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Branch : CSE & IT Batch : Hinglish

Database Management System
Query Language DPP 03

[MCQ] List-I List-II

1. Consider the following relational algebra query on 1. a1  a2 (a) {<p, q, r > |< p, q, r > a1v <p, q, r > 
relations A (p, q, r) and B (q, r): a2}
p(A) – p((p (A) × q,r (B) –p,q,r (A)) 2. a1  a2 (b) {<p, q, r> |<p, q, r >a1  < p, q, r > 
The above query is equivalent to? a2}
(a) A  B 3. a1 – a2 (c) {<p, q, r > | < p,q,r, > |  a1  <p, q ,r >
(b) A  B  a2}
(c) A – B
(d) A ÷ B (a) 1– (a), 2 – (b), 3 – (c)
(b) 1– (b), 2 – (c), 3 – (a)
[MCQ] (c) 1– (a), 2 – (c), 3 – (b)
2. Consider the following SQL query. (d) 1– (b), 2 – (a), 3 – (c)
SELECT DISITNCT P1, P2, P3…. Pn
[NAT]
FROM R1, R2, R3….. Rm
5. Consider the table which contains the data shown
WHERE Q below.
Which of the following relational algebra query is Sailors (SailID, SailName, Rating, Age)
equivalent to above SQL query? Reserves (SailID, BoatID, Date)
(a) P1, P2, P3…. Pn(Q (R1 ⋈ R2 ⋈ R3⋈……⋈ Rm)) Boats (BoatID, BoatName, Color)
(b) P1, P2, P3…. Pn((R1× R2 × R3×…… ×Rm) Sailors
SailID SailName Rating Age
(c) P1, P2, P3…. Pn(Q (R1 ⋈ R2 ⋈ R3⋈……⋈ Rm))
1 Ram 5 35
(d) P1, P2, P3…. Pn(Q (R1× R2 × R3×…… ×Rm)) 2 Shaym 9 22
3 Ramesh 10 19
[MCQ] 4 Suresh 3 NULL
3. Consider the following equivalencies between 5 Akhil NULL 35
expressions of relational algebra, each involving Reserves
relations A (P, Q) and B (R, S). Assume that there is SailID BoatID Date
no foreign key, A attribute to table can be NULL, all 1 4 2017-03-15
attributes are of integer types which of the following 1 5 2017-04-15
equivalencies is/are TRUE? 3 2 2014-04-15
(a)  P, Q (A×B) = A 4 4 2018-01-01
(b) A – T (P, Q) (B) = T (P, Q) (B – ( T (R, S) (A))) 5 1 2017-12-25
(c)  P, Q, S (A ⋈Q=R B) = A ⋈ (T(Q, S) (B)) Boats
(d) None of the above BoatID BoatName Color
1 Lake Red
[MCQ] 2 Fish Yellow
4. Let A = (P, Q, R) and a1 and a2 both be relations on 3 Clipper Green
schema A. Give on expression in the domain relation 4 Yatch Green
calculus List- I, match the List-I expression to its 5 Fish Yellow
equivalent relational algebra query in List-II.
6 Clipper red
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[MSQ]
and the following relational algebra query. 9. Consider the following Database
BoatID (Age = 35  rating ≥ 5 (sailors) ⋈ Reserves) Tool (TooID, Brand, Price)
BoatID (Rating < 5 (Sailors)⋈Reserves) Jobsite (Location, compensation, Task)
The number of rows returned by the above query ToolBox(ToolBoxID, location)→location is a foreign
is . key to jobsite.
Holds(ToolBoxID, ToolID) →ToolBoxID is a foreign
[MCQ] key to ToolBox. ToolID is a foreign key to Tool.
6. Consider the relation schemas w(P, Q, R), x (S, P, T) And consider the following SQL query.
y(P, Q, R, S, T) and z (R, S, T). A query that uses SELECT DISTINCT T. ToolID
additional operators of relational algebra: FROM Tool T, Holds H, ToolBox B, Jobsite J
((w × x)  y) ÷ z.
WHERE T. ToolID = H.ToolId AND H.ToolBoxID =
What will be the result set if we write this query using
only the basic operators of relational algebra? B. ToolBoxID AND B. location = J. location AND J.
(a) Result set of the basic operator’s query will be Task = ‘welding’
greater than the result set of given query. Which of the following would be an equivalent
(b) Result set will only consist of attributes P and Q. relational algebra query?
(c) Some of the operations in query cannot be (a) ToolID (Tool ⋈ Holds ⋈ ToolBox ⋈ task =
performed due to incompatible relation schemas
‘welding’(jobsite))
(d) Query cannot be written by only using basic
operations. (b) ToolID (task = ‘welding’ (Tool ⋈ (Holds ⋈ Tool Box)
⋈ Jobsite)
[MSQ] (c)  task = ‘welding’ (ToolID (Tool) ⋈ Holds ⋈ Tool Box
7. Consider the following relational table A ⋈ Jobsite)
A (d) None of the above
P Q R S T
p1 q1 r1 s1 t1 [MSQ]
p2 q2 r2 s2 t2 10. Consider the following two relations A (P, Q) and
Also, consider the decomposition of the relation A into B (R, S). Which of the following statement is/are
relations A1 = (P, Q, R) and A2 = (R, S, T) which of the
TRUE?
following is/are correct based on the above relations.
(a) A1 (A) ⋈ A2 (A) =A (a) The cardinality of (A⋈P = R B) is always larger
(b) A1 (A) ⋈ A2 (A)  A than or equal to the size of (A⋈P = R and Q=S B).
(c) PQ →T is true in the table A1 (A) ⋈ A2 (A) (b) The cardinality of (A⋈P = R and Q  S B) is always
(d) None of the above larger than or equal to the size of (A⋈P = R and Q = S
B).
[MSQ] (c) These two-expression (P = 5 (A⋈Q=RB)) and (P =
8. Which of the following relational algebra expression
5 (A) ⋈Q=R B) are always equivalent.
is/are always holds correct?
(d) These two expressions (A × B) – (A ⋈ Q = R B) and
(a) (X ⋈ Y) ⋈Z = (Z ⋈ X) ⋈ Y
(b) A (B (X)) = B (A (X) (A⋈Q  R B) are always equivalent.
(c) A (B (X)) = B (A (X)
(d) None of the above
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Answer Key
1. (d) 7. (a, c)
2. (d) 8. (a, b)
3. (c) 9. (a, b)
4. (a) 10. (a, c, d)
5. (1)
6. (c)
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Hints & Solutions

