Exercise 9(A) — Multiple Choice Type

Question 1

A cell is used to :

Answer provide current in a circuit

Reason — The cell or a battery is a source of direct current (d.c.). It provides current as a result of
irreversible reaction.

Question 2

In a cell, ............... energy changes into ............... energy when it sends current in a circuit.

Answer chemical, electrical

Reason — In a cell, chemical energy changes into electrical energy when it sends current in a circuit.

Question 3

During charging of a secondary cell, the .............. energy changes into .............. energy and gets
stored in the cell.

Answer electrical, chemical

Reason — During charging of a secondary cell, the electrical energy changes into chemical energy
and gets stored in the cell.

Question 4

Primary cells provide current as a result of .............. chemical reaction and secondary cells provide
current as a result of .............. reaction.

Answer irreversible, reversible

Reason — Primary cells provide current as a result of irreversible chemical reaction and secondary
cells provide current as a result of reversible reaction.

Question 5

Identify the correct statement (s)

(i) Primary cell is capable of giving low as well as high current whereas secondary cells provide a
weak current only.

(ii) The internal resistance of primary cells is low and that of secondary cells is high.

Answer none of the above

Reason — Primary cell is capable of giving a weak current only and secondary cells provides a low
as well as high current.
The internal resistance of primary cells is high and that of secondary cells is low.

Question 6

Current is the rate of flow of charge across a cross-section ............... the flow of current.

1.

Answer normal to the direction of

Reason — Current is the rate of flow of charge across a cross-section normal to the direction of the
flow of current.

Question 7

In metals, current flows due to the movement of :

Answer electrons

Reason — In metals, current flows due to the movement of electrons.

Question 8

If n electrons pass through the cross-section of a conductor in time t, the current in conductor I =

1. net

2. et/n

3. ne/t

4. nt/e

Answer ne/t

Reason — If n electrons pass through the cross-section of a conductor in time t, then total charge
passes (Q) = n x e and

the current in conductor (I) = Q/t = ne/t

Question 9

The conventional current is in a direction ............... the direction of motion of electrons.

Answer opposite

Reason — Conventionally, the direction of current is taken positive in the direction of flow of
positive charge. Therefore, conventionally, the current will be negative in the direction of flow of
electrons. Hence, current is in a direction opposite to the direction of motion of electrons.

Question 10

The S.I. unit of current is :

Answer both (b) and (c)

Reason — The S.I. unit of charge is coulomb and S.I. unit of time is second. Hence, current is
coulomb per second also known as ampere.

Question 11

A battery is correctly represented by :

Answer

Reason — A battery is formed by joining a number of cells together in series (i.e., cathode of one cell
connected to the anode of another cell).

Question 12

A ............... is a device by which resistance in a circuit can be varied continuously.

Answer rheostat

Reason — A rheostat is a device by which resistance in a circuit can be varied continuously. It is used
to adjust the magnitude of current in a circuit by changing the length of the resistance wire included in
the circuit.

Question 13

Rheostat is used in a circuit to provide :

Answer variable resistance

Reason — A rheostat is a device by which resistance in a circuit can be varied continuously. It is used
to adjust the magnitude of current in a circuit by changing the length of the resistance wire included in
the circuit.

Question 14

An instrument used to measure the magnitude of current flowing in a circuit is :

Answer ammeter

Reason — An ammeter is an instrument used to measure the magnitude of current flowing in a

circuit.

Question 15

A ............... is either used to detect the presence of a weak current or to only know the direction of
flow of current in a circuit.
Answer galvanometer

Reason — A galvanometer is used to either detect the presence of a weak current or to only know the
direction of flow of current in a circuit. It does not measure the magnitude of current in a circuit.

Question 16

Insulators have ...............electrons and conductors have ............... electrons.

Answer no free, large number of free

Reason — Insulators have no free electrons and offer very high resistance and conductors have large
number of free electrons and they offer very small resistance to the flow of electrons.

Question 17

An insulator of electricity is:

Answer silk

Reason — Silk does not conduct electricity, hence is an insulator.

Question 18

The presence of ............... in the path makes a circuit incomplete and current does not flow.

Answer insulator

Reason — The presence of insulator in the path makes a circuit incomplete and current does not flow.

