Asian MathSci League, Inc (AMSLI)

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Student Copy
Grade 6 Session 4
Introduction to Algebra

Example 1. Simplify.
a. 9 + 6𝑦 − 3𝑦 − 3 = 9 − 3 + 6𝑦 − 3𝑦 = 6 + 3𝑦
𝑚 𝑚 𝑚 16𝑚+𝑚
b. 4𝑚 − 3 + 𝑚 ÷ 8 − 2𝑚 = 4𝑚 − 3 + − 2𝑚 = 4𝑚 − 2𝑚 + − 3 = 2𝑚 + − 3 = −3=
8 8 8 8
17𝑚
−3
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Example 2. Find the value of each of the following.
3𝑛+8𝑛
a. If 𝑛 = 7, find the value of .
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Substitute 𝑛 = 7 into the expression.
3×7+8×7 21 + 56 77
= = =7
11 11 11
6𝑐+4𝑐
b. If 𝑐 = 9, find the value of .
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Substitute 𝑐 = 9 into the expression.
6×9+4×9 54 + 36 90
= = = 30
3 3 3

Example 3. Mary had ₱𝑁 at first. She spent half of the money on a book and bought 8 pens at ₱24 each. How
much money had she left? Express your answer in terms of 𝑁.
𝑁 𝑁 𝑁 𝑁
Solution: 𝑏𝑜𝑜𝑘 → 𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑠 → 8 × 24 = 192 𝑚𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑦 𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡 → 𝑁 − ( + 192) = 𝑁 − − 192 = − 192
2 2 2 2
𝑁
Mary had ₱ ( − 192) left.
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Exercises A.
1. Simplify the following.
a. 20 + 10𝑤 − 5 − 7𝑤 c. 10𝑚 + 12 − 3𝑚 + 𝑚 − 5
b. 5𝑏 + 6 − 3𝑏 − 5 + 10 d. 4𝑛 ÷ 3 × 15 + (17𝑛 + 3𝑛) + 5𝑛

2. If 8𝑏 × 3 = 72, find the value of 𝑏.

3. Find the value of 𝑚 in 9𝑚 ÷ 3 = 21.

4. Find the value of the following.

a. 7𝑘 − 𝑘 ÷ 2 𝑖𝑓 𝑘 = 8. Substitute 𝑘 = 8.
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b. +2𝑎 − 4 𝑖𝑓 𝑎 = 3. Substitute 𝑎 = 3
𝑎
1 3 1 1
c. 2𝑎 + + 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑎 = . Substitute 𝑎 =
2𝑎 4 2 2
d. If 𝑟 = 4, find the value of 12𝑟 + 14 − 17 − 6𝑟. Substitute 𝑟 = 4
e. If 𝑦 = 7, find the value of 12 + 28𝑦 ÷ 4 − 3𝑦. Substitute 𝑦 = 7
f. 𝑎 = 20 + 4𝑐 and 𝑏 = 21 × 𝑐 − 19. Find 𝑎 + 𝑏.

5. The total age of Jane and her brother is (6𝑘 + 5) years. If Jane is 2𝑘 years old, find her brother’s age in
terms of 𝑘.

2024 AMEP SC Grade 6 Session 4 Prepared by Charles Kyle Mupas

 6. The average of 3 numbers is 𝑥 more than the average of 53 and 87. Find the sum of the 3 numbers in
terms of 𝑥.

7. Sam and Mark shared the total cost of a present. Mark paid ₱640 and Sam paid ₱20𝑛 more than Mark.
How much did the present cost? Give your answer in terms of 𝑛 in the simplest form.

8. The table shows the amount of rainfall over four consecutive days.

Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday

Amount of rainfall (cm) 3𝑚 − 4 2𝑚 + 5 𝑚−9 5𝑚 + 1

Find the average amount of rainfall over the four days.

9. Given that 𝑎, 𝑏, and 𝑐are different whole numbers from 1 to 9, find the largest possible value of
𝑎+𝑏+𝑐
.
𝑎×𝑏×𝑐

10. Eight years ago, Cindy was 𝑛 years old. Her brother, John, is 8 years younger than she is. What will be
their total age in 12 years’ time? Express your answer in terms of 𝑛.

11. The table below shows the number of muffins sold in a week.

Number of muffins sold

Monday to Friday 5𝑛 per day

Saturday 2𝑛 + 20
Sunday 3𝑛 − 4

a. Find the total number of muffins sold in the week. Express your answer in terms of 𝑛.
b. Given that 𝑛 = 76, find the total number of muffins sold over the weekend.

12. The average of 𝑛 numbers is 90. One of the numbers is 120. After removing the number 120, the average
of the remaining numbers becomes 84. Find the value of 𝑛.

