Vision

To be a world-class Christian academic institution in the

HERCOR COLLEGE heart of Capiz.

COLLEGE OF EDUCATION Mission

Riverside Campus To continue to develop as an agile and progressive
Roxas Avenue, Roxas City, Capiz institution of learning committed to providing excellent and
affordable education designed to produce quality and
2nd SEM Academic Year 2022 - 2023 globally competitive graduates who will fear the Lord their
God, walk in all His ways, love Him, serve Him and observe
His commands.

INSTRUCTOR: Mary U. Amante, LPT EMAIL ADDRESS:[email protected] CONTACT #:

COURSE CODE: GEC103 COURSE DESCRIPTIVE TITLE: CONTEMPORARY WORLD

CONTEMPORARY WORLD
CDT
Course
Description
No one can dispute the globalization has taken its toll in every
society. This course compiles scholarly studies of sociologists, political
scientists, and academicians on the effects of globalization on social and
economic matters. The influences of globalization upon democracy and
some uncontrolled risks for the national culture and economy and so
forth.

Module Release:
Submission of Page 6 (Evaluation and Reflection):

WE 1 “Globalization: An Introduction” – Week

1

Learning Overview

This week you will study the basic concepts of globalization, its historical foundation and indicators of globalization. You
will also learn the nature of globalization and the unit of resources that makes up the development of globalization.

The course is designed primarily for History students, providing a global context within which to place their own research
on particular regions and periods. It will suggest connections between their field and developments elsewhere, as well as a
comparative framework within which to evaluate their research questions. The course may also be of interest to other students in
programmes, notably international relations and politics, economics and development, providing the historical context within
which to place contemporary developments in and against which to test general claims about the world today.

Globalization: An Introduction | Week 1

 Intended Learning
Outcomes
At the end of this week, you are expected to:

 differentiate the competing conceptions of globalization;

 illustrate the concept of globalization.

Discussions
GLOBALIZATION: AN INTRODUCTION

Definition of Globalization
1. Is the increasing interaction of people, states, or countries through the growth of the international
flow of money, ideas, and culture.
2. It is the ability to move and communicate easily with others all over the world in order to conduct
business internationally.
3. It is the liberalization of countries of their impact protocols and welcome foreign investment.
4. It refers to countries acting like magnets attracting global capital by opening up their economies to
multinational corporations.

Globalization as Define by Other Authors

• Martin Albrow and Elizabeth King defined globalization as those processes by which the people of
the world are incorporated into a single world society.
• Anthony Giddens defined globalization as the intensification of worldwide social relations which
link distant localities in such a way that local happenings are shaped by events occurring many miles
away and vice versa.
• Roland Robertson described globalization as the compression of the world and the intensification
of the consciousness of the world as a whole.

Historical Foundation of Globalization

• Globalization trace its history long before the European Age of Discovery or Age of Exploration in
15th century and large-scale globalization began in the 1820s.
• In 1897, globalization refers to the largely national trusts and other large enterprises of the
time.
• In 1930, the word “globalize” which appeared in the publication Towards New Education where it
denoted a holistic view of human experience in education.
• In 1970s, the word “globalization” had been used to mean “borderless society” referring to
international migration.
• In 1981, the term “globalization” had been used in its economic sense. Theodore Levitt
popularized the term “globalization” by bringing it into the mainstream business audience.
• Lately in 2000, the International Monetary Fund (IMF) identified four basic aspects of
globalization: (1) trade and transactions; (2) capital and investment movements; (3) migration of
knowledge; (4) dissemination.
• It is only in 2017 when word “globalization” was often used in teaching, in discussion, in
meetings and conferences, in lectures and so on.

Globalization: An Introduction | Week 1

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Indicators of Globalization

The jet engine, the internet, e-banking, e-books, e-bike, the LRT,
MRT and other inventions of science and technology are attributable to the
spread of globalization. These are some of the modern offspring of
development in our infrastructure system. These improvements that
people enjoy today in this contemporary world have been a major factors
in globalization which have generated further interdependence in
economic and cultural activities among nations.

Likewise, environmental challenges such as global warming, cross-

boundary water, air pollution, and over-fishing are linked with
globalization.

Nature of Globalization

Globalization is a conglomerate of various multiple units located in the different parts of the
globe which are linked by common ownership. These multiple units draw on common pool of resources
such as money, credit, information, patents, trade names and control systems. Product presence is in
different markets of the world. Human resources are highly diverse. Transactions involving intellectual
properties such as copyrights, patents, trademarks, and process technologies are across the globe.

Dimensions of Globalization

1. Planning to expand the business on a worldwide scope

2. Giving up distinction between domestic and foreign market and instead developing a global
outlook of such business

3. Locating the production and the physical facilities of the business by considering global
business
dynamics irrespective of national consideration

4. Creating product development and production planning on a global market sphere

5. Global sourcing of the factors of production such as raw materials components, machinery,
technology, finance, and others that are obtained from the best source anywhere in the world

6. Global orientation or organization structure and management culture

Reasons for Globalization

1. Rapid shrinking of time and distance across the globe. One can easily cross the bridge going
to the other side of the market place due to advance tools of technology than before.

2. Companies and institutions go global to find political and economic stability which is
relatively good in other countries than the country of origin.

3. To get technological and managerial know-how of other countries due to their advancement
in science, technology, education, health and other fields of discipline.