Question 19

Select the best insulator among the following

Answer Pure water

Reason — Pure water is a good insulator as it has a low concentration of ions so it does not conduct
electricity very well. On the other hand, the human body, aluminum, and mercury are not good
insulators. The human body contains electrolytes and can conduct electricity. Aluminum is a metal
and is highly conductive. Mercury is a liquid metal and also conducts electricity well.

Question 20

Connecting wires are made of substances that have :

Answer all of these

Reason — Connecting wires are typically made of substances, such as copper or aluminum, that
possess highly conducting materials, negligible resistance, and a large number of free electrons. These
characteristics allow for efficient flow of electric current through the wires.

Exercise 9(A) — Very Short Answer Type

Question 1

Name one d.c. source and one a.c. source.

Answer

The cell or a battery is a source of direct current (d.c.).

The mains in our house or an a.c. generator are the source of alternating current (a.c.).

Question 2

What is an electric cell?

Answer

An electric cell is a device that converts chemical energy into electrical energy when it sends current
in a circuit. It consists of a vessel containing two conducting rods, called the electrodes, at some
separation, placed or immersed in a solution (or jelly), called the electrolyte.

Question 3

What transformation of energy takes place when current is drawn from a cell?

Answer

When current is drawn from a cell, chemical energy changes to electrical energy.

Question 4

Name the constituents of a cell.

Answer

A cell consists of two electrodes and an electrolyte placed in a vessel.

Question 5

State the two kinds of cell. Give one example of each.

Answer

The two kinds of cells with examples are —

1. Primary cell
Example — Daniel cell
2. Secondary cells or accumulators
Example — Ni-Fe (or alkali) accumulator

Question 6

How much is the charge on an electron?

Answer

The charge on an electron is -1.6 x 10-19 coulomb.

Question 7

n electrons flow through a cross section of a conductor in time t. If charge on an electron is e, write an
expression for the current in the conductor.

Answer

Current in conductor I = QttQ = nettne

Question 8

Name the instrument used to control current in an electric circuit.

Answer

Rheostat.

Question 9

What is the function of a key (or switch) in an electric circuit?

Answer

A key is used to put the current on or off in a circuit.

Question 10

Select conductors of electricity from the following — Copper wire, silk thread, pure water, acidulated
water, human body, glass, mercury.

Answer

The conductors of electricity are — copper wire, acidulated water, human body and mercury.

Exercise 9(A) — Short Answer Type

Question 1

What is a primary cell? Name two such cells.

Answer

Primary cell — These cells provide current as a result of irreversible chemical reaction. The
cells are discarded after use when the entire chemical energy in them has been converted into
electrical energy. Thus, these are 'use and throw' types of cells and cannot be recharged.

Depending upon the material of electrodes and electrolyte, we have different types of primary cells
e.g., simple voltaic cell, dry cell, etc.
Question 2

What is a secondary cell? Name one such cell.

Answer

Secondary cells or accumulators also provide current as a result of a chemical reaction. In these cells,
the chemical reaction is reversible and so they can be recharged after use. e.g., Lead accumulator.

Question 3

What do you understand by the term current? State and define it's S.I. unit.

Answer

Current is the rate of flow of charge across a cross-section normal to the direction of flow of
current.

The S.I. unit of current is coulomb per second which is called ampere. It is denoted by the symbol A.

Question 4

What are conductors and insulators of electricity? Give two examples of each.

Answer

Conductors — The substances which allow the current to flow through them easily are called
conductors. They have large number of free electrons and they offer a very small resistance to the
flow of current.

Examples — impure water (or acidulated water) and mercury are conductors of electricity.

Insulators — The substances which do not allow current to flow through them are called
insulators. They have almost no electrons and offer a very high resistance to the flow of current.

Example — cotton, rubber.

Question 5

State two differences between a conductor and an insulator of electricity.

Answer

The differences between a conductor and an insulator of electricity are as follows —

Conductor Insulator

Allow the current to flow through them easily Do not allow current to flow through them.

They have large number of free electrons and they offer a They have almost no electrons and offer a very
very small resistance to the flow of current. high resistance to the flow of current.
Question 6

Write the condition required for a circuit to be a closed circuit.

Answer

For an electric circuit to be closed, each component of it must pass current through it, i.e., it should be
conducting

Question 7

How will you obtain a source of large direct current ? Show it with the help of a diagram.

