CHAPTER-9 CIRCLES

Exercise 9.1

Question 1: Recall that two circles are congruent if they have the same radii. Prove that
equal chords of congruent circles subtend equal angles at their centres.

Solution: A circle is a collection of points which are equidistant from a fixed point. This
fixed point is called as the centre of the circle and this equal distance is called as radius of the
circle. And thus, the shape of a circle depends on its radius. Therefore, it can be observed that
if we try to superimpose two circles of equal radius, then both circles will cover each other.
Therefore, two circles are congruent if they have equal radius.

Consider two congruent circles having centre O and O' and two chords AB and CD of equal
lengths.

In ΔAOB and ΔCO'D,

AB = CD (Chords of same length)

OA = O'C (Radii of congruent circles)

OB = O'D (Radii of congruent circles)

∴ ΔAOB ≅ ΔCO'D (SSS congruence rule)

⇒ ∠AOB = ∠CO'D (By CPCT)

Hence, equal chords of congruent circles subtend equal angles at their centres.

Question 2: Prove that if chords of congruent circles subtend equal angles at their
centres, then the chords are equal.

Solution: Let us consider two congruent circles (circles of same radius) with centres as O
and O'.

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In ΔAOB and ΔCO'D,

∠AOB = ∠CO'D (Given)

OA = O'C (Radii of congruent circles)

OB = O'D (Radii of congruent circles)

∴ ΔAOB ≅ ΔCO'D (SSS congruence rule)

⇒ AB = CD (By CPCT)

Hence, if chords of congruent circles subtend equal angles at their centres, then the chords are
equal.

Exercise 9.2

Question 1: Two circles of radii 5 cm and 3 cm intersect at two points and the distance
between their centres is 4 cm. Find the length of the common chord.

Solution: Let the radius of the circle centered at O and O' be 5 cm and 3 cm respectively.

OA = OB = 5 cm

O'A = O'B = 3 cm

OO' will be the perpendicular bisector of chord AB.

∴ AC = CB

It is given that, OO' = 4 cm

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Let OC be x. Therefore, O'C will be 4 − x.

In ΔOAC,

OA2 = AC2 + OC2

⇒ 52 = AC2 + x2

⇒ 25 − x2 = AC2 ... (1)

In ΔO'AC,

O'A2 = AC2 + O'C2

⇒ 32 = AC2 + (4 − x)2

⇒ 9 = AC2 + 16 + x2 − 8x

⇒ AC2 = − x2 − 7 + 8x ... (2)

From equations (1) and (2), we obtain

25 − x2 = − x2 − 7 + 8x

8x = 32

x=4

Therefore, the common chord will pass through the centre of the smaller circle i.e., O' and
hence, it will be the diameter of the smaller circle.

AC2 = 25 − x2 = 25 − 42 = 25 − 16 = 9

∴ AC = 3 m

Length of the common chord AB = 2 AC = (2 × 3) m = 6 m

Question 2: If two equal chords of a circle intersect within the circle, prove that the
segments of one chord are equal to corresponding segments of the other chord.

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Solution: Let PQ and RS be two equal chords of a given circle and they are intersecting each
other at point T.

Draw perpendiculars OV and OU on these chords.

In ΔOVT and ΔOUT,

OV = OU (Equal chords of a circle are equidistant from the centre)

∠OVT = ∠OUT (Each 90°)

OT = OT (Common)

∴ ΔOVT ≅ ΔOUT (RHS congruence rule)

∴ VT = UT (By CPCT) ... (1)

It is given that,

PQ = RS ... (2)
1 1
⇒ 2 𝑃𝑄 = 2 𝑅𝑆

⇒ PV = RU ... (3)

On adding equations (1) and (3), we obtain

PV + VT = RU + UT

⇒ PT = RT ... (4)

On subtracting equation (4) from equation (2), we obtain

PQ − PT = RS − RT

⇒ QT = ST ... (5)

Equations (4) and (5) indicate that the corresponding segments of chords PQ and RS are
congruent to each other.

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Question 3: If two equal chords of a circle intersect within the circle, prove that the line
joining the point of intersection to the centre makes equal angles with the chords.

Solution: Let PQ and RS are two equal chords of a given circle and they are intersecting
each other at point T.

Draw perpendiculars OV and OU on these chords.

In ΔOVT and ΔOUT,

OV = OU (Equal chords of a circle are equidistant from the centre)

∠OVT = ∠OUT (Each 90°)

OT = OT (Common)

∴ ΔOVT ≅ ΔOUT (RHS congruence rule)

∴ ∠OTV = ∠OTU (By CPCT)

Therefore, it is proved that the line joining the point of intersection to the centre makes equal
angles with the chords.

Question 4: If a line intersects two concentric circles (circles with the same centre) with
centre O at A, B, C and D, prove that AB = CD (see figure 10.25).

Solution: Let us draw a perpendicular OM on line AD.

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It can be observed that BC is the chord of the smaller circle and AD is the chord of the bigger
circle.

We know that perpendicular drawn from the centre of the circle bisects the chord.

