2020

www.studysmartcbse.com

CHAPTER 11
THE HUMAN EYE AND
THE COLOURFUL WORLD
IMPORTANT QUESTIONS
STUDY TIME: 2 HOURS | NUMBER OF QUESTIONS: 24

CLASS 10
 Chapterwise Most Important Questions only
 Strictly CBSE Board level questions only
 All questions are from NCERT text or have been asked in earlier exams.
 Questions related to concepts which are repeatedly tested in the

SCIENCE 
CBSE Board exams have been given importance
Good for learning what is important and for quick revision

https://studysmartcbse.com/
https://studysmartcbse.com/
https://studysmartcbse.com/
https://studysmartcbse.com/ https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.studysmart.cbse&hl=en
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.studysmart.cbse&hl=en
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.studysmart.cbse&hl=en
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.studysmart.cbse&hl=en
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.studysmart.cbse&hl=en
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.studysmart.cbse&hl=en
https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.studysmart.cbse&hl=en
Chapter 11
The Human Eye and the Colourful World

1. In which of the following two cases the focal length of the eye lens will be more:
(a) When ciliary muscles of a normal eye is most relaxed.
(b) When ciliary muscles of a normal eye is in most contracted state. Explain
with reason.
[2 Marks]

2. (a) Mention value for the following:

(i) Range of vision for normal eye.
(ii) Far point for normal eye.
(iii) Near point for normal eye.
(b) Answer the following:
(i) Part of human eye which helps to change focal length of eye lens.
(ii) The part of human eye where image of an object is formed.
(iii) The ability of eye lens to adjust its focal length.
[3 Marks]

3. (a) Mention the role of crystalline lens in the human eye.

(b) How does the focal length of the eye lens change when we shift looking from
nearby object to a distant object?
[3 Marks]

4. Draw a diagram of human eye. Label the followingparts and give their
functions:
pupil, eye lens, ciliary muscles, retina.
[5 Marks]

5. Name the part of eye that plays major role in it. Generally old persons have to
use two types of lenses separately for reading and viewing distant objects.
Identify the defect from which they suffer. With the help of diagram, explain
how these lenses help them in reading and viewing distant objects.

[5 Marks]

6. (a) List the parts of the human eye that control the amount of time of light
entering into it. Explain how they perform this function.
(b) Write the function of retina in human eye.
(c) Do you know that the corneal-impairment can be cured by replacing the
defective cornrea with the cornea of the donated eye? How and why should we
organise groups to motivate the community members to donate their eyes after
death?
[5 Marks]

7. A person can see distant sign boards clearly but cannot read clearly a book
which is at 25 cm from his eye. Giving reason identify the defect. Draw a
labeled diagram to illustrate this defect and its correction.
[2 Marks]

Chapter wise Important Questions 1 www.studysmartcbse.com

8. A student sitting on the last bench in a classroom cannot read the blackboard
clearly.
(a) Name the kind of defect of vision the student is suffering from. Mention the
position image with respect to retina of his eye.
(b) Name the type of spherical lens he has to use to correct this defect.
(c) State two possible reasons for this defect of vision.
[3 Marks]

9. An old man cannot see objects closer than 1 m from the eye clearly. Name the
defect of vision he is suffering from. How can it be corrected? Draw ray diagram
for
(a) defect of vision and also (b) for its correction.
[3 Marks]

10. (a) Give one word for the following:

(i) Opaque membrane over lens.
(ii) Eye defect which is corrected by bifocal lens.
(iii) Eye defect in which far point of eye comes closer to the eye.
(iv) Eye defect which corrected by convex lens.
(v) Cells in this part generate electrical signal when light falls on it.
(vi) The capability of human eye to see distant as well as far object clearly.
(b) A person is suffering from myopia as well as hypermetropia. He needs
lenses power – 5.5 D + 1.5 D for correcting myopia and hypermetropia
respectively. Find the focal length of the lenses used by him in spectacles to
correct myopia and hypermetropia.
[5 Marks]