Examples 4. Luke and Jenny had stickers in the ratio 4: 5, respectively. After Luke gave 112 stickers away, the
ratio of the number of stickers Luke had to the number of stickers Jenny had become 2: 3. Find the total number
of stickers that both of them had at first.
Solution: At first, 𝐿𝑢𝑘𝑒: 𝐽𝑒𝑛𝑛𝑦 = 4 ∶ 5 = 4𝑚 ∶ 5𝑚 Later, 𝐿𝑢𝑘𝑒: 𝐽𝑒𝑛𝑛𝑦 = 2 ∶ 3
4𝑚−112 2
Write the equation, =
5𝑚 3
3(4𝑚 − 112) = 2(5𝑚)
12𝑚 − 336 = 10𝑚 12𝑚 − 10𝑚 = 336
2𝑚 = 336𝑚 = 168
4𝑚 + 5𝑚 = 9𝑚 = 9(168) = 1 512. They had a total of 1512 stickers at first.
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Example 5. The school bookstore had a total of 329 erasers and exercise books on Monday. By end of Friday,
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of the erasers and of the exercise books were sold. Given that the store had 113 erasers and exercise books left
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on Friday, how many erasers were there in the bookstore on Monday?
Solution:
Let 𝑒 represent the number of erasers and 𝑏 represent the number of exercise books. 𝑒 + 𝑏 = 329
8𝑒 + 8𝑏 = 2 632
2024 AMEP SC Grade 6 Session 4 Prepared by Charles Kyle Mupas 2
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erasers left = 1 − =
4 4
3 2
exercise books left = 1 − =
5 5
1 2
𝑒 + 𝑏 = 1 135𝑒 + 8𝑏 = 2 260
4 5
8𝑒 − 5𝑒 = 2632 − 2 260
3𝑒 = 372𝑒 = 124 There were 124 erasers in bookstore on Monday.

Exercises B.
1. The number of oranges to the number of apples at a fruit stall are in the ratio of 1: 2 at first. After the fruit
vendor buys another 23 oranges, the ratio of the number of oranges to the number of apples became 3: 5.
a. How many apples are there at first?
b. How many apples and oranges are there in the end?

2. The ratio of the volume of apple juice in Jug 𝐴 to the volume of apple juice in jug 𝐵 was 7: 3. After 250 𝑚𝑙
of apple juice from jug 𝐴 was consumed and 430 𝑚𝑙 of apple juice was added to jug 𝐵, the volume of apple
juice in both jugs became the same. How much apples juice was there in jug 𝐴 at first?

3. The ratio of the number of men to the number women in an audience was 5: 7 at first. After 5 men entered
the auditorium and 81 women left the auditorium, the ratio became 3: 2. What was the total number of
men and women in the auditorium in the end?

4. David and Emma had some money in the ratio 3: 4. After David and Emma received an additional amount
of ₱600 and ₱4560, respectively, the ratio became 1: 2. How much did they have in total in the end?

5. Mavis had some red and blue beads. The number of red beads was 25% the total number of beads. After
giving away 20 red beads and 20 blue beads, the number of red beads was 25% the number of blue beads.
How many beads did she have at first?

6. There were 80 people at a mini concert. 40% of them were children. More children joined to watch the
concert and the percentage of children became 60%. How many more children joined to watch the
concert?

7. There were some black and white beads in a bottle. The number of black beads was 40% more than the
number of white beads. After 27 black beads were removed and 45 white beads were put into the bottle,
the number of black beads was then 50% fewer than the number of white beads. How many beads were
there in the bottle at first?

8. Isaac baked some blueberry and strawberry muffins. At first, the number of blueberry muffins was 25%
the total number of muffins. She then baked another 16 blueberry muffins and gave away 24 strawberry
muffins. In the end, the number of blueberry muffins was 50% the number of strawberry muffins.
a. How many blueberry muffins were there in the end?
b. How many strawberry muffins were there in the end?
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9. In Katipunan International School, of the students were Caucasians. After some students from this
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group returned to their home countries, the percentage of Caucasians in the school was 64%. If there
were 425 Caucasians in the school now, how many students were there at first?

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10. There were 120 fewer green apples than red apples at a fruit stall. The fruit vendor sold of the green
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apples and of the red apples. The number of red apples left was twice as many as the number of green
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apples left. How many apples were there in the basket at first?

2024 AMEP SC Grade 6 Session 4 Prepared by Charles Kyle Mupas 3

 5 7
11. The sum of two numbers is 477. of the first number is equal to of the second number. Find the two
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numbers.

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12. The sum of two numbers, 𝐴 and 𝐵, is 504. The sum of of the first number and of the second number is
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318. Find the values of 𝐴 and 𝐵.

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13. Ethan had a total of 160 black and white marbles. He lost of his black marbles and of his white marbles
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in a game. He then had 42 black and white marbles left after the game. How many black marbles were
there at first?

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14. A stationery shop had a total of 480 blue and red pens. After of the blue pens and of the red pens were
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sold, the number of blue and red pens left was 240. How many blue pens were there at first?

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15. Andy had 114 more stickers than Ben. After Andy lost of his stickers and Ben lost of his stickers, Andy
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had three times as many stickers as Ben. How many stickers did they have altogether at first?

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16. Alice, Bruce, Charles, and Daisy received a sum of ₱1188. Alice received of the total amount Bruce,
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1
Charles, and Daisy received. Bruce received of the total amount of money received by Charles and Daisy.
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1
Daisy received the amount received by Charles. How much money did Bruce receive?
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17. June has some red, blue, and green marbles. The number of blue marbles is of the total number of
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3
marbles The number of green marbles is the number of blue marbles. Given that the number of red
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marbles is 11 fewer than the blue marbles, how many marbles does June have altogether?

18. Anna had 60% of the total number of marbles his other 3 friends had. Cindy had 50% of the total number
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of marbles Ben and Dani had. The number of marbles Ben had was the number of marbles Dani had. If
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Anna had 39 more marbles than Dani, how many marbles did they have altogether?

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19. Kelvin has 25% as many cards as Simon. Larry has as many cards as Simon. If Simon gives 16 cards to
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Larry, Simon and Larry will have an equal number of cards. How many cards do the three boys have
altogether?

20. 65% of the beads in a bag are red. The rest are blue and green beads in the ratio 3: 2. There are 264 more
red beads than blue beads. How many beads are there in the bag altogether?

2024 AMEP SC Grade 6 Session 4 Prepared by Charles Kyle Mupas 4