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HydrologyPastQ

The document outlines examination questions for Engineering Hydrology, focusing on various hydrological concepts such as water balance, rainfall estimation methods, and flood discharge calculations. Candidates are instructed to provide answers in their own words and to attempt all questions, with specific marks indicated for each. Key topics include the hydrological cycle, rainfall data consistency, and methods for estimating peak discharge and flood hydrographs.

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Niraj Khanal
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12 views

HydrologyPastQ

The document outlines examination questions for Engineering Hydrology, focusing on various hydrological concepts such as water balance, rainfall estimation methods, and flood discharge calculations. Candidates are instructed to provide answers in their own words and to attempt all questions, with specific marks indicated for each. Key topics include the hydrological cycle, rainfall data consistency, and methods for estimating peak discharge and flood hydrographs.

Uploaded by

Niraj Khanal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
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Examination Control Division y ANNA “TeHUVAN UNIERSTEY INSTI(UTE OF ENGINEERING 2080 Bhadra Subject: - Engineering Hydvotogy (CE 609) Ceindidates are required to give their answers in theit oven words as ar as practicable, Altenups AU questions. The figires in the margin indicate Ful! Marks, wide normal graph, “Assure suitable data if necessary. Explain water balance equation Gavugh hydrological vycle. 4] 8) Desatibe the procedure of estimation of mean rainfall over ant aren vsing Thiessen ‘Mean Method, J b) Annual Precipitation of station X aod average ofthe 15 surrounding stations are listed below. Examine the consistency of the station X. In which year, the change in zegime ofgerved? Make adjustments in the rainfall date wherever applicable. {3} Year 2022 | 2021 | 2020 } 2019"| 2018 | 2017 2016 | 2015 Rainfall at station | 173 [290 225 | 246 260 $493 | 320 [105 Xo} - — Average Reinfal |234 |333 1236 [251 | 284 at surrounding 282 | 240 | 263 | 302 stations am) 4} | jo 3) How'the infittration of soil can be measured by laboratory method? Flaborate Horton’s equation with neat sketch, (333) b) The mass ourve of an isolated storm in a 500-hn watershed is os Follows: a Time foin start) [0 ]2_ [4 [6 [8/10/12 ji4_lis [as ‘Cumulative rainfill (cm) | 0 10.8 | 2.6 128.1 4.1 7.3 | 108 hializa lis {fhe direel nmoff produced by the storm is measured at the outlet of the watershed as (6.340 Ma’, estimate the 4 - index of tae storia and duration of the rainfall excess. a) Caleulate the flow dischange of a river ftom the following data using srea velocity method using Mid sectional azen._ . 8} oe Distance from bank (a) | 0 1.5 30 [45 90 Depth of How im) 0 | 0.75 | 2.50 | 3.50. 0 Velocity O.2depth [= 4+ | 0.651 0.99 ‘Velocity 0.6 depth 4 Velocity 0.8 depth 0.25 | 0.40 | ib) Establish relationship between rainfall and resulting tunoff for a large catchment Poinit out the factor affecting runoff from a basin, [3431 a) Frone the given bydrgreph below, answer the questions: (6 (@ Whats the total amount of reiafll and average reinfall intensity? (@) What is basin lag time and time of concentration? (Gii) What is the total time base of flow? | i & 2 5) Following are the ordinates of hycrograph fram « eatchnient area of 770 kx? due to Gir rainfall. Derive the ordineies.of ood hydrograph-due 30 3. cm’aid 45 en effective rainfall of duration 6-bs. 8 ois) ef : a ann ae Timed) [0 f¢ {12 |18 124 [30 | 36 faz as | s4-| oot se 2 Discharge 40} 65 | 215 | 360 | 14.4 mm of g/day Latitede = 27°; Longitude = 86° ‘Saturated vapour pressure at 20°C = Limm of Hg Slope of Saturated vapour pressure = 1.42 mmaC {3} ) A stoun with a 15.0 em precipitation produced a ditect runoff of 8.7om, The time dishibution of storm is as follows. _ “fime from start (hr) TTL Tes Le r7 ys] Tncremental cainfall im cack br (em) | 0.6 11:35 | 2.25 [3.49 | 2.7 24a P15 [O75 | ‘stimete the O-index of the storm. 