∴ BM = MC ... (1)

And, AM = MD ... (2)

On subtracting equation (2) from (1), we obtain

AM − BM = MD − MC

⇒ AB = CD

Question 5: Three girls Reshma, Salma and Mandip are playing a game by standing on
a circle of radius 5 m drawn in a park. Reshma throws a ball to Salma, Salma to
Mandip, Mandip to Reshma. If the distance between Reshma and Salma and between
Salma and Mandip is 6 m each, what is the distance between Reshma and Mandip?

Solution: Draw perpendiculars OA and OB on RS and SM respectively.

OR = OS = OM = 5 m. (Radii of the circle)

In ΔOAR,

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OA2 + AR2 = OR2

OA2 + (3 m)2 = (5 m)2

OA2 = (25 − 9) m2 = 16 m2

OA = 4 m

ORSM will be a kite (OR = OM and RS = SM). We know that the diagonals of a kite are
perpendicular and the diagonal common to both the isosceles triangles is bisected by another
diagonal.

∴∠RCS will be of 90° and RC = CM

Therefore, the distance between Reshma and Mandip is 9.6 m.

Question 6: A circular park of radius 20 m is situated in a colony. Three boys Ankur,

Solution: It is given that AS = SD = DA

Therefore, ΔASD is an equilateral triangle.

OA (radius) = 20 m

Medians of equilateral triangle pass through the circum centre (O) of the equilateral triangle
ASD. We also know that medians intersect each other in the ratio 2: 1. As AB is the median
of equilateral triangle ASD, we can write

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∴ AB = OA + OB = (20 + 10) m = 30 m

In ΔABD,

AD2 = AB2 + BD2

AD 2
AD2 = (30)2 + ( )
2

Therefore, the length of the string of each phone will be 20√3 m.

Exercise 9.3

Question 1: In the given figure, A, B and C are three points on a circle with centre O such
that ∠BOC = 30° and ∠AOB = 60°. If D is a point on the circle other than the arc ABC,
find ∠ADC.

Solution: It can be observed that

∠AOC = ∠AOB + ∠BOC

= 60° + 30°

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= 90°

We know that angle subtended by an arc at the centre is double the angle subtended by it any
point on the remaining part of the circle.

Question 2: A chord of a circle is equal to the radius of the circle. Find the angle
subtended by the chord at a point on the minor arc and also at a point on the major arc.

Solution: In ΔOAB,

AB = OA = OB = radius

∴ ΔOAB is an equilateral triangle.

Therefore, each interior angle of this triangle will be of 60°.

∴ ∠AOB = 60°

In cyclic quadrilateral ACBD,

∠ACB + ∠ADB = 180° (Opposite angle in cyclic quadrilateral)

⇒ ∠ADB = 180° − 30° = 150°

Therefore, angle subtended by this chord at a point on the major arc and the minor arc are 30°
and 150° respectively.

Question 3: In the given figure, ∠PQR = 100°, where P, Q and R are points on a circle
with centre O. Find ∠OPR.

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Solution: Consider PR as a chord of the circle.

Take any point S on the major arc of the circle.

PQRS is a cyclic quadrilateral.

∠PQR + ∠PSR = 180° (Opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral)

⇒ ∠PSR = 180° − 100° = 80°

We know that the angle subtended by an arc at the centre is double the angle subtended by it
at any point on the remaining part of the circle.

∴ ∠POR = 2∠PSR = 2 (80°) = 160°

In ΔPOR,

OP = OR (Radii of the same circle)

∴ ∠OPR = ∠ORP (Angles opposite to equal sides of a triangle)

∠OPR + ∠ORP + ∠POR = 180° (Angle sum property of a triangle)

2 ∠OPR + 160° = 180°

2 ∠OPR = 180° − 160° = 20º

∠OPR = 10°

Question 4: In the given figure, ∠ABC = 69°, ∠ACB = 31°, find ∠BDC.

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Solution: In ΔABC,

∠BAC + ∠ABC + ∠ACB = 180° (Angle sum property of a triangle)

⇒ ∠BAC + 69° + 31° = 180°

⇒ ∠BAC = 180° − 100º

⇒ ∠BAC = 80°

∠BDC = ∠BAC = 80° (Angles in the same segment of a circle are equal)

Question 5: In the given figure, A, B, C and D are four points on a circle. AC and BD
intersect at a point E such that ∠BEC = 130° and ∠ECD = 20°. Find ∠BAC.