1. (d) U: σ rating<5 (Sailors) ⋈ Reserves
In relational algebra A ÷ B is defined as P(A) –P
((P(A)× qr (B) – p,q,r (A)) 4 Suresh 3 NULL 4 2018-01-01
A÷ B is used when we wish to express queries with π BoatID (S) ⋂ π BoatID(u) = {4, 5} ⋂ {4} = {4}
“all”.

2. (d) 6. (c)
SELECT DISTINCT P1, P2, P3 …. Pn Given:
w (P, Q, R), x (S, P, T) y(P, Q, R, S, T) and z (R, S, T)
FROM R1, R2, R3….. Rm
(w × x) contains 6 attributes whereas y contains 5
WHERE Q attributes. So, they aren’t union-compatible. Hence
So, from R1, R2, R3…. Rm intersection operation can’t be performed.
Here, there is no join condition, so it will perform NOTE: If number of attributes in Relation A is n and
cartesian product, then select Q and perform number of attributes in relation B is m then number of
projection. attributes “A x B” will be “n + m”.
P1, P2, P3…. Pn (Q (R1× R2 × R3×…… ×Rm))
7. (a, c)
(a) TRUE
3. (c)
(a) When B = , then result of A × B = then it is not A
equivalent to A. So, this equivalence is false. P Q R S T
(b) It is clearly seen that it is false / not equivalence p1 q1 r1 s1 t1
as difference is not commutative. p2 q2 r2 s2 t2
(c) Both expressions are equivalent. In expression
A⋈T(Q, S) (B), first we are performing rename A1(A) A2(A)
P Q R R S T
operation on attribute of relation B and then
p1 q1 r1 r1 s1 t1
performing natural join on common column Q. p2 q2 r2 r2 s2 t2

4. (a) A1(A) ⋈A2(A)

a1  a2 = {< p, q, r > | < p,q,r > a1 < p, q, r > a2} P Q R S T
a1  a2 = {< p, q, r > | < p,q,r > a1  < p, q, r > a2} p1 q1 r1 s1 t1
a1 – a2 = {< p, q, r > | < p,q,r > a1  < p, q, r > a2} p2 q2 r2 s2 t2
A1(A) ⋈A2(A) = A
5. (1) (b) FALSE since A1(A) ⋈A2(A) = A
Let σ age = 35  rating ≥ 5 (sailors) as T
(c) TRUE. PQ→T holds in A1(A) ⋈A2(A). An FD
T: 1 Ram 5 35
PQ→T holds if and only iff- for same values of
is selected. PQ, the T value must be same.
(5, Akhil, Null, 35) is not selected as rating contains
NULL value and NULL cannot be compared to ‘5’.
8. (a, b)
NOTE: Null compared with value result will be
(a) Natural join is commutative and Associative so it
undefined. is always true.
S: T ⋈ Reserves (b) Selection is commutative.
(c) Projection is not commutative.
Sail Sail Rating Age Boat ID Date Hence, a and b are correct.
ID Name
1 Ram 5 35 4 2017-03-15
2 Ram 5 35 5 2017-04-15
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9. (a, b) (b) False, the cardinality of (A⋈P = R and Q  S B) is

(a) Task = ‘welding’ (Jobsite) always larger than or equal to the size of (A⋈P = R
From this we will get all row of jobsite having task and Q = S B).
welding.
(c) True, because the results of both (P=5 (A⋈Q=R B))
Tool ⋈ holds ⋈ Tool Box ⋈ Jobsite
Natural join is done and with ToolID→ ToolID and (P=5 (A) ⋈Q=R B) are always equivalent.
column gets displayed. (d) True because the result (A×B) – (A⋈ Q = RB) and
(b) same explanation as (A) (A ⋈Q  R B) are always equivalent.
(c) incorrect because after projecting ToolID we Hence, correct answer is a, c and d.
cannot apply condition on task.
Hence corrects option is a and b.

10. (a, c, d)
(a) True, because (A⋈P=R and Q=S B) is more restrictive
than (A⋈P = R B), it will also filter out the row in
which Q is not equal to S therefore the cardinality
(Number of rows) of (A ⋈P=R B) is always larger
than or equal to the size of (A⋈P = R and Q = S B).

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