Which of the following is the first stage of human development? ° a) Infancy ° b) Adolescence °c) Childhood ° d) Prenatal » Answer: d) Prenatal The process by which a child learns to adapt to the social environment is called: ° a) Socialization ° b) Maturation » c) Development © d) Cognitive growth « Answer: a) Socialization Erik Erikson's theory of development focuses on: ° a) Cognitive development ° b) Psychosocial development ° ¢) Moral development e d) Psychosexual development ° Answer: b) Psychosocial development4. Which stage of Erikson’s theory is characterized by the challenge of trust vs. mistrust? ° a) Infancy ° b) Early childhood ° c) Adolescence ° d) Adulthood » Answer: a) Infancy 5, Jean Piaget is best known for his theory of: ° a) Psychosocial development ° b) Cognitive development ° c) Moral development ° d) Psychosexual development e Answer: b) Cognitive development 6. According to Piaget, the ability to perform operations mentally rather than physically occurs during which stage? ° a) Sensorimotor » b) Preoperational © c) Concrete operational e d) Formal operational » Answer: c) Concrete operational7. In which of Piaget's stages does a child develop object permanence? > a) Sensorimotor » b) Preoperational >» ¢) Concrete operational » d) Formal operational » Answer: a) Sensorimotor 8. Vygotsky emphasized the role of in cognitive development. » a) Individual learning » b) Social interaction ° ¢) Genetics » d) Biological maturation » Answer: b) Social interaction 9. The process by which certain abilities and traits are developed at specific times is known as: » a) Critical period » b) Adaptation » ¢) Maturation » d) Socialization » Answer: a) Critical period10. The concept of the "zone of proximal development" is associated with: » a) Piaget ° b) Erikson « ¢) Vygotsky « d) Kohlberg « Answer: c) Vygotsky 11. The moral development theory is proposed by: * a) Piaget » b) Erikson * ¢) Vygotsky e d) Kohlberg ° Answer: d) Kohlberg 12. Kohlberg's stages of moral development are divided into how many levels? 2a) Two » b) Three ° ¢) Four e d) Five > Answer: b) Three13. According to Kohlberg, which stage involves behavior driven by avoiding punishment? » a) Preconventional » b) Conventional » c) Postconventional ° d) None of the above « Answer: a) Preconventional 14. A newborn baby is in which stage of Freud's psychosexual development? ° a) Oral stage » b) Anal stage ° C) Phallic stage » d) Latency stage » Answer: a) Oral stage 15, The developmental task of gaining independence and self-control occurs during which of Erikson’s stages? > a) Infancy » b) Early childhood ° c) Middle childhood » d) Adolescence » Answer: b) Early childhood16. The stage in which children begin to think logically about concrete events is called: » a) Sensorimotor > b) Preoperational » ¢) Concrete operational o d) Formal operational » Answer: c) Concrete operational 17. In Piaget's theory, egocentrism is most prominent during which stage? > a) Sensorimotor e b) Preoperational ° ¢) Concrete operational » d) Formal operational o Answer: b) Preoperational 18. Attachment in infants is best described as: o a) A learned behavior > b) An innate biological response » ¢) A social construct o d) A temporary phase » Answer: b) An innate biological response19. The authoritative parenting style is characterized by: » a) High demands and high responsiveness » b) Low demands and high responsiveness « ¢) High demands and low responsiveness « d) Low demands and low responsiveness » Answer: a) High demands and high responsiveness 20. The concept of "identity vs. role confusion" is a stage in which theory? » a) Piaget's cognitive development » b) Erikson’s psychosocial development ° C) Freud’s psychosexual development ° d) Kohlberg’s moral development « Answer: b) Erikson’s psychosocial development21. [he idea that children learn behaviors through observing and imitating others is central to: » a) Cognitive development theory « b) Psychosocial development theory ° ¢) Social learning theory ° d) Psychosexual development theory ° Answer: c) Social learning theory 22. Which of the following is NOT a stage in Piaget's theory of cognitive development? » a) Sensorimotor ° b) Preoperational ° c) Operational © d) Concrete operational e Answer: c) Operational 23. Freud's stage where pleasure focuses on bowel and bladder control is called the: « a) Oral stage = b) Anal stage °c) Phallic stage ° d) Latency stage ° Answer: b) Anal stage24. The understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen is called: » a) Conservation » b) Object permanence * ¢) Egocentrism « d) Animism » Answer: b) Object permanence 25. The principle that properties such as mass, volume, and number remain the same despite changes in the forms of objects is known as: ° a) Assimilation ° b) Accommodation °c) Conservation « d) Object permanence » Answer: c) Conservation 26, According to Erikson, the stage of "generativity vs. stagnation" occurs during: » a) Young adulthood ° b) Middle adulthood °c) Late adulthood e d) Adolescence >» Answer: b) Middle adulthood27. In Erikson's theary, what is the main task during adolescence? ° a) Trust vs. mistrust » b) Autonomy vs. shame and doubt ° ¢) Identity vs. role confusion d) Integrity vs. despair » Answer: c) Identity vs. role confusion 28. The term "scaffolding" in Vygotsky's theory refers to: ° a) Providing support and assistance to a learner » b) Learning through trial and error ° c) Independent prablem solving » d) None of the above » Answer: a) Providing support and assistance to a learner 29. Which of the following best describes the term "maturation"? ° a) Learning new skills » b) Natural growth and development ° ¢) Acquiring language » d) Social interaction ° Answer: b) Natural growth and development30. A stage of moral development where behavior is based on social rules and laws is called: ° a) Preconventional ° b) Conventional ° ¢) Postconventional e d) Nonconventional » Answer: b) Conventional 31. Freud's stage of development during which the Oedipus complex occurs is the: ° a) Oral stage » b) Anal stage » ¢) Phallic stage » d) Latency stage » Answer: c) Phallic stage 32, At which stage in Erikson’s theory do individuals face the challenge of “intimacy vs. isolation"? » a) Adolescence » b) Young adulthood °c) Middle adulthood e d) Late adulthood ° Answer: b) Young adulthood33. In Piaget's theory, the stage where abstract and hypothetical thinking develops is: ° a) Sensorimotor e b) Preoperational ° ¢) Concrete operational e d) Formal operational ° Answer: d) Formal operational1. In Kohlberg’s moral development, the postconventional level is characterized by: » a) Obedience to authority » b) Social conformity » ¢) Following universal ethical principles « d) Avoiding punishment » Answer: c) Following universal ethical principles 2. Which parenting style is characterized by low responsiveness and low demands? » a) Authoritative » b) Authoritarian » ¢) Permissive » d) Neglectful » Answer: d) Neglectful 3. The concept of a "schema" in cognitive development refers to: » a) A mental framework for organizing information » b) A physical growth process » c) Emotional regulation » d) Language acquisition « Answer: a) A mental framework for4. The process of adjusting a schema to incorporate new information is called: » a) Assimilation » b) Accommodation » ¢) Equilibration » d) Conservation » Answer: b) Accommodation 5. A child’s inability to see a situation from another person's point of view is known as: » a) Conservation ° b) Animism » ¢) Egocentrism ° d) Object permanence » Answer: c) Egocentrism 6. In Freud's psychosexual stages, which stage involves the latency period where sexual impulses are dormant? » a) Oral stage ° b) Anal stage » G) Phallic stage ° d) Latency stage » Answer; d) Latency stage