11. Make a well labelled diagram showing refraction of light through a glass prism
and of the following:
(a) Incident ray (b) Emergent ray (c) Refracted ray
(d) Angle of refraction (e) Angle of incidence (f) Angle of deviation
(g) Angle of emergence (h) Angle of prism
[2 Marks]

12. (a) With the help of ray diagram explain the phenomenon of refraction of a ray
through a glass prism. Mark on the diagram-angle of prism, angle of incidence,
angle of refraction, emergent ray and angle of deviation.
(b) Identify the rarer and denser medium in the above experiment.
[5 Marks]

13. What is a prism? Explain the term dispersion of light. Illustrate with a diagram
the phenomenon of dispersion through it.
[3 Marks]

Chapter wise Important Questions 2 www.studysmartcbse.com

14. Draw a labelled ray diagram to show the formation of rainbow in the sky giving
brief explanation of the phenomena involved in each stage. List two conditions
necessary to observe a rainbow.
[5 Marks]

15. Explain the dispersion of white light through a glass prism with the help of a
diagram. What will be observed when we allow a ray of white light to pass
through two identical prisms placed upside down to each other? Explain with
the help of a diagram.
[5 Marks]

16. (a) In the figure given alongside, mark the angle of prism,
angle of deviation for red and violet colour and incident ray.
(b) Explain how the components of white light can be
recombined after a prism has separated from them. Explain
With a help of figure.

∠A – Angle of prism
∠E – Angle of incident ray
∠F – Angle of deviation for
red and violet
[5 Marks]

17. A star appears on the horizon. What is the true position of the star? Explain
with the help of a diagram.
[2 Marks]

18. “Stars seem higher than they actually are.” Explain, why?
[2 Marks]

19. (a) If a person wears lens of power – 6D for distant vision and for correcting
his near vison he needs a lens of +2D. Determine the focal length of the lenses
in both the case.
(b) Give reason for the following natural phenomenon:
(i) Stars appear raised in the sky.
[5 Marks]

20. (a) How does refraction take place in the atmosphere?

(b) State any two effects of atmospheric refraction on the sun as observed from
the earth?
[5 Marks]

21. Describe atmospheric refraction. Explain with the help of diagram why the sun
is visible to us two minutes before the actual sunrise and two minutes after the
sunset.
[5 Marks]

Chapter wise Important Questions 3 www.studysmartcbse.com

22. Name the phenomenon responsible for:
(a) Advance sunrise
(b) Colour of water in deep sea
(c) Twinkle of stars
(d) Reddish appearance of the sun at the time of sunrise and sunset.
[2 Marks]

23. Mention and describe any two natural phenomena which occurs due to
scattering of light.
[3 Marks]

24. Why does the sun appear reddish at sunrise? Explain with the help of a
diagram.
[3 Marks]

Chapter wise Important Questions 4 www.studysmartcbse.com

 INDIVIDUAL QUESTION SOLUTIONS

1.
(a) ● Focal length of the eye lens will be more when ciliary muscles is most
relaxed.
● It is because in this state, eye lens becomes thinner, hence its focal length
increases.
(b) Focal length of the eye lens will be least when ciliary muscles are in their most
contracted state. It is because in this state, eye lens become thicker, hence its focal
length decreases.

2.
(a) (i) 25 cm to infinity (ii) Infinity (iii) 25 cm
(b) (i) Ciliary muscle (ii) Retina (iii) Accommodation

3.
(a) The crystalline lens provides the finer adjustment of focal length required to
focus objects at different distance on the retina.
(b) When we look at a nearby object, the ciliary muscles contract. This increases
thecurvature of the eye lens and hence, its focal length decreases. However, when
we seedistant object, ciliary muscle relaxes. This causes decrease in curvature of
the eye lens.Thus, its focal length increases in order to clearly see a distant object.