Answer

When a strong direct current is needed, either we join a number of cells together in series (cathode of
one cell connected to the anode of another cell), to form a battery or we use a storage cell.

Question 8

Which material is used to make wires for a resistance box ? Why is this particular material used ?

Answer

Manganin is an alloy which is used for preparing wires in a resistance box. It is used because of its
property that its resistance does not vary much with temperature.

Question 9

A galvanometer has an 'O' mark at the middle, while a voltmeter and ammeter has the mark at the left
hand corner of the dial. Explain.

Answer

A galvanometer is used to know the direction of flow of current in a circuit. Current can enter or leave
through any of its terminals, therefore it has just an 'O' mark at the middle and no +/- signs at its
terminals.
On the other hand, Ammeter and Voltmeter measure the current and voltage in the circuit,
respectively. Therefore, the + sign marked at the left hand corner indicates that current must enter
through this terminal.

Question 10

What is meant by load in an electrical circuit ? Give some examples.

Answer
An appliance which is connected in a circuit is called a load. It may be just a resistance or a
combinations of different electrical components. Examples : bulb, refrigerator, microwave etc.

Exercise 9(A) — Long Answer Type

Question 1

Distinguish between d.c. and a.c.

Answer

The differences between d.c. and a.c are as follows —

Direct current (d.c.) Alternating current (a.c.)

Direct current (d.c) is a current of constant Alternating current (a.c.) is the current for which both the
magnitude flowing in one direction magnitude and direction change with time.

The cell or a battery is a source of d.c. The mains in our house or an a.c. generator are the
current. source of alternating current (a.c.).

Question 2

Distinguish between a closed circuit and an open circuit, with the use of suitable labelled diagram.

Answer

The differences are —

Closed circuit Open circuit

Current flows only in a closed circuit Current does not flow in an open circuit.

For an electric circuit to be closed, each If there is an insulator in the path (or the circuit is
component of it must pass current through it, i.e., broken), the circuit is incomplete (or open) and the
it should be conducting current will not flow through it.

The diagram below shows closed and open circuits:

Question 3

State three differences between primary and secondary cells.

Answer

The differences between a primary and a secondary cell are —

Primary cell Secondary cell

Chemical reactions
Chemical reactions are reversible.
are irreversible.

Electrical energy converts into chemical energy when current is passed

Chemical energy is converted into
in it (i.e., during charging), while chemical energy converts into
electrical energy when current is
electrical energy when current is drawn from it (i.e., during
drawn from it.
discharging).

It can not be recharged. It can be recharged.

Question 4

Write symbols and state functions of each of the following components in an electric circuit —

(i) key

(ii) cell

(iii) rheostat

(iv) ammeter

(v) voltmeter

Answer

The symbol and function of the components are as follows —

(i) Key

Symbol:

Function:
A key is used to put the current on and off in a circuit.

(ii) Cell

Symbol:

Function:
A cell acts as a source of direct current for the circuit.

(iii) Rheostat

Symbol:

Function:
It controls the flow of current in a circuit.

(iv) Ammeter

Symbol:

Function:
An ammeter is an instrument used to measures the magnitude of current flowing in a circuit.

(v) Voltmeter

Symbol:
Function:
A voltmeter is used to measure the potential difference between two points of a circuit.

Question 5

In the electric circuit shown in the figure below, label the parts A, B, C, D, E, and F. State the
function of each part. Show in the diagram the direction of flow of current.

Answer

The diagram below shows the direction of flow of current marked by red arrows and the labelled parts
— A, B, C, D, E, and F

The name and function of each part is as follows —

A → Ammeter.

An ammeter is an instrument used to measure the magnitude of current flowing in a circuit.

B → Cell.

It acts as a source of direct current for the circuit.

C → key.

It is used to put the current on and off in the circuit.

D → Load.

An appliance which is connected in a circuit. It may be a resistance (e.g., bulb, heater etc.) or a
combination of different electrical components.

E → Voltmeter.
A voltmeter is used to measure the potential difference between two points of a circuit.

F → Rheostat.

A rheostat is a device by which resistance in a circuit can be varied continuously.

Question 6

(a) Complete the circuit given in figure by inserting between the terminals A and C, an ammeter. (b)
In the diagram mark the polarity at the terminals of ammeter and indicate clearly the direction of flow
of current in the circuit, when the circuit is complete. (c) Name and state the purpose of Rh in the
circuit.

