World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research

Goel et al. SJIF Impact

World Journal of Pharmaceutical Factor 8.084
Research
Volume 11, Issue 13, 1766-1776. Research Article ISSN 2277– 7105

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF HERBAL ANTI-DANDRUFF

SHAMPOO

Neha Goel1*, Anurag Jain2, Prabhakar Budholiya2, M. Harshit Rao3, Abhay Singh3,
Saniya Siddiqui3 and Akash Mishra3

1
Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, AKS
University Satna (M.P.)
2
Government Medical College, Ratlam (M.P.)
3
AKS University, Satna (M.P.)

ABSTRACT
Article Received on
15 August 2022, Dandruff is a common disorder affecting the scalp condition caused by
Revised on 05 Sept. 2022,
Accepted on 25 Sept. 2022
Pityrosporum yeast. Dandruff cannot be completely remove but can
DOI: 10.20959/wjpr202213-25717 only be controlled. A shampoo is a composition carry surfactant in a
suitable form liquid, solid or powder which when used under the

*Corresponding Author specified order will eliminate surface grease, dust and skin debris
Neha Goel from the hair shaft and scalp without adversely affecting the user.
Assistant Professor, Many anti-fungal compound are employed in hair care preparations
Department of
for the dandruff treatment. These products appear many side effects
Pharmaceutical Science and
like loss of hair, increased scaling, itching, irritation, nausea, and
Technology, AKS
University Satna (M.P.) headache. Hence an effirt was made to formulate herbal anti
dandruff shampoo which is efficacious in terms of safety and
treating the dandruff condition better than the chemical based anti-dandruff shampoo.
Herbal anti-dandruff shampoos were manufacture using herbal element like Retha, Amla and
Shikakai extract use for preparing shampoo. The formulated shampoos were subjected to
evaluation parameters like visual inspection, pH, viscosity, Percentage of solids constituents,
Dirt dispersion, Surface tension, Foaming ability and foam stability, anti-fungal activity test
using Pityrosporum Ovale strain.

KEYWORDS: Retha, Amla and Shikakai, Herbal anti-dandruff Formulation,

www.wjpr.net │ Vol 11, Issue 13, 2022. │ ISO 9001:2015 Certified Journal │ 1766
Goel et al. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research

1. INTRODUCTION
Hair is a protein filament that grows from follicles on the dermis or skin. Scientific name of
hair is pili or pilus. Hair is a component of the integumentary system and extends downward
into the dermal layer where it sits in the hair follicle. Hair is an important part of overall
appeal of human body, historically been associated with beauty and social distinction.
Innumerable insects from all art forms can be cited supporting the special prominence
accorded to hair by people of virtually all times and cultures. Dandruff is reported to be a
harmless, chronic condition that occurs when scalp becomes dry or greasy and produces
white flakes of dead skin that appear in hair or on shoulders. People most often think of it as
anything that produces a flakes scalp. Although it is harmless, dandruff can be embarrassing
for those who have it. It usually starts between the ages of 10 and 20 and affects up to 40% of
people over the age of 30. Microorganism causing dandruff fungus belonging to genus
Malassezia.

1.1 Hair anatomy

Hair grows from hair follicles situated within the fatty layer of the scalp. Contrary to the
popular belief that hair grows as single strands, hair follicles actually grow in groups of 1-4
hairs called.

Parts of the hair

1. Dermal papillae: The dermal papilla is responsible for regulating the hair cycle and hair
growth, and is also comprised of androgen receptors that are sensitive to the presence of
DHT.
2. Matrix: The matrix surrounds the dermal papillae and contains all the active cells needed
for hair growth and for the development of the different parts of the hair, particularly the
outer root sheath, the inner root sheath and the hair shaft.
3. Outer root sheath: The outer root sheath, or trichilemmal, is the outermost part of the
hair and is keratinized. It covers the entire hair follicle inside the dermis and then
transitions through to the epidermis, providing the hair follicle with an opening from
which to surface from.
4. Inner root sheath: inner root sheath is comprised of three parts: the Henley layer,
Huxley layer, and cuticle. The Henley’s and Huxley’s layers are capsular layers that
anchor onto each other with the purpose of stabilizing the hair. The cuticle, which is the

www.wjpr.net │ Vol 11, Issue 13, 2022. │ ISO 9001:2015 Certified Journal │ 1767
Goel et al. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research

innermost part that it closest to the hair shaft, is made from dead hardened cells and give
the hair shaft added protection.
5. Hair shaft: The hair shaft is the solitary part of the hair follicle that fully exits the surface
of the skin. The hair shaft is made up of three layers: the medulla, cortex, and the cuticle.
The medulla is described as an unsystematic and unstructured area located in the
innermost region of the hair shaft and is not always present. The cortex, in contrast to the
medulla, is highly structured and organized.