4.

Crystalline Lens Ciliary muscles

Aqueous
humour Retina
Pupil
Iris Optic nerve

Cornea

Vitreous humour
Functions of the human eye:
(i) Pupil: The pupil regulates and controls the amount of light entering in the
eyes.
(ii) Eye lens: Human eye lens is a crystalline convex lens on which image
forms.
(iii) Ciliary muscles: They help in adjusting the focal length of eye lens.
(iv) Retina: Retina is a light sensitive surface of the eye where the real image
is formed.

Chapter wise Important Questions 5 www.studysmartcbse.com

5.
Eye lens plays major role in it.
The defect from which old person suffer is Presbyopia. In this case, a person
suffers from myopia and hypermetropia.

Correction for myopia

Correction for hypermetropia

A common type of bifocal lenses for presbyopia consists of both concave and
convex lenses. The upper portion consists of concave lens that facilitates to view
distant objects lower part is convex lens that facilitates to help in reading.

6.
(a) Iris and pupil together acts to control the amount of light entering into the eye.
Iris controls the size of the pupil. When Iris contracts the pupil, a small amount of
light in the eye. But when iris expands the pupil, this allows more light to enter the
eye.
(b) Retina acts as a light-sensitive screen where the image of an object is formed.
(c) Yes, the corneal impairment can be cured by replacing the defective cornea
with cornea of the donated eye. We should motivate the community members to
donate eyes because eyes can live even after the death of a person. Thus, cornea of
the donated eye can be used for corneal replacement of defective cornea. This can
be only possible by creating awareness among of the people about eye donation.

7.
● He is suffering from hypermetropia because the person is only able to see
objects
far away from the eyes.
● Convex lens of suitable focal length is required to correct this defect.

(a) (b)

Chapter wise Important Questions 6 www.studysmartcbse.com

8.
(a) The student is suffering from myopia or short sightedness. In myopic eye, the
image of a distant object is formed in front of the retina.
(b) Concave lens has to be used to correct this defect.
(c) Two possible reasons for this defect of vision are as follows:
(i) Focal length of eye lens becomes small.
(ii) The distance of the retina from the eye lens increases.

9.
● He is suffering from Myopia.
● It can be corrected by using concave lens.

Myopia Correction

10.
(a) (i) Cornea (ii) Presbyopia (iii) Myopia
(iv) Hypermetropia (v) Retina (vi) Power of accommodation

(b) For Myopia: P= ∴f= = .

= = m = −0.18 m
focal length required = -0.18 m

For Hypermetropia: f= = .
D= = m = 0.66 m
focal length required = 0.66 m

11.

PE – Incident ray
EF – Refracted ray
FS – Emergent ray
∠A – Angle of prism
∠i – Angle of incidence
∠r – Angle of refraction
∠e – Angle of emergence
∠D – Angle of deviation

12.
(a) ∠A – Angle of prism
∠i – Angle of incidence
∠r – Angle of refraction
FS – Emergent ray
∠D – Angle of deviation

Chapter wise Important Questions 7 www.studysmartcbse.com

(b) ● Rarer medium PQE
● Denser medium EF

13.
● A prism is a device which is used in the laboratory to show splitting of whitelight
into seven colours.
● The process of splitting up white light into its constituent colours as it passes
through refracting medium is known as dispersion of light.
● It bends towards the base of prism after passing through it

White Light

14.
We see rainbow after a rain shower. It is
always formed in a direction opposite to that Sunlight
of the Sun. The water droplets acts like prisms. Rain drops
they refract and disperse the incident sunlight,
then reflect it externally and finally refract it again
when it comes out of the droplet. Due to dispersion
of light and external reflection, different colours
reaches our eyes. Red
Two conditions necessary to observe a rainbow: Violet
(1) It is seen in the sky only after a rain shower.
(2) The position of sun should be always behind
the observer. Observer

15.
When a narrow beam of white light passes through a glass prism, dispersion of
white light takes place. White light splits into its seven constituent colours and this
is known as spectrum.

