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The document discusses various reactions and properties of alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes, including hydrogenation, Wurtz reaction, and free radical mechanisms. It covers the formation of stable compounds, isomerization, and the effects of different reagents on hydrocarbon transformations. Additionally, it highlights key points regarding radical substitution, addition reactions, and the stability of intermediates in organic reactions.
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Save Printable Hydrocarbons Short Notes For Later LEN DRO CARBONS
# MOP ob Alkane:
© From Umaaiorated hydrocartone
'e Procere i¢ called hydrogenation]
CSavatios Sandertoo %%n)
Nites HatPtor itt
yo Hcg Hatthored orwi, of fe
Yow
So 2Hat Pk ov Pdern;) ft
-c Bc— memes he
how
[mbond Ko.H.H se ted do]
3 ;
2? Point:- Ta conjugated dienes ,6N CTS
le barwed.
CHasch- ch ache Hy Son. cH enc |
(eq) \ i
Hoe
Cete-ch seHen5
© from Alkyl hatider (evcert fruoesee
ZA+ Aik Heh —. Zncla +|Ho
x OH gH [% hatao
" H togao |
Ry
4
® Wurtz Reaction
2Na
Qrn—x 28a __,
aR—x Bee
R-R +QnNox
RaR —
ft OP Potats
@ Nethane cansnok borwed by it
@ Free vadical Mechanigm
@ Higher aluane & Qymm trical alkanes|
ase posed Containing even no. of
C- atous
Nn
ja
GD 2Ry-% + 2R2-% TD Ri Ri +
@ ree eee
@ 20h 4 2r— 2Ri-er RR
© waa RR
© RL +Ra— Ra-Re
© arene can alte be prepared,
2.CNazcHe MOA, chg= chy
t ey
CNon-are)
* aeyelh
QACHy-CHy ——9 2H, =CHY | Intrawolec iar
within the
Neloesie)
Trbramolealay wine ase hortes than
indermoleauiax wen but product
Should be stable [ A (avo) # NA Ln
vey] , not _unstable LAA).
©Us 4 1s. dihabide wit give
digclo compound:
od ae ew
QKF CMa Hae LHX te A
2 JX cts)
(non Ar)
O@ 12? ax — Coupling
sey oH
2 em Ney
© 3°a-~,—+ dieproportonction
An.
2 chef gree ONT AS
® decavbory tation (Removal oh Cor)
Nach + Cao,
Relcoona NAH# CA p44 Nazcog
Noon
Leos
———— Na,coy
CooH|CooNa hokao,a taqa0 |
OP Point!-
© Caxbanion poxmation
® Ro-R & staritity eb Carbanion e
®© Korvers Electwsyeig
R-cooh —2>s R-H
ARYL Cooney, Cekrebna RR
2+R RR
fe OP Points =
© cothede Ha
@ Anode — areone @ Pr
@ Nature ob L91% abhor alecpomres
> Baeic (pH Me)
DPIPPPPI POPP PPP PPP eRe PP Re Pere eeecepst Propewios ob Alkaneg
PO Resets a 7
» R-H
.
.
R-K 44x
sence Boars
Spr Fe! T= 1.92. 100
9 > Chiormation |
@ Verse 1 3RIS
Cass mpap «(| pte dH
a Mpeproete HN] TPH ROR of IC
> # OP Point:
O Free wadical substtefion Ben(FRSR)
@ R-¥% wild how in chain propagation spl
— @ Radical iohibi tor uit afop then
S (02, Pewoxsde)
B® R.0.R = ForcloP BP T2
3 © Cla move seachve, tose celechve
© GCra— Less veachive, Mowe eelechve
3 @ Di. tri-tetza halo prodve mit
» asta porw-
ch
BS CHF Ch Ih cH pet Ss Chaely.
> chal D>
cely SE chelg
9 as
@® for betes yiald ob Mone hate pred. |
Cha tela AY4 chget HOO
excess)
D > Todination vod
Do gy To SS RT AI yaad
> WA Nog, HTOg
@ NTF HN0g 1 T2 +NOg +H20
> HT +H 103 — Tz +H20
® @ Isomerisation
/\4 Anya Alelg | _, Branched
Hel chain isomess
> banao
>
@ Axomatisaten
ighex ajKone
Ly n-hexane ox bi
crate [vats] Meats
FATK , 1O-20 ae
1@ controued oxidation
Controtled oxidalion
G) acy +o, SU!S22K, 4 cHgok
Yoo ate” sv ynanch
i) CHy Fo, $23, ero + Hro
A ethanat
Ui) DEHg ey + 502, LUBEERPAMA De coon +245
Soxidation by kmnoy
3eH— OH -
c
Se
904
fo}
© Ccombystion
————_—
[cates Ux*t)eatoxcort Lise
CHy + 202 Ss con+2H 0 COH=-ve}
|@© Reaction with steam
CHyt Hao a co+ esha
eS Syn gag
|@D Pyrolysis (Higher aivane fo lower
alkane , Alkenes)
fp Coma #He
Kt > Cute + Cate
> CoHe teahy tcny
Mop of AIKANG
© from Alleyne
oa
R-ckc-p! wet le deze
4 4 on
Na+ Pd |Rasoy © same &,
ox \eis|
xe)
2 ¢-ainetine
Chat Pale Hat Pd} Basoy)
Clindjaw's ca}otye})PO Sixch Reduction
AF ang
STeS Non. fexminal alvymes LIntesnal)
© Dehysronatogenaiion
rf
SoM kkon, Ron)
Vo ate
A ve 'k 4R se Mikal denge |
*
Foin}2:~
® One step sen
® Transition gtate bormation
® No intewmediate bowmation
® Ror =k CR- xD! Cease}!