6) 2) Define extehment. Whet are the fhotors affeeting runoff fxom a catchment? [45] ') Tor the purpose of discharge measurement in a stream by Stope-Area method the Following data has beon ol TiS Section | Middle Section |__D/S Section“) ‘Area (ae) 105,75 102.63 95.63 Wetied pommeiex@n) {64.25 60.20 $8.00 Gange Reading im) [3153 = 315.45 Mannings Roughness | _ 0.025 0.027 m9) Detemine dhe stream Uischaige for lengih between OMS and DIS sections as 260 m assuming coefficient of contraction K.2s 0.1, 2) Define shitting eontot in stage discharge rlationship, What are the ceuses of shifting control? [Hay Sap Defeckthoyasi oom teat ampgh . i) ©), The ordinates of 2 4 hr Utl of basin wea of 300 kam?, ‘Tisce hundred sen Ty gaat Ihr internals axe 6,36, 66, 91, 106, 93, 79 68,58, 49, 41,34, 27, 23,17, 13, 9, 6,3 and 1.5 m/s respectively. Obtain the oftinates ofa 3 br UH of the hasin lising the s-curve technique, o flO} $. 5) Inthe time series data of annual peak flood for 75 yer ar the ie ad andr Seg feb onal te Sot a nd 1718 sepa, Using yn=0.556and $1,189 (for'75 yrs). fay i) Detensine the pei flood for 0.4% probability of exccedence by Gumbel’ iy a0 conte sor ahr an gf 16 gg : confidence level respectively, ©) Explain the rational method of determining the Hoods. Also Yrite dovin its Himitations, [a 7: A drainage Basin has has the following chacteists: tl Area = 110 Kui’, Time of eoncention = 18), Storage time ooitant = Yhand inter irocuonasaeadisuhetones ‘Travel Tine (h} Pe: aS CEE Tee vee ‘ele iee) Anterisochrone area (oe) 2 | 20 Fy ie ie Pe fs fa "Demise Citable AY | TRIBEVAN UNIVERSITY (Sen. AT ES INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING —_{ Laval BE Full Marks {80 ( Examination Control Division | Programme | BCE Pass Marks |32 - 2076 Ashwin Year/Part | iH/T Time Shs. Tm AARAS Subject: - Engineering Hydrology (CE 606) Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable. Attempt Ail questions. ‘The figures in the margin indicate Full Marks, ‘Semiclog graph is provided. Assume suitable data if necessary. a) Ina certain catchment, inflow rete into the catchment due.to rainfall is given by ~ equation 1=2t m'/s, If loss m the catchment is neglected, determine the change is storage in cutchment with in 3 br duration. ; rc] b) Justify the uses of Hydrology in Engineering Design, Bl Fora station A, the recorded annval 24 hr maximum rainfalls are given below. By Estimate the 24 hr maximum rainfall with retum periods of 50 years by using provided semi log graph. Year (1950) 51] 521.53 | 54155 | 56] 57] s8] 59 | oO [oi | 62 [63 faa [ 65 Ppt (can) | 13.0 [12.0] 7.6 [14.3}16.0) 9.6 [8.0 [12.5]1.2] 8.91 8.91781 9.0 ]10.248.5 175 . a) Caleulste PRT for May month by Penman method, ‘Meen'monthly temperature = 20°C. Meaty RH=75% ‘Medn Sunshine hoar ® 10 hr, Potentiat Sunshine hour~ 13.5 hr. Wind velocity at 2m height = 8 km/br. Albedo = 0.028 Upper terrestrial solar radiatio Latitude = 27°, Longitude = 86° Saturated vapour pressure at 20°C = Limm of He. Slope of Saturated vapour pressure ~ 1.42 mmC- [3] b) A storm with a 15.0 em precipitation produced « direct runoff of 8.7em. The time distribution of storm is as follows. “ime from start (hr) TL2[374]sTe, 7] 3 Ynereinenisl rainfall iy each br (em) | 0.6 1735 [2.25 [3.45 [2.7 [24 Ts 0.78 Estimate the @-index of the storm. 