Answer

(a) The circuit with ammeter between the terminals A and C with polarity marked is shown below:

(b) The direction of flow of current in the completed circuit with ammeter (polarity marked) is shown
below:

(c) Rh is the rheostat. It controls the flow of current in a circuit.

Exercise 9(A) — Numericals

Question 1

A charge 0.5 C passes through a cross section of a conductor in 5 s. Find the current.

Answer

Given,

charge (Q) = 0.5 C,

time (t) = 5 s

current (I) = ?

I=QtI=tQ

Substituting the values we get,

I=0.55⇒I=0.1 AI=50.5⇒I=0.1 A

Hence, current = 0.1 A

Question 2

A current of 1.5 A flows through a conductor for 2.0 s. What amount of charge passes through the
conductor?

Answer

Given,

current (I) = 1.5 A

time (t) = 2 s

charge (Q) = ?

I=QtI=tQ

Substituting the values we get,

1.5=Q2⇒Q=1.5×2⇒Q=3 C1.5=2Q⇒Q=1.5×2⇒Q=3 C

Hence, amount of charge that passes through the conductor = 3 C

Question 3

When starter motor of a car is switched on for 0.8 s, a charge 24 C passes through the coil of the
motor. Calculate the current in the coil.

Answer
Given,

Time = 0.8 s

charge = 24 C

current = ?

I=QtI=tQ

Substituting the values we get,

I=240.8⇒I=30 AI=0.824⇒I=30 A

Hence, the current in the coil = 30 A

Exercise 9(B) — Multiple Choice Type

Question 1

In the given figure, the flow of electrons would be :

Answer A to B

Reason — Conductor A is negatively charged while conductor B is positively charged. Electrons

flow from the negatively charged conductor A to positively charged conductor B.

Question 2

An electric cell works :

Answer as a source of electrons

Reason — In an electric cell, excess electrons on the cathode and a deficit of electrons on the anode
are maintained by a chemical reaction. This creates a continuous flow of electrons in the external
circuit, from the cathode to the anode. Thus, an electric cell works as a source of electrons

Question 3

Current in a circuit flows:

Answer in direction from high potential to low potential

Reason — Electric current flows from a body at higher potential to a body at lower potential, in a
direction opposite to the direction of flow of electrons.

Question 4
A conductor having an excess of electrons is said to be at ............... potential while a conductor
having a deficit of electrons is at .............. potential.

Answer lower, higher

Reason — A conductor having an excess of electrons is said to be at negative (lower) potential while
a conductor having a deficit of electrons is at positive (higher) potential.

Question 5

The force between the two charges is ............... when they are at an infinite separation.

Answer zero

Reason — The force between the two charges is zero when they are at an infinite separation.

Question 6

The unit of potential difference is:

Answer volt

Reason — Potential difference is measured in joule per coulomb which is named as volt (V).

Question 7

The S.I. unit of potential is :

Answer Both (a) and (b)

Reason — The S.I. unit of potential is joule/coulomb or volt (symbol V).

Question 8

On increasing the resistance in a circuit, the current in it:

Answer decreases

Reason — Current (I) is inversely proportional to the resistance (R) hence it decreases.

Question 9

A larger wire offers ................ resistance than a shorter wire.

Answer more

Reason — The resistance of a wire increases with its length because the moving electrons experience
more collisions when traveling a longer distance. Hence, resistance of a wire is directly proportional
to the length of the wire.

Question 10

A thicker wire offers ............... resistance than a thin wire.

Answer less

Reason — In a thick wire, electrons get a larger area of cross section to flow as compared to a thin
wire, therefore, a thick wire offers less resistance (i.e., resistance of wire is inversely proportional
to the area of cross section of the wire).

Question 11

Upon increasing the temperature, the resistance of a wire :

Answer increases

Reason — If the temperature of the wire increases, ions in it vibrate more violently. As a result, the
number of collisions increases and hence the resistance of wire increases (i.e., the resistance of the
wire increases with the increase in it's temperature.

Question 12

The resistance of a conductor would be ............... if a current of 2 A flows through it when the
potential difference across its ends is 2 volt.