© 274 oxdes , biomolecilay ven
© €* amination , Ant elimination
@® ROR> RTRs oR-ce
® WOR wewk Aleyd — Qeyaeote
© More etable alkene iz the major
@ Soyrrebh_prodve}
Move gvoshtojed | Jace substituted
Noo xc F No-oh ae Y
>In the cage ob bulky base Like
Be AlKoxide,, Le6k hindesed alkene
ig the, mae product:
Hobbmann pred.
6 « Meg e8R* say trebh
cugeHan oH en SS CligcH =CH-CHy
ae ect Minos
Hotbmann
Cg-CHa- CHE CHa,
mMeyov
DIn the case ob Alkyt bluovide,
Mose gtable cavbanion will decide
the majox product: ga
REV CTrIGCRPRPCT YL
Se OTH
ee e* elivnination
having antonic
Charan:
oceurg,
oe
© vehydration ob alcohols.
Reagent:-() Cone Hacou! B
Gi) conc HePoy
And wtla
at
Sa kt eg Gn Rework, Px yo
a € 1, DMAP Rearrange 3o04
Poolenckon’ ib pecibe OS
fexmadion ) -
Alicene
# OP Point:
© cabo cation pormation
@ Rote= k Crow?
@® s8t ovdev x49
© @ amination
@ VORA Lhobibity eb Lt covboaation
®nove efable aleene i+ Whe Major
product:
# Reawrangements in cabo cationg
© Hydride ghibt (Ov 1,2 hydride Shibt),
Hy @
Cre cee ain cr chy
1
4 4
Qa ban
| metryt shidt (Ua 2- wethyd Slabt )
Clg C= CHa, —> CHa
ene CHa
(oa (ean
[ Pricity:= H® 5 me®
@
2 C= cHy~ Cy
1
Leaving Teer? 20s c79
tu qosee tt
. Bad th Good LE
a 8 Minor
fe
encore CHLCHy AAS HOB csc ecu chny
a Gh oa +
leas Nove CHg-cHe cH cy
cfaule apable
® Dehatogenation
neat -
Hee HBR Deh + zn ye,
vicinal
dihatides
amnmhb bb hm hh MAAR hARRARARRARRAAAARARAREETRing expansion
Aci 4 ®
Ly — / =
0
®
vy
of o7-8
2
| 1,2 Bend todo , 2 ke seit
|
L ko 4 dedo
BO
»
~>
So
od
=
>
=> =
Prionty ." expannoa > HO >nucD
tren = dancing e206
wr oe
=f Properties ob Alkenee
© Hydrogenation
”
sce kde NPP Seb
He “
@Dhaogenation
® In_non. polos soleil
R- cuéch, 22 Q- bao
x cetyless a
on cHely
| Wkond Ko xix se todo, onti bor jote]
#& OP potot-
DNo intermediate pormotion
@ cyctic halonium ion is ‘hormed.
@ ant- Addi ton
=F cvample of elactrophibic addition 7%
FP © RoR Clr 68%
B® L.0-K L nicleophitici ttt ob Alvenee
X edg
(aus
n-
\
ews
Py Tact tos unsaturation
Bo
,
Seely by
Colooriert
Pees
SP, extso alle known ac tect bor
<9 0 Unseatusation-
© In polar_selvent
oH
t O- x2 \
Ro CH= Ey SE RENT
+1 Hao y
[Hatins Hose
1
we
2, RH - CH,
o” RY 2
oH
R~cH-cw,
=
# Addition oh Ingshalagen_comboors
gxtons,
eng > Ene woh, tS pee can
ae et
# Addition cb Tiden Feogent
No
+A. He
Cig CH=CH, hoe Chg CH=CH
4 ea
© naition eb Hx
R-ck wong Hes Aye R-CH-cHy
Reavwange ib y
postibsle
4 Markouni kov Rule
Ve part ob resgent—s Lece H-atom
csc Si CHy-cH-CH
NN k
@ Addition eb water
Reagent :- Hot (Ht M30) ov dH HA SOy
aay, Mis ot, moo tt
RCH = CH, > R-CH-CH go Re CH CH
rearrange 5
poscible
© Addition ob Hacoy
—_—_—~, ,@
Reagent:- Hatoy— WF + OS03H
wt oseaH4
CHgeH OM > CH en Cy SY
CHa CH=CH
OS ogy
# Addition bh Hk t0 con dienes
Chg CH- cH =ch, HA 4 cHyscH ch ~My
a Ie
*
Ma CH=
CHa: CH= CHa Sac gn tg
vx
ker *
CHa -ch=CH~ ey
X TCP, Stable aiojormip. Fastest Pap «© Addition oh HRs [Peroride.
ee
R-en NBR chy cH 8x
Peroxide
=Chy
F Point.