3) #) Define catchment, What aze the factors affecting runoff from eatchment? (45) b) For the purpose of discharge measurement in a steam by Slope-Area method the following data hag been obtained. {81 US Section | Middle Section |” D/S Seotion’ ‘Area (a?) 105.75 192.63 96.64 “Wetted perimeter (mi) 64.35 00.20 38.00 Gauge Reading (m) 85 - HSAS ‘Manning's Roughness — oms (0027 29 Detemine the stream dischacge for length beiween US ‘and DIS sections as 260 m assuining coeflicient of contreetion Kea 0.1. ©) Define shiding control in stage discharge relationship. What are the canses of shifling contcal? [82] x + 9) Define unit hyaiographs and explain the vses of hydrographs, i] by reattinates of 2 4 bx UH of a basin area of 360 kas? Three hundred square km Tr ett Lt internals axe 6,36, 66,91, 106, 93, 79, 68,58, 49, 41, 34,24 28, 1, 12; 8. 6 8 and 1.5 tris tespectvely. Obtain the ondinates of a 3 br UH of the beaks using the s-curve technique, . Ug] 3) Inthe tine series data of annual peak: load for 75 years, the mean an standard deviations are found to be equal to 5561 m'ls and 1718 mls respectively. Using yn=0.556and S,=1.189 (for 75 yrs). [444] 8) Determine the petk flood for 0.436 probability of exceedence by Gunibel's method, i Compete 90% cont dens ints forebove Hoods, ing fe) 1:6 es 90% confidence fevel respectively, 1») Explain the satfonel method of detetmining the floods. Also Maite down its limitations, (6 A drainage Basin has the following characteristics: 16) Area 110 Kin’, Time of concentration = 18b, Storage time constant = 12 band inter- isochrones area distribution as below: Travel Time (hy Q2 | 24146 7 68 [816 toa 2-14 [7416 16-187) io [2 4 3 9 Determine the Clark's 2h-1UH for this catchment Inter-isockrone area (ea’) 29 | 22 Tie | ! it. k a8 ‘TaIBREVANUNIVERSTY . INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING aati “victor {'Erouramn Examination Control Division | Programme [BCE 2075 Chaitra Y Candidates are required to give their answers ia their own words as far as practicable. Y Attempt AU questions. V. The figures in the margin indicate Fail Marks ~ Axeperate sraple paper is provided. ¥ Assume suitable data if necessary. 4. Explain hydrologic cycle with neat sketches and justify iti need in Engineesing Hydrology. ~ BZ] 3. The rainfall depth with time during a ston at & station fs given below. Compute maximum averoge intensities of the rainfall for duretions 30 minutes, the, 2 hr, and Shr ard plot the resulting intensity duration curve, __15} i F gesa0 | 060 | 07:00 | 67:30 | 08:00 | 08:30 | exe | 09:30 | t0:00 | 10:20 | 12:00 30] Rent se) sleysjotule si2| wat |"9 | 6 Z ° 3, a) Explain the water budget and energy budget methods for estimation of evaporation. [3+8} b) ‘The mass curve of an isolated storm in 2 S0Oha watershed is as follows: [Time fom strat (@)_ [0] 2 4 | 6 | 8 Pio] i2 | 14} 16 | 18 carmulative rainfail (cm) | 0[0.812.612.8|4.2]7.3 | tos | 118 | 124 [12.6 Tf ranoit measured et the ovtlet is 0.361 Min’ is baseflow, estimate the g-index of the ‘storm and duration of rainfall excess. Also determine W-index if the other losses in the storm is 0,1 Mm’. [545] ©) Differentiate actual and Potential Evapotranspirations, G1 4. a) Following are the data of gouge and discharge collected at a particular scotion of the iver by stream gauging operation, 1621 4) Develop a geige-discharge rolalfonship for this stream at this section for use in cefiinating the discharge for a known gauge teading, What is the coefficient of coneiation of the derived zelationship? Use a =7.5m for the gauge comespontting, to zero discharge. ii) Hetimate the discharge eortesponding to a gauge reading of 10.5m at this eeuging __ station, _ Gauge reading (2) | Discharge (m5) | Gauge reading Gn) | Discharpe (m/s) 7.65 15 8.48 170 Ti 30 R68 400 7F 52 930 600 ps 39 3.5 T 800_ . 