Answer 1Ω

Reason — As, R = VIIV

I = 2A
V = 2 volt

Hence, R = 2222 = 1Ω

Exercise 9(B) — Very Short Answer Type

Question 1

What is the other name for the unit :

(a) Joule per Coulomb

(b) Coulomb per second

Answer

(a) Volt (v)

(b) Ampere (A)

Question 2

For what purpose is a battery connected in a circuit?

Answer

A battery is connected in a circuit when a strong current is needed.

Question 3

How will the resistance of a wire change if it is stretched ?

Answer

The resistance of a wire will increase when it is stretched due to increase in length and decrease in
area of cross section.

Question 4

How does current change with voltage when it is altered across a given resistance ?

Answer

On increasing the voltage, the current increases and vice versa because voltage (potential difference)
is directly proportional to current.

Question 5

Name the physical quantities of which the units are —

(a) Coulomb and ampere

(b) Volt and ohm

Answer

The physical quantities are —

(a) Charge and Current

(b) Potential difference and Resistance

Question 6

How is the direction of flow of current between two charged conductors determined by their
potentials?

Answer

The direction of flow of current is from a body at a higher potential to the one at a lower
potential i.e., in direction opposite to the direction of flow of electrons.

Question 7

Define the term potential difference.

Answer

Potential difference between two conductors is equal to the work done in transferring a unit positive
charge from one conductor to the other conductor.
If work W is done in transferring a test charge q from one conductor to the other, the potential
difference between them is

V1−V2=WqV1−V2=qW

Potential difference is a scalar quantity.

Question 8

State and define the S.I. unit of potential difference.

Answer

The S.I. unit of potential difference is Volt (V) or joule per coulomb.

The potential difference between two points is said to be 1 volt if work done in transferring 1 coulomb
of charge from one point to the other point is 1 joule.

Question 9

State and define the S.I. unit of resistance.

Answer

S.I. unit of resistance is Ohm (Ω) or volt per ampere.

The resistance of a conductor is said to be 1 ohm if a current of 1 ampere flows through it when the
potential difference across it's ends is 1 volt.

Question 10

State Ohm's law.Answer Ohm's law states that current flowing through a conductor is directly

i.e., I ∝ V or V ∝ I or V = IR where R is the resistance of the conductor.

proportional to the potential difference applied across it's ends provided it's temperature is constant.

Question 11

How are the potential difference (V), current (I) and resistance (R) related?

Answer

V = IR

Question 12

State whether the resistance of filament of a bulb will decrease, remain unchanged or increase when it
glows.

Answer

The resistance of the filament increases, when a bulb glows as the temperature of the filament
increases.

Exercise 9(B) — Short Answer Type

Question 1

What do you understand by the term resistance?

Answer

The obstruction offered to the flow of current by a conductor is called it's electrical resistance.

Question 2

How is the current flowing in a conductor changed if the resistance of conductor is doubled keeping
the potential difference across it the same?

Answer

According to Ohm's law,

V=IR⇒I=VRV=IR⇒I=RV

Let the doubled resistance be 2R. Potential difference remains the same

Inew=V2R⇒Inew=I2Inew=2RV⇒Inew=2I

∴ If the resistance of conductor is doubled keeping the potential difference across it the same
then current flowing in a conductor will be halved.

Question 3

Figure below shows two conductors A and B. Their charges and potentials are given in the diagram.
State the direction of (i) flow of electrons, and (ii) flow of current, when both the conductors are
joined by a metal wire.

Answer

(a) The direction of flow of electrons is from A to B (i.e., from a low potential to a high potential)

(b) The direction of flow of current when both the conductors are joined by a metal wire is from B to
A. (i.e., from a high potential to a low potential)

Question 4

How is the resistance of a wire affected if it's (a) length is doubled, (b) radius is doubled?

Answer

(a) If the length is doubled, the resistance of the wire doubles as resistance of a wire is directly
proportional to the length of the wire.
(b) The resistance of a wire becomes less or one-fourth when the radius of the wire is doubled as
resistance of a wire is inversely proportional to the area of cross section of the wire.

Question 5

'The potential difference between two conductors is 1 volt'. Explain the meaning of this statement.

Answer

The statement 'potential difference between two conductors is 1 volt' means that 1 joule of work is
done in transferring 1 coulomb of charge from one conductor to the other.