1.2 Dandruff
Dandruff represents one of the Most common dermatological skin conditions and is a
chronic, non - inflammatory conditions of the scalp that is characterized by excessive
scalping of scalp tissue. Dandruff is apparently caused by a fungus called Malassezia restrict
a and M. globose. Malassezia formerly called Pityrosporum is a yeast causing infection of
skin and scalp. It often cause itching. warm and humid atmosphere, overcrowding and poor
personal hygiene are ideally suited for the growth of Malassezia . Dandruff affects 5% of the
population and mostly occurs after puberty, between 20-30 years and dandruff affects males
more than females. Dandruff occurs exclusively on skin in areas with high leaves of sebum.

1.3 Cause of dandruff

Dandruff is a skin condition that affects around half of the world’s population. The most
obvious sings of dandruff are white or grey colored flakes that appear on the scalp and hair.
These flakes are old skin cells that have been shied at a faster rate.

The extract cause of dandruff is still unknown , but it has been linked to the presence of a
microbe called Malassezia which feeds on the scalp’s natural When the scalper’s protective
barrier becomes weakened, irritants produced by Malassezia cause it to shed more skin cells
than usual.

1.4 Shampoo
Shampoo is a preparation constraining surfactant in a suitable form-liquid, solid or powder-
which when used under the specified condition will remove surface grease, dirt, and skin
debris from the hair shaft and scalp without adversely affecting the user. Most shampoo
contain water, a detergent (cleaning agent), surfactant (lather making agent), salt fragrance
(nature and acritical), preservative and food coloring. With the exception of water and salt
(sodium chloride), different chemical compounds are used depending on the desired result of

www.wjpr.net │ Vol 11, Issue 13, 2022. │ ISO 9001:2015 Certified Journal │ 1768
Goel et al. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research

the shampoo. Many shampoo also contain vitamins and moisturizing alcohols to prevent too
much of the hair and scalp’s nature oils from being stripped away during cleansing.

2. Experimental work
2.1 Plant material collection
Phyllanthus Emblica, Sapindas indica and Sapindas trifoliate were collected from rural area
of Satna (M.P.).

2.2 Extraction of plant material

Phyllanthus Emblica, Sapindas indica and Sapindas trifoliate have been extracted with
hydroalcoholic using Soxhlet process for 6 hrs, filtered and dried using vaccum evaporator at
400C.

2.3 Determination of percentage yield

The percentage yield of each extract was calculated by using following formula:
Weight of Extract
Percentage yield = -------------------------------------- x 100
Weight of powder drug Taken

2.4 Preparation of shampoo

Preparation of anti-dandruff shampoo: Shampoo was formulated using simple mixing
process. Herbal anti-dandruff shampoo was formulated by adding the required amounts of
herbal ingredients as given in the formulation.

Formulation of Herbal Anti-Dandruff Shampoo

S.N. Ingredients F1 F2 F3
1 Retha Extract 1.0 1.5 2.0
2 Amla Extract 1.0 1.5 2.0
3 Shikakai Extract 1.0 1.5 2.0
4 Sodium Lauryl Sulfate(gms) 15 10 5
5 Glycerin (ml) 1 1 1
6 EDTA (gm.) 0.15 0.15 0.15
7 Sodium Hydroxide To adjust pH To adjust pH To adjust pH
8 Water q.s q.s q.s
9 Perfume q.s q.s q.s

www.wjpr.net │ Vol 11, Issue 13, 2022. │ ISO 9001:2015 Certified Journal │ 1769
Goel et al. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research

