m, 40m, 65m, 100m,150m and 200m. Soil resistivity
stratification value of each layer shall be provided.
c) When measuring soil resistivity, it shall be avoided after rain, and it shall be
measured after three consecutive sunny days.
d) The soil resistivity shall be measured according to specifical requirement of
IEEE Std 81:2012.
e) The measuring method is symmetrical quadrupole electric sounding of direct
current exploration. Simultaneous movement device is adopted (that is,
simultaneous movement of the power supply pole distance and the measuring pole
distance), and the test principle is shown in figure 2. The depth of current electrode
is 0.2m, and the depth of voltage electrode is 0.1m.

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CONTRACT FOR TECHNICAL REQUIREMENT SOIL INVESTINGATION

Figura 1. symmetrical quadrupole electric sounding

ρ1, ρ2, ρ3, ρ4, - Resistivity of each layer
H1, H2, H3,- depth of each layer
A1, B1, A2, B2, A3, B3 – position of supply electrode
M, N- position of measure electrode
The polar distance is shown in the table 2.
Table 2 polar distance

power supply pole measuring pole distance Factor of device

No
distance AB/2 （m） MN/2 （m） K（m）
1 1.5 0.5 6.28
2 2.5 0.83 10.52
3 4.0 1.33 16.81
4 6.5 2.17 27.18
5 10.0 3.33 41.95
6 15.0 5.0 62.84
7 25.0 8.33 104.79
8 40.0 13.33 167.61
9 65.0 21.67 272.27
10 100.0 33.33 419.00
11 150.0 50.0 628.37
12 200.0 66.66 839
13 250.0 83.33 1047.3
14 400.0 133.33 1675.7
15 500.0 167.67 2093.3
16 650.0 216.67 2723.0

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CONTRACT FOR TECHNICAL REQUIREMENT SOIL INVESTINGATION

4.3 Thermal Resistivity Test of Soil

Thermal measurements of soils and calculation of thermal resistance is needed.
Appliance Features of equipment and methods for production of thermal
measurements of soil in field conditions :
-determination of thermal conductivity and calculation of thermal resistance on its
basis in the shortest possible time,
-informative graphic display and easy-to-understand menu for convenient selection
of measurement modes and analysis of results.
-with the installation of an autonomous power supply unit (optional).
-allows to conduct tests outside the laboratory in the absence of mains power
supply.
-High accuracy and wide measuring range.
The works on measurement and determination of thermal properties of soils at the
investigated object were performed at depths: from 0.5m to 2.5m. The device with
a needle probe was used as a soil thermal conductivity meter.
Requirement Information about the results of determining the thermal properties of
soils is given below :

Thermal Volumetric
Depth Thermal Ground
No Diffusion Heat
(m) Conductivity Temperature
(a.10) Capacity(cf.10)
0.5
1.0
1 1.5
2
2.5
…… …… …… …… …… ……

4.4 Dynamic probing test (DPT)

The hole of SPT adopts the rotary drilling. Adopts automatic falling system, and
reduces the friction resistance between the guide pegs and hammers.
When hammering, should avoid waving eccentrically and laterally, and the speed
of hammering should be below 30beats/min.
If the soil is very hard, DPT could be adopted.

4.5 Cone Penetration Test (CPT)

Cone penetration tests shall be carried out to obtain the friction resistance value

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CONTRACT FOR TECHNICAL REQUIREMENT SOIL INVESTINGATION

and end bearing resistance value for pile.

Preborings to overpass obstacles shall be drilled in case refusal is found.
Tests shall be carried out in accordance with EN ISO 22476-1.

5 LABORATORY TESTING OF SAMPLES

The following items are specifically applicable to the operation.
5.1 Tests
In general, the contractor will have to choose and determine the type and
number of laboratory tests to be performed in order to obtain all the data required
to comply with the results and recommendations to the soil report.
The continuous, undisturbed samples taken from the site investigation and
prepared shall be delivered to a laboratory which is approved by the Engineer for
Laboratory Tests as stated in this Section of these Specifications.
Laboratory testing on samples shall be as directed and supervised by the Engineer.
Only those tests so directed shall be certified for payment.
5.2 On Samples
5.2.1 Soil Mechanical Properties (including backfill)
•soil classification, including sample description;
•wet and dry volume weight, and water content; void ratio (on all undisturbed
samples)
•grain size distribution, including silt content; (by sieve analysis on all undisturbed
samples and approximately 30% of SPT samples)
•Atterberg limits (plasticity index); (on all undisturbed samples and approximately
30% of SPT samples)
•angle of internal friction and cohesion, including stress/strain characteristics; (on
all undisturbed samples)
Direct shear test on soil sample (on all undisturbed samples)
Oedometer compressibility Test

5.2.2 Chemical Analysis of Groundwater and Soils

The following analyses should be performed on groundwater and soil/rock
samples in order to ascertain the aggressiveness of the soil/rock towards concrete,
steel and other buried items.
1) Groundwater (if any within 10m from ground level)
The analysis shall include determination of the following:
•pH value;
•Concentration of free carbon dioxide (CO2) in (mg/L);

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CONTRACT FOR TECHNICAL REQUIREMENT SOIL INVESTINGATION

•Concentration of sulphates (SO2-4 )in mg/L;