Question 6

'The resistance of wire is 1 ohm'. Explain the meaning of this statement.

Answer

'The resistance of wire is 1 ohm' means that current of 1 ampere flows through it when the potential
difference across it's ends is 1 volt.

Exercise 9(B) — Long Answer Type

Question 1

Explain the concept of electric potential difference in terms of work done in transferring the charge.

Answer

We know that, like charges repel and unlike charges attract, therefore to create an excess or deficit of
electrons at a point, some work is to be done in moving the charges (or electrons) against the forces
between them. The force between the two charges is zero when they are at infinite separation.

Hence, quantitatively, potential at a point is measured in terms of work done in bringing a charge q
from infinity to that point. If work W' is done in bringing a charge q from infinity to a point, then
potential at that point is:

V=W′qV=qW′

Hence, the potential difference between two conductors is measured in terms of work done in
transferring the charge from one conductor to the other, through a metallic wire.

Potential difference is a scalar quantity.

Question 2

Explain why does a metal wire when connected to a cell offer resistance to the flow of current.

Answer

A metal wire has free electrons which move in a random manner in the absence of any cell connected
across it.
When the ends of the wire are connected to a cell, the electrons start moving from the negative
terminal of cell to it's positive terminal through the metal wire.

During their movement, they collide with the fixed positive ions and other free electrons of the wire
due to which their speed decreases and direction of motion changes.

After each collision, they again accelerate towards the positive terminal and suffer collision with other
positive ions and free electrons again. This process continues.

As a result, the electrons do not move in bulk with increasing speeds from one end to the other but
they drift towards the positive terminal. This is how a wire offers resistance to the flow of electrons
(or current) through it.

Question 3

State three factors on which the resistance of a wire depends. Explain how does the resistance depend
on the factors stated by you.

Answer

The factors on which the resistance of a wire depend are —

1. The length of the wire — The number of collisions suffered by the moving electrons will be
more if they have to travel a longer distance in a wire, therefore a long wire offers more
resistance than a short wire (i.e., resistance of a wire is directly proportional to the length
of the wire).
2. The area of cross section of wire — In a thick wire, electrons get a larger area of cross
section to flow as compared to a thin wire, therefore, a thick wire offers less resistance
(i.e., resistance of wire is inversely proportional to the area of cross section of the wire).
3. The temperature of the wire — If the temperature of the wire increases, ions in it vibrate
more violently. As a result, the number of collisions increases and hence the resistance of
wire increases (i.e., the resistance of the wire increases with the increase in it's
temperature.

Exercise 9(B) — Numericals

Question 1

In transferring 1.5 C charge through a wire, 9 J of work is done. Find the potential difference across
the wire.

Answer

Given,

charge (q) = 1.5 C

work = 9 J

potential difference across the wire

V=wqV=qw

Substituting the values in the formula, we get,

V=91.5⇒V=6VV=1.59⇒V=6V

Hence, the potential difference across the wire = 6 V.

Question 2

A cell of potential difference 12V is connected to a bulb. The resistance of filament of bulb when it
glows, is 24Ω. Find the current drawn from the cell.

Answer

Given,

V = 12 V

R = 24 ?

I=?

From Ohm's Law,

V = IR

Substituting the values in the formula, we get,

12=I×24⇒I=1224⇒I=0.5A12=I×24⇒I=2412⇒I=0.5A

Hence, the current drawn from the cell = 0.5 A

Question 3

A bulb draws current 1.5 A at 6.0 V. Find the resistance of filament of bulb while glowing.

Answer

Given,

I = 1.5 A

Potential difference = 6 V

R=?

From Ohm's Law,

V = IR

Substituting the values in the formula, we get,

6=1.5×R⇒R=61.5⇒R=4Ω6=1.5×R⇒R=1.56⇒R=4Ω

Hence, the resistance of filament of bulb while glowing = 4Ω

Question 4
A current 0.2 A flows in a wire of resistance 15Ω. Find the potential difference across the ends of the
wire.

Answer

Given,

I = 0.2 A

R = 15Ω

Potential difference = ?

From Ohm's Law,

V = IR

Substituting the values in the formula, we get,

V = 0.2 x 15 = 3 V

Hence, the potential difference across the ends of the wire = 3 V

Exercise 9(C) — Multiple Choice Type

Question 1

An efficient use of energy results in :

Answer both (b) and (c)

Reason — An efficient use of energy results in reduction of (i) the cost of energy and, (ii) the
emission of greenhouse gases.

