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UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE INTERNATIONAL EXAMINATIONS

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International General Certificate of Secondary Education

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AGRICULTURE 0600/02
Paper 2
October/November 2005
1 hour 15 minutes
Candidates answer on the Question Paper.
No additional materials are required.

READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST

Write your Centre number, candidate number and name on all the work you hand in.
Write in dark blue or black pen in the spaces provided on the Question Paper.
You may use a soft pencil for any diagrams, graphs or rough working.
Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, glue or correction fluid.

Answer all questions.

The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question.

For Examiner’s Use

Total

This document consists of 16 printed pages and 4 blank pages.

SPA (NH/CG) S82388/4
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1 Fig. 1.1 shows the expected population for a developing country where shifting cultivation is
the main system of agriculture.
Dates when vital resources are expected to run out are given.

no longer
5 enough water
no longer
enough wood
4
population/
millions 3
no longer
2 enough foods

0
2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050
year

Fig. 1.1

(a) What is the population when there is no longer enough wood?

......................................................................................................................................[1]

(b) State one alternative to wood for either enclosing homesteads or for fencing paddocks.

......................................................................................................................................[1]

(c) State two ways water may be stored on a farm.

1. ......................................................................................................................................

2. ..................................................................................................................................[2]

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Different systems of farming would allow the country to produce more food.

(d) Choose two different systems of farming that would result in improved production and
explain why they are more efficient than shifting cultivation.

farming system .....................................................

explanation ........................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

farming system .....................................................

explanation ........................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................[4]

(e) Suggest one reason why the projected population growth might not occur.

......................................................................................................................................[1]

[Total : 9]

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2 Fig. 2.1 shows the water cycle in an area.

clouds
Sun

100%

14%

A
83%

2%
river
bore hole
1%

Fig. 2.1

(a) Name process A. ..........................................................................................................[1]

(b) List two types of soil erosion caused by rain.

1. ......................................................................................................................................

2. ..................................................................................................................................[2]

(c) Name two farming practices that are carried out to prevent soil erosion.

1. ......................................................................................................................................

2. ..................................................................................................................................[2]

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(d) Describe how rivers cause the physical weathering of rocks.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................[2]

(e) Explain how rain causes the chemical weathering of rocks.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................[2]

(f) In choosing a suitable crop to grow in the area shown in Fig. 2.1, a farmer needs to
consider the climatic requirements of the crop.

Suggest, with a reason, the climatic conditions in this area.

..........................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................[1]

[Total : 10]

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3 (a) For a named cereal crop state the following requirements.

crop ……………………..

(i) soil type......................................................................................................................

(ii) soil pH........................................................................................................................

(iii) fertiliser ..................................................................................................................[3]

(b) Describe how to create a seed bed in a garden plot that has been cleared of vegetation.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................[3]

(c) Fig. 3.1 shows the tubers of the Irish and sweet potato.

tuber tuber

Irish potato sweet potato

Fig. 3.1

Suggest two ways the bed for planting these tubers would differ from that needed for
planting cereals.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................[2]

[Total : 8]

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Turn to page 8 for Question 4.

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4 Fig. 4.1 shows the digestive system of a non-ruminant.

Fig. 4.1

(a) Label on the diagram

the duodenum with D,
the rectum with R,
and the area where most digested food is absorbed with F. [3]

(b) State two ways in which the nutrient content of a production ration may differ from a
maintenance ration.

1. ......................................................................................................................................

2. ..................................................................................................................................[2]

Table 4.1 shows the amounts of calcium and phosphorus needed by chicks, growers
and laying hens.

Table 4.1

recommended % levels of calcium and phosphorus (minerals) for poultry feeds

minerals chicks’ feed growers’ feed layers’ feed

calcium 0.8 1.1 4.0

phosphorus 0.45 0.4 0.32

(c) What does the information in Table 4.1 tell you about the needs of the poultry for

1 calcium, ..........................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

2 phosphorus? ..................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................[2]

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(d) Poor diet in poultry and ruminants can result in ill health.

(i) Name one such condition.

...........................................................................[1]

(ii) State its symptoms.

...................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................[1]

(iii) Suggest two observations that would point to ill health being the result of infection
rather than a poor diet.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................[2]

[Total : 11]

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5 (a) Grass is a crop.

(i) Where does the energy come from to make grass grow?

...........................................................................[1]

(ii) Name the raw materials grass use to make carbohydrates.

...............................................................................................................................[2]

(iii) What else is needed for grass to make proteins?

...............................................................................................................................[1]

(b) (i) Name a grass planted for grazing.

...............................................................................

(ii) Name a legume planted for grazing.