79 60 103 1500 | 791 wo a 2000 8.08 150 17 ne) 8) Define stom hydrograph, 2) Caloulete the dischane in a stieam by using mid-section metlod Seem provided date. A. current, meter is used fo measure velocity at 0.6 depth and calibrated os V=0.3N10.094 Distance fiom right bank (ms) [0] 2 [eT 6 TO [a2 | 5 [18 [20} | Depth (mn) “lefeso 1itproolas is tia [orto Number of revolutions oO} so | 83_| 130 [721/116 | 100} 90 | 0 ‘Time (6) af y70 | 116 f ioc [10d } 1007100 90 fo rect mmol hydiograph and baseflow. Explain the methods to separate base ow strom hydrograph with clear sketches, b) Following arc tho ordinates of bycrogtaph from a eatolment area of 770km? due to Gchr rainfall. Derive the ordinals of flood hydrograph due to 33om and $.San [t(hx) Dischunge (o's) 40 36 [42 | 48"[ 54 [60] 65/72 | 290 | 205 | 145} 100 70 | 50 | 40 L i. a) Explain Retional method ef flood predication . Also mentlon its limitations & oses. 5) Analysis of tho annua! flood peak of river of21 yours yielded a mean of 8520/5 and standard devietion of 3900m'/. A’proposed water control project ox this siver is 0 shave un expected Life of 40 years, The acceptable reliehility by the design policy is 35%, 2) Using“ Gambet's-Methoid -teedmrhiend: the -Bood: dischaige for this’ project, Tek, ye 0:5287 and Se". 0696 foe 2h years. iy What would the 80% cunfidenes inwt‘of the: above flood if fe confidence level, ‘ J=H:282 at BONG 2) Wiiat do-you.understind by Haw routing? b) A chairiagé basin has the'following characteristics: Area ='123-km*)-time of concentration=14 hr,’ storage vconstant>1ly-aad inter isoctuone area distribution as below: [8] [B+3} 9} [333] id] Teavel Time thr) [0-2 [2-4 [4-61 6-8 [8-10 J 10-12 [12-14 | 1416 | 16-18 [sterisochvonc area (km) | 4710 [i [24] is {20 -[ 13) 9 ys. ‘Compute the fioad hyarograph by using Clark's 1UE. Hee 6 Examination Control Division 4 04 J TRIGUUVANUNIVERSHTY INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING Candidates are requised to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable, Attempt Alt guests. The figures in thee margin indicate Fnll Marks, Assume suitebbe date if necessary. 5) Pxplain double mass curve method for checking « rainfall data for coasistency. 1b) What factors should be considered in selecting a site for stream gauging station. ©) The catchment area of a xeservoir is 1600 ha. A uniform precipitation of 8 envi for 2 howe was observed on particular day. 55% nun off reached the rescrvoir, A canal carrying a flow of m/s is taken from the reservoir, The sate of evaporation was 0.8 mmlviné. Assuming seepage loss is 40% of evaporation loss, fiad the change in the reservoir level for 6 hours, ifthe water spread of the reservoir was 45h, 2). Explain the different methods of determining the average rainfall over a cxfchment deta a storm. 2) Calcetate the potential evapotrnspiation fiom a area near Dharan, Suns fa he month of epeil by Peamans’ forma, The following data are available, Latinute: 26°-49°N, Flevation (from mst) : 250.00 m ‘Moen inoatbly feanperature : 22.5°C, ‘Mean relative humidity: 75% Mecn observed sunshine hour: 10-he Wind velocity at 2na height: 80 km/day Psychrometric constant : 0.49:nm of ig*C. Reflection coefficient:0.20 ey: 20mm of Hp, A: 124mmPC § = 0.52, Hy 148mm of evaporable water per day ‘Mean, monthly vatue of possible suashine hour (N) : 12.7 hours ‘Nature of sunshine cover: closed ground green crop, where the symbols carry their usual meanings , a) The mass curve of an isolated storm over a watershed is given below. Time from stert Gar) o]os} 1 [T3712 Ta5[ 3 [35 [4]as[s ‘Camulative rainfall (om) [0 [0.6 | 14] 1.9 12.8 13.7 (5.4 [6217178 | 82 If the storm produced a dizect run off of 3.8 om at the outlet of the watershed, estimate the Z-index of the storm and duration of rainfall excess, b) The ordinates of a 2-h UH are given below. Derive the ordinates of a 3-h UH by S- curve method. (6 4] (6) (5) {1G} {5} ‘Time (hy) 214 16) 8 110 | 12 [14] 16] ia] 20 | 22 | 26 a Grdinaies of -HUR | 01 25 | THO} 160 | 190/170 [140] 70 ;30] 207 1s | 6 | O m/s) | L Calealare the flood discharge of @ storm of 3h and 2h rainfell of 8 cm and 7 cm respectively. Consider Z-index 0.3envbr and baseflow 10m'Vs, (10)

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