Solution: In ΔCDE,

∠CDE + ∠DCE = ∠CEB (Exterior angle)

⇒ ∠CDE + 20° = 130°

⇒ ∠CDE = 110°

However, ∠BAC = ∠CDE (Angles in the same segment of a circle)

⇒ ∠BAC = 110°

Question 6: ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral whose diagonals intersect at a point E. If

Solution: For chord CD,

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∠CBD = ∠CAD (Angles in the same segment)

∠CAD = 70°

∠BAD = ∠BAC + ∠CAD = 30° + 70° = 100°

∠BCD + ∠BAD = 180° (Opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral)

∠BCD + 100° = 180°

∠BCD = 80°

In ΔABC,

AB = BC (Given)

∴ ∠BCA = ∠CAB (Angles opposite to equal sides of a triangle)

⇒ ∠BCA = 30°

We have, ∠BCD = 80°

⇒ ∠BCA + ∠ACD = 80°

30° + ∠ACD = 80°

⇒ ∠ACD = 50°

⇒ ∠ECD = 50°

Question 7: If diagonals of a cyclic quadrilateral are diameters of the circle through the
vertices of the quadrilateral, prove that it is a rectangle.

Solution: Let ABCD be a cyclic quadrilateral having diagonals BD and AC, intersecting
each other at point O.

(Consider BD as a chord)

∠BCD + ∠BAD = 180° (Cyclic quadrilateral)

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∠BCD = 180° − 90° = 90°

(Considering AC as a chord)

∠ADC + ∠ABC = 180° (Cyclic quadrilateral)

90° + ∠ABC = 180°

∠ABC = 90°

Each interior angle of a cyclic quadrilateral is of 90°. Hence, it is a rectangle.

Question 8: If the non-parallel sides of a trapezium are equal, prove that it is cyclic.

Solution:

Consider a trapezium ABCD with AB | |CD and BC = AD.

Draw AM ⊥ CD and BN ⊥ CD.

In ΔAMD and ΔBNC,

AD = BC (Given)

∠AMD = ∠BNC (By construction, each is 90°)

AM = BM (Perpendicular distance between two parallel lines is same)

∴ ΔAMD ≅ ΔBNC (RHS congruence rule)

∴ ∠ADC = ∠BCD (CPCT) ... (1)

∠BAD and ∠ADC are on the same side of transversal AD.

∠BAD + ∠ADC = 180° ... (2)

∠BAD + ∠BCD = 180° [Using equation (1)]

This equation shows that the opposite angles are supplementary.

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Therefore, ABCD is a cyclic quadrilateral.

Question 9: Two circles intersect at two points B and C. Through B, two line segments
ABD and PBQ are drawn to intersect the circles at A, D and P, Q respectively (see the
given figure). Prove that ∠ACP = ∠QCD.

Solution: Join chords AP and DQ.

For chord AP,

∠PBA = ∠ACP (Angles in the same segment) ... (1)

For chord DQ,

∠DBQ = ∠QCD (Angles in the same segment) ... (2)

ABD and PBQ are line segments intersecting at B.

∴ ∠PBA = ∠DBQ (Vertically opposite angles) ... (3)

From equations (1), (2), and (3), we obtain

∠ACP = ∠QCD

Question 10: If circles are drawn taking two sides of a triangle as diameters, prove that
the point of intersection of these circles lie on the third side.

Solution: Consider a ΔABC.

Two circles are drawn while taking AB and AC as the diameter.

Let they intersect each other at D and let D not lie on BC.

Join AD.

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∠ADB = 90° (Angle subtended by semi-circle)

∠ADC = 90° (Angle subtended by semi-circle)

∠BDC = ∠ADB + ∠ADC = 90° + 90° = 180°

Therefore, BDC is a straight line and hence, our assumption was wrong.

Thus, Point D lies on third side BC of ΔABC.

Question 11: ABC and ADC are two right triangles with common hypotenuse AC. Prove
that ∠CAD = ∠CBD.

Solution: In ΔABC,

∠ABC + ∠BCA + ∠CAB = 180° (Angle sum property of a triangle)

⇒ 90° + ∠BCA + ∠CAB = 180°

⇒ ∠BCA + ∠CAB = 90° ... (1)

In ΔADC,

∠CDA + ∠ACD + ∠DAC = 180° (Angle sum property of a triangle)

⇒ 90° + ∠ACD + ∠DAC = 180°

⇒ ∠ACD + ∠DAC = 90° ... (2)

Adding equations (1) and (2), we obtain

∠BCA + ∠CAB + ∠ACD + ∠DAC = 180°

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⇒ (∠BCA + ∠ACD) + (∠CAB + ∠DAC) = 180°

∠BCD + ∠DAB = 180° ... (3)

However, it is given that

∠B + ∠D = 90° + 90° = 180° ... (4)

From equations (3) and (4), it can be observed that the sum of the measures of opposite
angles of quadrilateral ABCD is 180°. Therefore, it is a cyclic quadrilateral.

Consider chord CD.

∠CAD = ∠CBD (Angles in the same segment)

Question 12: Prove that a cyclic parallelogram is a rectangle.

Solution:

Let ABCD be a cyclic parallelogram.

∠A + ∠C = 180° (Opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral) ... (1)

We know that opposite angles of a parallelogram are equal.

∴ ∠A = ∠C and ∠B = ∠D

From equation (1),

∠A + ∠C = 180°

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⇒ ∠A + ∠A = 180°

⇒ 2 ∠A = 180°

⇒ ∠A = 90°

Parallelogram ABCD has one of its interior angles as 90°. Therefore, it is a rectangle.

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