2.5 Evaluation of shampoo

1. Physical Appearance/Visual inspection
The formulation prepared was evaluated for the clarity, color, odor and foam producing
ability and fluidity.
2. Foam and Foam stability
200 ml of surfactant solution is dropped into a glass column containing 50ml of the same
solution. The height of the foam generated is measured immediately and again after a
specified time interval, and is considered proportional to the volume.
3. Cleaning Action and Detergency
5gm sample of soiled human hair is placed at 35°c in 200 cc of water containing of 1 gm of
shampoo. The flask is shaken 50 times a minute for 4 minutes. Then washed once again with
sufficient amount of water, then after filter the hair dried and weighed. The amount of soil is
removed under this condition is calculated.
4. Determination of pH
A 10% v/v shampoo solution was constituted in distilled water and the pH of the solution was
measured by using a calibrated pH complete.
5. Surface tension
Surface tension measurement it has been mentioned that a proper shampoo should be able to
decrease the surface tension of pure water to about 40 dynes/cm. Surface tension reduction is
one of the mechanisms implicated in detergency.
6. Determination of solid content percentage
A clean dry evaporating dish was weighed and 4 grams of shampoo was added to the
evaporating dish. The evaporating dish with shampoo was placed on the hot plate until the
liquid portion was evaporated. The weight of the solid contents present in the shampoo was
calculated after drying.
7. Viscosity
Viscosity of the samples changes gradually with the increase in rpm, therefore the shampoo
formulations were time dependent. Secondly as the data showed the viscosity decreases with
increase in rpm, so the shampoo formulations were shear thinning or pseudo plastic in nature.

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The aim of the present work is to prepare Antidandruff shampoo by using anti-dandruff
agents such as Shikakai, Amla, Retha by various combinations. The prepared Antidandruff

www.wjpr.net │ Vol 11, Issue 13, 2022. │ ISO 9001:2015 Certified Journal │ 1770
Goel et al. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research

shampoo was evaluated for physical appearance/visual inspection, determination if pH,

determine % of solid contents, foam ability.

3.1 Result of yield of extraction

The crude extracts so obtained after the maceration process, each extracts were further
concentrated on water bath evaporation the solvents completely to obtain the actual yield of
extraction. To obtain the percentage yield of extraction is very important phenomenon in
phytochemical extraction to evaluate the standard extraction efficiency for a particular plant,
different parts of same plant or different solvents used. The yield of extracts obtained from
samples using hydroalcoholic as solvent is depicted in the table 3.1.

Table no. 3.1: % Yield of hydroalcoholic extract.

% Yield (w/w)
S. No. Solvent
Shikakai Amla Retha
1. Hydroalcoholic (70:30) 5.8 % 6.2 4.9

3.2 Result of evaluation of herbal Shampoo

3.2.1 Result of physical appearance
Physical Appearance results of visual inspection of series of formulations are listed in Table.
As can be seen, all formulations had the good characteristics with respect to foaming.

Table no. 3.2: Result of formulations for physical appearance.

S. No. Formulations Appearance
1 F1 Pale yellow color, Good Foaming
2 F2 Pale yellow color, Good Foaming
3 F3 Pale yellow color, Good Foaming

3.2.2 Result of foaming ability

Foaming ability although foam generation has little to do with the cleansing ability of
shampoos, it is of paramount importance to the consumer and is therefore an important
criterion in evaluating shampoos. All the Three shampoos showed similar foaming
characteristics in distilled water. The foam retention ability of Three samples is given in table.
All Three shampoos showed comparable foaming properties. The final formulation produced
stable foams there was little bet change in foam volume.

www.wjpr.net │ Vol 11, Issue 13, 2022. │ ISO 9001:2015 Certified Journal │ 1771
Goel et al. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research

Table no. 3.3: Result of foam ability of herbal shampoo.

Time in Mins Foam Volume (ml)
F1 F2 F3
1Min 173 142 169
2Min 169 137 166
3Min 166 136 163
4Min 164 133 162
5Min 162 132 160

3.2.3 Result of cleaning action (% )

Dirt Dispersion Shampoo that cause the ink to concentrate in the foam is considered poor
quality, the dirt should stay in water. Dirt that stays in the foam will be difficult to rinse
away. It will redeposit on the hair. All Three shampoos showed similar results. These results
indicate that no dirt would stays in the foam.

Table no. 3.4: Result of formulations for cleaning action (%).

S. No. Formulations Cleaning action (%)
1 F1 23.62±0.06
2 F2 29.36±0.04
3 F3 19.57±0.03

3.2.4 Result of pH
The pH of shampoos has been shown to be important for improving and enhancing the
qualities of hair, minimizing irritation to the eyes and stabilizing. The current trend to promote
shampoos of lower pH is one of the ways to minimize damage to the hair. Mild acidity
prevents swelling and promotes tightening of the scales, there by inducing shine. As seen
from Table all Three shampoos were acid balanced and were ranged 5.78 to 5.96.