Globalization: An Introduction | Week 1

Page 3
 4. To reduce high transportation costs if goes globally using the advance tools of communication
and
information.

5. To be close to raw materials and to markets of their finished products which are not available
in the
country of origin.

6. The creation of the World Trade Organization (WTO) had made it possible in stimulating
increased
cross border trade.

Stages of Globalization

1. The arm’s length service activity of an essentially domestic company which moves into new
market
overseas by linking up with local dealers and distributors.

2. The company takes over these activities on its own.

3. The domestic-based company institution begins to carry out its own manufacturing
marketing and
sales in key foreign markets.

4. The company moves to a full insider position in these markets supported by a complete
business
system including Research and Development (R&D) and engineering. However the
headquarters
mentality continues to dominate.

5. The company move towards a genuinely global mode of operation. In this stage, global
localization
happens that is the company serves local customers in markets around the globe responding
to
their needs. This requires an organizational transition.

Merits of Globalization

1. Global competition and imports keep a lid on prices such that inflation is less likely to derail
economic growth.

2. An open economy spur fast innovation with fresh ideas from abroad.

3. Export jobs often pay more than other jobs.

4. Unfettered capital flow keeps interest rates low.

5. Living standards go up faster.

6. Productivity grows more quickly when country produce goods and services in which they are
of comparative advantage.

7. Countries liberalize their visa rules and procedures so as to permit flow of people from country
to country.

8. It results in freeing up unproductive sector to investment and the productive sector to export
related activities resulting in a win-win situation for the world economy.

Globalization: An Introduction | Week 1

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Demerits of Globalization

1. Several people lose their jobs when companies import cheap labor or materials or shift
production abroad.
2. Workers face pay cut demands from employers who often threatens to export jobs.
3. Sovereignty of a country and company/institution may be at stake.
4. It gives more power to business to influence civil government. As business grow in
wealth, political elections can be better shaped. Because of their cash flow they can
lobby for laws that benefit their business.
5. It encourages disease development and spread.
6. In economic globalization, most of the world is ignored. That means that as the world
becomes smaller, the undeveloped world will be left behind.
7. Outsourced jobs in developed nations will create unemployment and potential poverty.
Businesses are not concerned about frontiers, they are concerned about profits.

Factors of Globalization

1. Economic Globalization
Refers to the increasing interdependence of world economies as a result of the growing scale of cross-
border trade of commodities and services, flow of international capital and wide rapid spread of
technologies. Through globalization, the available resources of each country will not just be limited on
what their country can produce, but it will be also dependent on other countries. Means, the products
that are only available on a certain country will be available to other countries which do not have the
resources.

2. Military Globalization
It is the process which embodies the growing extensity and intensity of military relations among the
political units of the world system. It reflects both expanding network of worldwide military ties and
relations, as well as the impact of key military technological innovations.

However, globalization actually promotes a global war economy which results in many deaths and loss
properties.
Based on the published article of Stephen Staples, - the Chair of the International Network on
Disarmament and Globalization, he said that “Globalization and militarism should be seen as two sides
of the same coin. One side promotes the conditions of unrest, inequality, conflict, and ultimately war.
The other side fuels the means to wage war by protecting and promoting the military industries needed
to produce sophisticated weaponry.

3. Cultural Globalization
Is the transmission of ideas, meanings, and values around the world in such a way as to extend and
intensify social relations? This process is marked by the common consumption of cultures that have
been diffused by the internet, popular culture media, and international travel. Because of having
international languages, which is being taught in schools, some of the local languages are now already
dying because only few gives attention and time to learn and use them in daily conversation.

4. Ecological Globalization
Because of the increase of people, introduced non-native plants, animals and diseases into new
locations. Invasive species and pathogens, such as viruses and bacteria can create large and expensive
problems - Based on the published Ecological Society of America.

5. Political Globalization
Political issues such as rights of women and children are now currently often discussed. Many laws are
now implemented regarding the issues on the said rights. On the other side, politics has negative
impact on globalization. Globalization internationalized crimes. Drug and human trafficking have much
more difficult to control because of their international character.

Globalization: An Introduction | Week 1

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6. Technological Globalization
Technology really plays huge part in the life of every individual. Also the advancement of
technology, we can now already communicate with others despite the distance that separates
us. But it has also downside. Most users of internet in cyberspaces are adults and they waste a
lot of time using internet for unnecessary purposes. Young people engage in immoral usage of
internet.

7. Geographical Globalization
Globalization is moving towards the trends of a borderless world. Everyone can now explore
different countries without having any dangers. Modern technologies such as airplane, global
travel has never been any easier.

In general, globalization is a concept which promotes the idea of uniting all of the countries in
the world. It provides solutions on many problems arising in every country. Globalization is
good if only we are going to embrace the changes that will bring changes in our lives.

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STUDENT ID NUMBER: _________________________________________________ __________________________________________
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Evaluation

Discuss the following: Provide extra sheet of paper if necessary.

1. What technological advancement of globalization helps you and made changes in your life?
2. Economic globalization makes world economies grow at a higher rate. How this economic growth rate made an impact
in a countries belong to a third world like Philippines?
3. What does it mean of a borderless world?
4. What could be the advantages and disadvantages of a global competition in terms of product and production?

Reflections
In your present situation, what could be the circumstances that is/are connected and broadly affected by globalization?

Globalization: An Introduction | Week 1

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