TAGORE ACADEMY

PUBLIC SCHOOL
SESSIOn 2024-2025

]
ANALYSIS
Of vitamin c
in fruits
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I would like to thank all the people who
sincerely have been concerned with the
completion of this project.

Firstly, I would like to express my heartfelt

gratitude to my Principal, Mr omkar sir and
my chemistry teacher, Mr Shashi sir and Ms.
Savita ma’am for her vital support and
guidance which has helped me in completing
this project.

Secondly, I would like to thank my parents

for their constant support. And finally, I
would like to thank my friends who helped
me complete this project within the given
time frame.

AIM
To find the amount of vitamin
C in fruit juices by using titration
 INTRODUCTION
Vitamin C is present in fruits and vegetables. Citrus fruits like
Oranges,
and Lemon and vegetables like broccoli, cauliflower,
and Brussels sprouts are collectively known as cruciferous
vegetables. We find the amount of vitamin C by redox
titration
 THEORY
It is determined by redox titration using iodine. As iodine is
added during the
titration it oxidised ascorbic acid to
dehydroascorbic acid So once all ascorbic
acid is oxidised excess iodine is free to react with starch
indicating the blue-black starch iodine complex.
This is the endpoint

the redox reaction happening during tiration

MATERIALS AND
CHEMICALS USED
2X100 ML VOLUMETRIC FLASK DISTILLED WATER
100 ML MEASURING CYLINDER BEAKER 400ML
100ML X 2 BEAKERS
100ML CONICAL FLASK
DROPPERS
SPATULA
FUNNEL
BURETTE

IODINE SOLUTION
1%STARCH SOLUTION LEMON JUICE
ORANGE JUICE
 PROCEDURE
1% Starch Indicator Solution
1. Add 0.50 g soluble starch to 50 near-boiling distilled water.
2. Mix well and allow to cool beforeuse. (doesn't
have to be 1%; 0.5% is fine)

Iodine Solution
1. Pour this solution into a 500 mlgraduated cylinder and dilute it to a
final volume of 500 ml with distilled water.

2. Mix the solution.

3. Transfer the solution to a 600 mlbeaker.

Label the beaker as your iodine solution.

Vitamin C Standard Solution

1. Dissolve 0.250 g vitamin C (ascorbic acid) in 100 mldistilled water.
2. Dilute to 250 ml with distilled water in a volumetric flask. Label
the flask as your vitamin C standard solution.
Standardising Solutions
1. Add 25.00 ml of vitamin C standard solution to a 125 mlErlenmeyer
flask.
2. Add 10 drops of 1% starch solution.
3. Rinse your buret with a small volume of the iodine solutionand then
fill it. Record the initial volume.
4. Titrate the solution until the endpoint is reached. This willbe when
you see the first sign of blue colour that persists after 20 seconds of
swirling the solution.
5. Record the final volume of the iodine solution. The volumethat was
required is the starting volume minus the final volume. 6. Repeat
the titration at least twice more. The results shouldagree within 0.1
ml.

Vitamin C Titration
Titrating Juice Samples
1. Add 25.00 ml of juice sample to a 125 mlErlenmeyer flask.
2. Titrate until the endpoint is reached. (Add iodinesolution until
you get a color that persists longer than 20 seconds.)
3. Repeat the titration until you have at least threemeasurements
that agree to within 0.1 ml.
Titrating Real Lemon
Real Lemon is nice to use because the maker lists vitamin C, so you can
compare your value with the packaged value. You can use another
packaged lemon or lime juice, provided the
 amount of vitamin C is listed on the packaging. Keep in mind, the
amount can change (diminish) once the container has been opened or
after it has been stored for a long time.
1. Add 10.00 ml of Real Lemon into a 125 ml Erlenmeyer flask.
2. Titrate until you have at least three measurements thatagree within
0.1 ml of iodine solution.

Other Samples
● Vitamin C Tablet - Dissolve the tablet in ~100 ml distilledwater. Add
distilled water to make 200 ml of solution in a volumetric flask.
● Fresh Fruit Juice - Strain the juice through a coffee filter
orcheesecloth to remove pulp and seeds, since they could get stuck in
the glassware.
● Packaged Fruit Juice - This also may require straining.● Fruits &
Vegetables - Blend a 100 g sample with ~50 ml of distilled water. Strain
the mixture. Wash the filter with a few milliliters of distilled water. Add
distilled water to make a final solution of 100 ml in a volumetric flask.
How to Calculate Vitamin
C
Titration Calculations
1. Calculate the ml of titrant used for each flask. Take
themeasurements you obtained and average them. average
volume = total volume/number of trials

2. Determine how much titrant was required for yourstandard. If you

needed an average of 10.00 ml of iodine
solution to react with 0.250 grams of vitamin C, then you can determine
how much vitamin C was in a sample.
3. Keep in mind the volume of your sample, so you can makeother
calculations, such as grams per litre.

OBSERVATION
ORANGE JUICE OBSERVATION TABLE
 Trial 1 Trail 2

Type of juice Orange juice

Orange juice

Final burette reading

34.5mL 38mL

11mL x 0.19mg/mL =
2.09mg

209mg
 10mL

50mL

Total ml iodine solution used

15.5mL 11mL

mg ascorbic acid in titrated

sample

(total mL iodine used) *

(avg mg ascorbic acid / mL 15.5mL x 0.19mg/mL =
iodine) 2.945mg

mg ascorbic acid in 100mL of

juice
294.5mg
Volume of juice (mL) 10mL

Trial 1 Trial 2

Apple Apple

10mL 10mL

Initial burette reading 50mL

mg/mL
average mg/mL = 251.75
APPLE JUICE OBSERVATION TABLE

Type of juice
Volume of
juice

Final burett 30mL

Initial burette
100mL 100mL
reading
Total mL of
iodine solution 64mL 70mL
used

mg ascorbic acid in titrated

sample

70mL x 0.19mg/mL =
13.3mg

(total mL iodine used) *

(avg mg ascorbic acid / mL
iodine)

mg ascorbic
acid in 100mL 1216mg 1330mg
of juice
average mg/mL = 1273 mg/mL
 RESULT
After titration blue-black colour was obtained as the
endpoint

Conclusion
It is accepted that orange juice has a higher amount of
vitamin C compared to apple juice.
Its also proven experimentally.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
1)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=buAYVpzb1BA

2)https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m5opl3CvQKU
3)Saraswathi Lab Manual Chemistry - XII

4) www.britancia.com

5) www.wolframalpha.com