Question 2

The most non-polluting and efficient lighting device is —

Answer

LED

Reason — The use of LED (light emitting diode) bulbs for lighting reduces the consumption of
energy drastically. It is also helpful in reducing global warming and the harmful effects of mercury
used in fluorescent lights.

Question 3

IEA is the short form of —

Answer International Energy Agency

Reason — According to the International Energy Agency (IEA), the improved energy efficiency in
buildings, industries and transportation could reduce the world's energy need in 2050 by one-third and
thus it can help to control global emission of greenhouse gases.

Question 4

LED stands for:

Answer Light emitting diode

Reason — LED stands for Light emitting diode.

Exercise 9(C) — Very Short Answer Type

Question 1

State the first traditional electric device to be used for home lighting.

Answer

The traditional incandescent light bulbs were the first electric device to be used for home lighting.

Question 2

Which of the following device is most efficient for lighting purpose:

LED, CFL, Fluorescent tube light, Electric bulb.

Answer

LED (Light Emitting Diode)

Exercise 9(C) — Short Answer Type

Question 1

State two ways to save energy.

Answer

The ways to save energy are —

1. By properly insulating a home, it is possible to maintain a comfortable temperature inside. It

will reduce the cost of heating devices in winter and cooling devices in summer.
2. The use of fluorescent and LED lights or natural sky light instead of traditional incandescent
light bulbs, reduces the amount of energy required to attain the same level of illumination.

Question 2

How does proper insulation of home save energy?

Answer
By properly insulating a home, it is possible to maintain a comfortable temperature inside. It will
reduce the cost of heating devices in winter and cooling devices in summer.

Question 3

How is CFL better than a usual bulb ?

Answer

The use of compact fluorescent lights (CFL) saves 67% energy and they may last 6 to 10 times longer
than the usual bulb.

Question 4

What is indicated by the different number of stars on an electric appliance?

Answer

Appliances are star rated according to their efficient use of electricity.

Exercise 9(C) — Long Answer Answer Type

Question 1

What is meant by efficient use of energy?

Answer

The meaning of efficient use of energy is to reduce the cost and amount of energy used to provide us
the various products and services. This results in reduction of (i) cost of energy and (ii) the emission
of green house gases.

Example — By properly insulating a home, it is possible to maintain a comfortable temperature

inside. It will reduce the cost of heating devices in winter and cooling devices in summer.

Question 2

Explain the role of geographical location and architectural features in reducing the artificial lighting
inside a building

Answer

A building's location and its surrounding play a key role in regulating its temperature and
illumination. Proper placement of windows and skylights and the use of architectural features that
reflect light into the building can reduce the need of artificial lighting. White roof systems can save
more energy in summers.

Question 3

Give an example to explain that the use of modern eco-friendly technologies is more efficient and less
polluting.

Answer
Modern energy efficient appliances such as refrigerators, ovens, freezers, dishwashers, dryers etc.
make use of significantly less energy than the older appliances. Nowadays appliances are star rated
according to their efficient use of electricity.

Hence, modern eco-friendly technologies are more efficient and less polluting.

Question 4

Describe three ways for the efficient use of energy.

Answer

Listed below are ways for the efficient use of energy —

1. The use of LED (light emitting diode) bulbs for lighting reduces the consumption of energy
drastically. It is also helpful in reducing global warming and the harmful effects of mercury
used in fluorescent lights.
2. Fuel efficiency in vehicles can be increased by reducing the weight of the vehicle using
advanced tyres and computer controlled engines.
3. Modern energy efficient appliances such as refrigerators, ovens, freezers, dishwashers, dryers
etc. make use of significantly less energy than the older appliances. Nowadays appliances are
star rated according to their efficient use of electricity.

Question 5

What social initiatives must be taken for the sensitive use of energy?

Answer

Social initiatives taken to sensitise use of energy are as follows —

1. Public awareness can be improved through mass-media and children's participation in

campaigns and eco-club activities.
2. Community involvement will surely be effective in reducing the misuse of electricity.
3. The non-government organizations (NGOs) can be used to create social awareness about the
sensitive use of resources.