Chapter wise Important Questions 8 www.studysmartcbse.com

Dispersion of white light

White light
White light spectrum
beam
Glass prism
Two prisms placed upside down
Screen

White light
White light

Angle of the prism

When the first prism splits the white light into seven colours and the second
prism in inverted position, it again recombines all colours to produce white light.
It happens because dispersion produced by the first prism is reversed by the
second prism.

16.
(a) Angle of the prism

Angle for Angle of deviation

incident ray

Red
White light

Violet

(b)

White light

White light

Chapter wise Important Questions 9 www.studysmartcbse.com

The first prism P1 splits the white light into seven colours and the second prism in
inverted position, again recombines all colours to produce white light. It happens
because dispersion produced by the first prism is reversed by the second prism.

17. Apparent position of

True position of the star is below the horizon. the star
Incident rays from star, travel through earth’s
atmosphere and reach observer’s eye. These
incident rays travel from rarer atmosphere to
denser atmosphere and bend towards the normal.
Thus, they appear to come from different position
Which is slightly upwards.

Observer

18.
Stars are independent sources of light, situated very far away from earth. Light
froma star travels in vacuum and then enters earth’s atmosphere. As optical
density ofair increases towards the surface of earth, light from the star travels
from rarer todenser layers, bending every time towards normal. On producing the
finalrefractedray backwards, it is seen that the apparent position of the star is
higher.

19.
(a) ● Power = -6 D ● Power = 2D
P= P=
f= = −0.166 m 2D =
f = 0.5 m

(b) (iii) The starlight, on entering the earth’s atmosphere undergoes refraction
continuously before it reaches the earth. The atmospheric refraction occurs in
medium gradually changes refractive index. Since the atmosphere bends
starlight towards the normal, the apparent position of star is slightly higher
than actual position.

20.
(a) The apparent random wavering or flickering of objects seen through a
turbulent steam of hot air rising above a fire or radiator. The air just above the
fire becomes hotter from the air further up. The hotter air is lighter than
cooler air above it. Since the physical additions of the refracting medium (air)
are not stationary, the apparent position of the object as seen through the hot
air fluctuates. This wavering is thus an effect of refraction of light by the
earth’s atmosphere on a small scale in our environment.
(b) Sunrise and sunset are the two effects of atmospheric refraction on the sun as
observed from the earth.

Chapter wise Important Questions 10 www.studysmartcbse.com

21.
Atmospheric refraction is a shift in apparent direction of a celestial object caused
by the refraction of light rays as they pass through the atmosphere. Apparent position of
The sun is visible to us about two minutes before the the star
actual sunrise and about two minutes after the actual
sunset because of atmospheric refraction. Actual sunrise Observer Horizon
means the actual crossing of the horizon by the sun.
diagram shows the actual and apparent position of the sun
with respect to the horizon. Thus the time difference
between actual sunset and apparent sunset is about two
minutes.

Atmosphere

22.
(a) Atmospheric refraction (b) Scattering of light
(c) Atmospheric refraction (d) Scattering of light

23.
(1) Tyndall effect – The phenomenon of scattering of light by the suspended
particles is termed as Tyndall effect. The colour of the scattered light depend
on the size of the scattering particles.
(2) During sunrise and sunset the sky appear red. It happens because of scattering
of light. During sunset and sunrise the sun is red because near the horizon
most of the blue colour and shorter wavelengths are scattered by the particles.
Therefore the light that reaches our eyes of longer wavelength (e.g. red). This
give rise to the reddish appearance of the sun.

24.
For answer to the question “Why does the sun appear redish at sunrise”, refer to
question number 24.

Sun nearly
overhead

Less blue
Blue scattered away scattered
Sun appears reddish

Observer

Chapter wise Important Questions 11 www.studysmartcbse.com