Table no. 3.5: Result of formulations for pH.

S. No. Formulations pH
1 F1 5.78±0.03
2 F2 5.81±0.05
3 F3 5.96±0.07

3.2.5 Result of surface tension

The reduction in surface tension of water to 31.53 dynes/ cm by the herbal shampoos is an
indication of their good detergent action.

www.wjpr.net │ Vol 11, Issue 13, 2022. │ ISO 9001:2015 Certified Journal │ 1772
Goel et al. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research

Table no. 3.6: Result of formulations for surface tension.

S. No. Formulations Surface Tension (dy/cm)
1 F1 29.69±0.72
2 F2 31.53±0.24
3 F3 28.48±0.63

3.2.6 Result of percent of solids contents

Percent of Solids Contents If the shampoo has too many solids it will be hard to work into the
hair or too hard to wash out. The result of percent of solids contents is in table and found
between 19.85-25.64%. As a result, they were easy to wash out.

Table no. 3.7: Result of formulations for percent of solids contents

S. No. Formulations Solids (%)
1 F1 19.85±0.02
2 F2 22.28±0.02
3 F3 25.64±0.02

3.2.7 Result of viscosity

These formulations showed pseudo plastic behavior which is a desirable attribute in shampoos
formulation. At low rpm the herbal shampoos showed high viscosity and increase in the shear
rate the viscosity of the shampoos drops, this is a favorable property which eases the
spreading of the shampoos on hair. The results obtained from the rheological studies were
fitted into different flow behaviors, using the linear or non-linear regression.

Table no. 3.8: Result of formulations for viscosity.

Viscosity(cp)
RPM
F1 F2 F3
0.3 - 78563.25 -
0.5 58349.00 66245.55 -
1.0 41283.44 49748.48 28472.33
1.5 31968.00 38628.00 16245.33
2.5 22482.65 23473.33 8237.33
5 13282.45 14326.33 6268.00
10 8161.00 9869.66 5386.26

CONCLUSION
At this time, Hair fall is the major problem so in this case we try to add some type of herbal
drugs in the formulation to prevents hair fall, make smooth, as well as give anti-dandruff
action. The formulation of herbal anti-dandruff shampoo are given positive effect and reduce
dandruff and other type of fungal infection from hair. This type of formulation we use Retha,

www.wjpr.net │ Vol 11, Issue 13, 2022. │ ISO 9001:2015 Certified Journal │ 1773
Goel et al. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research

Shikakai and Amla herbal plant which contain anti-dandruff property. There are no any type
of side effect, so they are useful for all of them. The formulation of Anti-dandruff hair
shampoo provides a method for treating a scalp dandruff or seborrheic dermatitis. Herbal
antidandruff hair shampoo containing 2ml of herbs concentration of Retha, Shikakai, Amla
with sodium lauryl sulfate base could be used as an effective in treatment of Dandruff on
scalp.

REFERENCES
1. Siddappa Revan M, R Sharadha, K Abul. Formulation and evaluation of herbal anti
dandruff shampoo. International Journal Research Pharmakon Phytochemical, 2018; 7(4):
764-767.
2. Moniker AR, Jolly CI. Formulation of natural shampoo. Int J Cosmo Sci, 2001; 23(1):
59-62.
3. Aghel N, Moghimipour B, Dana RA. Formulation of a herbal shampoo using total
saponins of Anthophilous squares. Iran J Pharm Research, 2007; 6: 167-172.
4. Chandrani D, Lubaina SZ, Sossaman M. A review of antifungal effect of plant extract vs.
Chemical substances against Malassezia spp. Int J Pharm Bio Sci, 2012; 3(3): 773-778.
5. S Naveen, S Karthik A, R Sentila, R Mahendran, Michael A. In-vitro evaluation of herbal
and chemical agents in the management of Dandruff. J Microbial Biotech Res, 2012; 2:
16-21.
6. Sharma RM, Shah K, Janaki Patel. Evaluation of prepared herbal shampoo formulations
and to compare formulated shampoo with marketed shampoos. International journal of
pharmacy and pharmaceutical sciences, 2011; 3(4): 402-405.
7. Shinde PR, Tamiya AU, Surana SJ. Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Antidandruff
Shampoo. International Jul. of research in Cosmetic Science, 2013; 3(2): 25-33.
8. Jaya preeti P. Padmini K., Srikanth J, Lohita M, Swetha K Vengal rao p., A review on
Herbal Shampoo and its Evaluation, Asian J. Pharm. Ana, 2013; 3(4): 153-156
9. Wolf Ronni, MD, wolf Danny, MD, Soaps, Shampoos and Detergents, Clinics in
Dermatology, 2001; 19: 393-397.
10. Mithal B.M., Saha R.N., A hand book of cosmetics, first edition, 2000.
11. Punyoyai C., Sirilun S. Development of anti- dandruff shampoo from the fermented
product of ocimum sanctum Linn; Cosmetics, 2018.
12. K. Kumar J., E. Jayachandran Formulation & evaluation of providone iodine liquid anti-
dandruff shampoo; Journal of Pharmaceutical sciences & research, 2009; 1(3).

