A.

Linear Model The Transactional model takes into account the

need for a feedback loop between the sender
In this model, the sender transmits a message and the receiver. It checks the receiver of the
using a channel that will give a signal to the message as to whether he/she has been able to
receiver who is the destination of the said receive the sender's message correctly.
message. However, the message is affected by
noise. Nonetheless, the source or the sender's field of
experience affects the kind of message that he
. sends. Culture, education, experiences, moods,
On the other hand, physical or external noise is and emotions affect his communication. For
found outside the person. It can be the sound of instance, if the sender is someone who is
the honking of cars, the sound of the drums or educated, he/she would be able to produce a
the laughing of passersby or perhaps even the message in several forms and format.
clanging of cymbals the clapping of thunder and On the other hand, the receiver has another
other types of sounds. type of field of experience. This, too, could
B. Interactive Model affect the receipt of the message. A person's
understanding of the message is affected by the
The Interactive model suggests that both the area of his her own experience or may even be
encoder and the decoder are affected by their limited to it. Again, his culture, education, skills,
field of experience or what you call schemata or moods, and emotions affect his reception of the
background knowledge. How he/she communication given him.
communicates is influenced by his/her
background experiences. For instance, if a Feedback through transactions happens with
person was able to experience being the sender or receiver. They use their field of
encouraged and motivated while experience as a background. The situational,
communicating, such a person could be socio-cultural, physical, interpersonal and
enthusiastic to interact with another, otherwise, organizational context and noise influence
the other one could be very cautious. Messages these fields of experiences. Noise may be
are transmitted through a channel, and it is still related to physical, age, culture, gender,
affected by noise. education, religion, mood, memory, attitude,
and technology. More so, the channels are
You could also see that the encoder and the affected by sight sound, taste, touch and other
decoder could change roles the moment that senses. Examples of channels are telephone,
there is a feedback given. This could be a way television, radio, letter, face-to-face, and other
for the two communicators to interact with channels.
each other to determine the meaning of the
message and come up with a common For instance, he/she may consider his/her
understanding. previous successful transaction with someone
who has a higher level of the position. He She
The Transactional Model may repeat such style to become successful
again in dealing with a president of an
institution. However, it could also be that
his/her previous transactions could deter
him/her from making another one especially so
when the person experienced failure

Transactions are done to arrive at a

commonality. For instance, when a person
haggles, the seller, with whom he/she is
transacting with, will allow the lowering of the
price only when there is a win-win situation; a
situation when the price will be beneficial to
both the seller and the haggler

Another example is when two friends would

transact with each other concerning where to
go for a weekend break. They first should know
where they wanted to go, what time they would
meet; how much should each spend, why they
were spending time together, and what benefits
could they get from the meeting. To answer all
the questions, they must give suggestions and
explanations before they could reach a common
point. These instances made by both of them.
 Channel: This refers to the medium or method
through which the message is transmitted from
the sender to the receiver. It can include face-
to-face conversations, phone calls, emails,
letters, or any other communication platform.
For example, a video conference call between
team members using a virtual meeting platform
would be the channel.

Feedback: This is the response or reaction

received by the sender from the receiver,
indicating their understanding or interpretation
of the message. Feedback can be verbal, non-
verbal, or written. For instance, if the receiver
responds to the manager's email with questions
or acknowledges understanding, it would be
considered feedback

Sender/Messenger/Encoder: This refers to the

person or entity who initiates the Lesson 1.3 Five Elements of Communication
communication and encodes the message to be
transmitted. For example, a manager sending There are five elements of communication:
an email to their team members with
1. Sender/Decoder
instructions on a project would be the
2. Receiver/Encoder
sender/messenger/encoder.
3. Message
4. Channel
Receiver/Decoder: This refers to the person or
5. Feedback
entity that receives the communication and
decodes the message to understand its 1.SENDER/MESSENGER/ENCODER
meaning. For instance, an employee receiving
the email from their manager and  The person who sends a message.
understanding the instructions would be the  The speaker of the communicator.
receiver/decoder.
2.RECEIVER/DECODER
Message: This is the information or content that
is being communicated. It can be in the form of  The person who decodes the message
spoken words, written text, gestures, or any he/she receives.
 The listener of the message
other means of conveying meaning. An example
of a message could be a sales presentation 3.MESSAGE
explaining the features and benefits of a
product.  A piece of information that is sent or
given to someone.
  The idea being transmitted have different norms, values, beliefs,
 It can be in the form of spoken words, and communication styles.
written text, gestures, or any other
means of conveying meaning.

4.CHANNEL Models of Communication

 Is a means of communication or 1. Linear Model

expression.
 Medium used to transmit message. 2. Interactive Model
 It can include face-to-face
3. Transactional Model
conversations, phone calls, emails,
letters, or any other communication
platform.

5.FEEDBACK
1. Negative mood: When individuals are in a
 It refers to responses from the receiver negative mood, such as feeling angry, sad, or
or the audience.
frustrated, it can affect their ability to
 The responsive message given by the
communicate effectively. They may be more
receiver.
 Feedback can be verbal, non-verbal, or prone to misinterpretation, have difficulty
written. expressing themselves clearly, or be less
receptive to others' perspectives.
Barriers in the communication Process
2. Defensive attitude: Individuals with a
Communication barriers is an aspect or defensive attitude may be resistant to new
condition that interfere with the exchange ideas ideas or feedback. They may perceive any
among people. criticism as a personal attack, leading to a
breakdown in communication and hindering the
There are four types of barriers:
exchange of information or collaboration.
1. Psychological barriers: These are 4. Poor relationships: Negative or strained
barriers that arise from the mental state
relationships between individuals can
or mindset of individuals involved in
communication. significantly impact communication. Trust
2. Environmental barriers: These barriers issues, unresolved conflicts, or a lack of rapport
refer to external factors in the physical can create barriers, making it difficult to
environment that can hinder establish open and honest dialogue.
communication.
3. Semantic barriers: These barriers arise It is important to be aware of these
from differences in the meanings psychological and attitudinal barriers and work
assigned to words or symbols by towards overcoming them through active
different individuals or groups.
listening, empathy, open-mindedness, and
4. Cultural barriers: These barriers occur
when people from different cultures fostering positive relationships.