•Concentration of chlorides (Cl - )in mg/L ;
•Concentration of magnesium (Mg2+ )in mg/L ;
•Concentration of ammonium (NH4+) in mg/L;
2) Soils (including weathered rock, etc.)
The analysis shall include determination of the following:
•Acidity of soil expressed as a Bauman-Gully number;
•Magnesium content (Mg2+ ) in mg/kg;
•Ammonium content (NH4+ ) in mg/kg;
•Sulphate content (SO2-4) in mg/kg;
•Chloride content (Cl - ) in mg/kg;
•Gypsum content (CaSO4 ) in mg/kg;

5.2.3 Testing of Rock Samples

If rock layer is encountered, the following parameter should be supplied:
1) General Properties
Depending on the purpose of the investigation, the laboratory testing program shall
include the following as a minimum:
density
water content
mineralogical and petrological composition
porosity
solvability
corrosivity

2) Strength Properties
Strength properties shall be determined by compression test, point load test, etc.
3) Weatherability
As an indication of the weatherability of the rock the aggregate durability index
shall be determined.
It is expressed as a percentage and can vary from 0% for a rock which
disintegrates completely, up to 100% for rock in which no disintegration occurs.
4) Other Properties
In addition to establishing the general properties, it may be necessary also to
determine the following characteristics:
•The strength characteristics of the rock in its various degrees of weathering just
as it exists on the site (the relationship of the stress, cohesion, angle of internal

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CONTRACT FOR TECHNICAL REQUIREMENT SOIL INVESTINGATION

friction, hardness and other characteristics of the rock to the mineralogical

alteration degree is important to the understanding of the rock mass properties).
•The rock deformability characteristics in its various degrees of weathering,
including deformability characterization under short and long term loading.
All tests shall be performed in accordance with the orientation of the rock layers or
minerals.
5.3 Laboratory Report
One translucent in reproducible form and six reproduced copies of the Laboratory
Test Report with form design previously approved by the Engineer shall be
prepared for approve.
One copy of all recordings and computation of Laboratory tests shall be submitted
to the Engineer before the finished Laboratory Test Report is prepared.
6 RECORDS AND REPORTS
The final documentation shall be included as follow:
General information about the field investigation, including equipment, methods,
personnel, comments.
General data:
Project references (Owner, Contractor, Project Name)
Subcontractor’s name
Reference number, coordinates, ground elevation
Dates of exploration referred to depths at end of each working day
Equipment in use
Name(s) of responsible personnel

Site Conditions:
Site geology, General description
Potential geology hazards
Site surface description
Description of aboveground obstructions
Subsurface Conditions:
Stratigraphy distribution
General description of subsurface material properties
Groundwater elevations and expected variations;
Description of underground obstructions encountered or otherwise identified
Corrosion potential for underground utilities
Chemical attack potential for concrete ,steel and underground utilities

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Seismic Analysis:
Seismicity based on seismic risk map
Soil profile type and site coefficients
Site classification
Seismicity parameters based on ASCE 7-05 and local codes

Electrical resistivity test and thermal resistivity test:

Electrical Resistivity Test value for different depths
Thermal Resistivity Test Value for different depths

For each borehole, trial pit, as applicable, logs drawn to vertical scale, showing:
For boreholes:
Borehole diameter, stability, casing and drilling fluid used
Type and diameter of bit used
Depth to and elevation of each change in stratum
Geotechnical description of each stratum and geological formation
Legend of stratigraphy, using standard symbols
Label, depth and details of samples
Label, depth details and results of all in situ tests
Groundwater observations
Details of backfilling or instrumentation installation, in particular

For each trial pit:

Trial pit dimensions and wall stability ;
Geotechnical description of each stratum and geological formation ;
Label, depth and details of samples ;
Legend of stratigraphy, using standard symbols ;
Label, depth and details and results of all in situ tests ;
Details of backfilling ;

For laboratory tests, summaries and detailed reports:

The Report shall include a copy of the calibration certificates for all
instrumentation used, together with all other information related to unusual events
observed during the investigation or anyhow useful for a better understanding of
the results of the tests carried out in light of the characteristics of the encountered
soil layers.
In order to enable independent checking of geophysical tests and of their

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interpretation, all original data must be supplied form in a defined format to the
approval of Contractor.

Engineering Analysis and Geotechnical Recommendation

General observation opinion
Design for soil improvement measures for special soil
Driveability of pile
Bearing capacity for shallow foundation
Side resistance, end resistance and bearing capacity for possible pile types
Load-Settlement curves
Potential of Liquefaction study
Suitability of the soils to be used as structural filling material and non structural
filling material
Collapsible soil (if any) provides self weight collapse coefficient, non self weight
collapse coefficient, and initial collapse pressure, evaluate the level of collapsibility.
Swelling soil (if any) provides swelling coefficient, evaluate the level of swelling.
Frozen soil depth
Suggested foundation soil treatment measures and foundation types
Any Other topics as necessary

The Contractor have acknowledged and confirmed the sufficiency of above Final
Report in compliance with the applicable regulations of Local codes. Therefore, the
Contractor shall be liable to submit the Final Report to the authorized Government
Authorities and related consult agent for approval at his own cost as per the Time
Schedule.

7 SITE SERVICE
The Site Service include the following:
7.1 Foundation soil checking
The contractor shall be responsible for the foundation soil checking. And the
Employer will send a notice to the contractor 1 days before the checking time, and
the contractor shall dispatch his technician to the site in time.
7.2 Cooperation with Technical Supervision by local authorities
The Contractor shall cooperate with technical supervision by local authorities
related to his work. The Contractor shall dispatch his technician to the site in time
once requested by the Employer.

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7.3 Compact test of backing fill

If requested by the Employer, the Contractor shall carry out the compact test for
backing fill.

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