www.wjpr.net │ Vol 11, Issue 13, 2022. │ ISO 9001:2015 Certified Journal │ 1774
Goel et al. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research

13. Potluri A., S.K.S. Asma, A Review on herbs used in anti- dandruff shampoo & its
evaluation parameters, Research Journal of Topical & cosmetic sciences, 2013; 3: 05-13.
14. Potluri Anusha, G Harish, Kumar B. Pragathi, Dr. Durraivel Formulation and Evaluation
of herbal anti- dandruff shampoo. Indian Journal of Research in Pharmacy and
Biotechnology, 2013; 1(6): 835-839.
15. Sharma Shalini, Upadhyay UM, Upadhyay Siddhi U, Patel Tanvi, Trivedi Pratiksha.
Herbal Armamentarium for the culprit Dandruff. International J of Phytopharmacy
Research, 2013; 4: 23-28.
16. Chandran Sarath, V Vipin K, Augusthy Ann Rose, V Lindumol K, Shirwaikar Arun.
Development and evaluation of antidandruff shampoo based on natural sources. J of
Pharmacy and Phytotherapeutics, 2013; 1: 4.
17. Shah Prachi & Dasani Sonal. Preparation of herbello- An herbal Anti- dandruff Shampoo.
International Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences, 2015; 5: 220-228.
18. Reddy V. Sarovar, Reddy D. Jeevan Kumar, Velu M. G. Journal of Pharmacy Research,
2016; 10(11): 700-702.
19. Kumar Vinod, Rao P. Venkateswara, Prince R., Terejamma K., Chaitanya T., Kumar
Prasanna Desu. Formulation and evaluation of Antidandruff Shampoo from Bhringraj.
ARC Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2018; 4: 29-33.
20. Chavan Vinayak M., Kundan J. Tiwari Kiran A. Suryavanshi, Bhor Aditya S.
Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Shampoo. American Journal of Pharmatech
Research, 2019; 9(05).
21. Kadam Vaibhav R., Sangle Vikas R., Kathawate Ganesh S., Surwase Ulhas S. Student,
Formulation and evaluation of Anti- Dandruff shampoo. IJESC, 2020; 10.
22. Singh Abhishek, Saxena Abhishekh Shri Ram Murti Smarak College of Engineering and
Technology (Pharmacy), Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India.
23. K. Sravanthi, N. Kavitha, K. Sowmya, S. Naazneen, U.Vaishnavi, CH. Anil St. Pauls
college of pharmacy, Turkayamjal, Ranga Reddy district, Telangana, Pal Dheeraj, Maury
Shashikant, Yadav Piyush, Yadav Manoj Kumar, Sahu Shradha. Review literature on
Anti- Dandruff Shampoo. Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research,
2021; 8.
24. Naga PP, Anuradha K., Divya K.; Comparison of potency of anti-fungal action of
dandruff shampoos a different plant extract; International Journal of Medical Research &
Health Sciences, 2015; 4(2).

www.wjpr.net │ Vol 11, Issue 13, 2022. │ ISO 9001:2015 Certified Journal │ 1775
Goel et al. World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research

25. Pundak AS. & Ingle SP.; Formulation and evaluation of herbal liquid shampoo; World
Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2020; 9 (5).
26. Bhavsar RS., Sagrule SD., Unbale SS., Formulation and Development of sulphate free
shampoo; IJRASWT, 2020; 8(4).

www.wjpr.net │ Vol 11, Issue 13, 2022. │ ISO 9001:2015 Certified Journal │ 1776