...........................................................................[2]

(c) As the grass grows, its dry matter (fibre) increases.

Fig. 5.1 compares the food value of grass with its age and stage of development.

dry matter

mass

digestible food

emergence flowering
age of grass

Fig. 5.1

Place an H on the graph when it would be best to harvest the grass for a zero grazing
system. [1]

(d) Suggest two actions that should be done to a paddock to enable several cuts of grass
to be taken in a season.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................[2]

[Total : 9]

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6 (a) (i) Name a local weed.

...........................................................................[1]

(ii) State two ways this weed could affect the growth of a crop.

1. ...............................................................................................................................

2. ...........................................................................................................................[2]

Chemicals can be used to control weeds.

(b) (i) Name one item of protective clothing that should be worn when spraying.

...............................................................................................................................[1]

(ii) Describe a precaution that should be taken when applying the chemical spray.

...................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................[1]

Fig. 6.1 shows part of a leaf attacked by a pest.

pest

Fig. 6.1

(c) (i) What kind of pest is shown in Fig. 6.1?

...........................................................................[1]

(ii) Explain why crop rotation would help control pests like the one in Fig. 6.1.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................[2]

[Total : 8]
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7 (a) Name the process taking place in Fig. 7.1.

...........................................................................[1]

Fig. 7.1

(b) (i) Describe the process of birth in a farm animal.

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................[3]

(ii) State two tasks a farmer might carry out immediately after the birth to ensure the
survival of the young.

1. ...............................................................................................................................

2. ...........................................................................................................................[2]

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(c) In rabbits the allele for black hair (B) is dominant to the allele for white hair (b).
Two heterozygous (Bb) rabbits are crossed.

Complete the following genetic diagram to represent this cross.

Bb Bb
parents – alleles

gametes

offspring – alleles

offspring – colour ________ ________ _______ ________

[3]

[Total : 9]

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8 (a) Fig. 8.1 shows a post and wire fence with a space for a gate.

1m

Fig. 8.1

(i) List three tools needed for the building of this fence and state their use.

1 tool ................................. use..............................................................................

...................................................................................

2 tool .............................. use..............................................................................

...................................................................................

3 tool .............................. use..............................................................................

...............................................................................[3]

(ii) Draw in the space on Fig. 8.1 a gate suitable for containing livestock. [2]

(iii) State how the gate would be hung (attached).

...................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................[1]

(iv) State how the gate would be fastened.

...................................................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................................[1]

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Table 8.1 describes three types of fence, stating one advantage for each and describing one
way that they should be maintained.

(b) Complete Table 8.1.

Table 8.1

fence type advantage maintenance of fence

hedge locally available

post and wire creosote the posts

electric wire animals do not touch the fence

[3]

[Total : 10]

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9 Fig. 9.1 shows the breeding record for a dairy cow.

sire dam sire date of expected date date no. of sex of birth calf next
remarks
no. no. breed service of calving calved gestations calf weight no. heat

14 29 Friesian 5/12/03 5/9/04 6/9/04 2 Female 35 kg 61 26/9/04

Fig. 9.1

(a) State two other records that could be kept for this cow.

1. ......................................................................................................................................

2. ..................................................................................................................................[2]

(b) State two reasons for keeping farm records.

1. ......................................................................................................................................

2. ..................................................................................................................................[2]

Fig. 9.2 shows some financial records for a mixed farm.

Purchases and expenditure Sales and receipts

$ $

cattle 210,0 cattle 175,0

fertilisers 25,0 milk 350,0
feeds 75,0 cabbages 112,0
wages 197,0 beans 100,0
rent 10,0 eggs 171,0

drugs 96,0
poultry 87,0
seeds 50,0
total 750,0 total 908,0
profit 158,0

Fig. 9.2

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It is forecast that over the next five years the demand for meat will decrease while the
demand for vegetables and eggs will increase.
The cost of fertiliser and feed is set to rise.

(c) Suggest one change in production you would make on this farm to stay in profit over the
next five years.

Give a reason for your answer.

..........................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................

......................................................................................................................................[2]

[Total : 6]

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Copyright Acknowledgements:

Question 1 and 2 Fig. 1.1 and 2.1 © C Ashley and S Bethune; Ministry of Environment and Tourism for Namibia from ‘Namibia Environment ’ 1996 vol. 11.
Question 7 Fig. 7.1 © D Ssenyandwa ‘Primary Agriculture Pupil’s Book 4 ’. Published by MK Publishers 2002.
Question 8 Fig. 8.1 from ‘Agriculture for Southern Africa’; Elliot, Stout and Dejardin, p.174; Bell & Hyman 1987.

Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

University of Cambridge International Examinations is part of the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of
the University of Cambridge.

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