© free yadicay jnterwedio tormation
D No seavsangement
© ANtimarxkounikov ‘ule it abpUcoble.
@® Sep@ ic the R-d-e
® Peronider
® FRAR three vod iad addition Kn).
@D Whiz hapbene only with Ney bet
Hot with Hel and HT+bez one
A pre clep is endo thermic:
HE frree Rodical genevotes
Wy &e t fF ®
2 todd Ley Radvesy
Heat Gnery Ui} Peroxide
(Liye temp)
@ oxidation
Ls Racyers reagent (dit AIK keanoy)
Nec ate Noh
cm ose eet
& o B4m addition 2-H
vicinal daiot
Lvicinad @hy code)
Ls decsloniaotion eb KNMOy 201 iL Ured
asa kek bor unsoturation:
ozonolysis
@ Reductive _oronotysi > ~
Reagent) Oztccly Oateely
n+ Hee
(Hi) OF CCN Gv) O02, WY) 93 ox anghno
mers Me 29
\
on
ete a ere oe
YO rey > pero rerc.
wo oa4eely
Hao
(2) O34 ecly
wsaa
Reagent:
Sone cthes Rosgont :-
Wd Kunoyl Ht ox K2e%s031H*
(2 Ming] OW, heat OF Ky0%03/ OH, he ct
(3) mindy | Rest OF Kp¢¥205 [heat
°
Coa+H,0
taop ob Alleynet
Orydrosysie ob Cav
@ cao 4 ¢ sac, + cHzCH + ALDH).
te coke 2H 20H7
Cacog
Wn, oyzee
® mgzeg WES cHecens + Wg iow),
cane
yates
Oavacy acy + HANLOHD
Ione
@ eae 22, snes CHy+ 2RECOK)2
aon
® dehydro halogenation
Reagent'= 19 2 Alc: KOH
@) aNanay
(@) ALC KOH
Nanhr
WH ney 4 Rg?
‘ay . oh ©
oR oe —%ie- 5 -czc-
rice
Baa wee oH
gocie stventes !- Billa > BH
@ Lowey to highey Alkines
geapearoorererrrrereererereeceeecees Probewttes ah Aikynes © orcnotysie
Dacidic nature @ Reductive
© eo
~ NC EcH > CHac SCH> CHy-C = 7 R-ckc-! —se-C —C~
“wars
>Roczem teu, |G ondolve
fete ne ats °
Nari ee R-CHo-R! se C4 e-R'4 R-C-oH
> NMG On OW ae
By DAddition Reachone Riieay |
my © Hadrogena ton @ coupring Reachons |
~ Hat Palcoke QAR! | RMT Red hot tube
prundincet SRS 4 Le ccycey RET
MB R-czcR![ticrna Fe tube So
LQnhz
~ ne © geng-czcn B41, PS
~ Daa ENT 7 Rola Re) S |
i OHotegencton Oet-czen 8H Bua
~ wczen SMP
me Ro CEC-R' 2X Rb bg
| x CoN Vt
» i RH,
ed Teyrahabide @ cty-cze- ety RAE sex |
me 4 Test bor unsaturation
oe € Tt bor tevminal Alleynes
= 1201 og Ce
_ cety PEE @ Siwer_ritvole Test
be ee
Tower's Reagent — (AGN Og +A HYOH,
™® © Kucherov Reackion Lyctrsiony “ »
rec eae eee
mE Reagents Wdit HaS0q + dil Hg so. Reese ee SEAS
= einen 4 8 whike pot L
8 tn, © Cuprove chiowide tect
me ta, worm IY oP -
~ R-c ach TS Tame Rohe = REL R-cten SH» R ete-cu
NuyoH d
“0 @ sgt angenaen EEE ee
LAL + * Mop of BEN2ewe
m@ a—cEcH TEAS Roe —elly © cycuic ing cb Ave
a heres WCLIC Coupling +b Aleyne
dihabide) RT
MS Hydro lation aa @
wD © Gaeyare veagent (RR) @ From phenol
“a” sett bor vosoturolion Ph-on ae Ph-H+2n0
cH oy 2
oo ow os
me Rieke ORR EE Rettig» |@ Decarboxgtation
on OH Ph- coon Naot Phew
old
e66FP roperlier ob Benre
RK (Clechopintic subctiteHan 24)
oe
Hf Tybee ob ESR
@ Nitvahon
Resgent -— Conc. HNOg + Cone. Hoy
Clecdsopnite = Qnvog
®1
ogena ion
Reogent:- Xa tAnhy Foxy
Elocwphite:- x©
© Freidot cradt Ableytation
Roagenti= R=x + Anky AIK,
Cleeywophite '~ R® (rearrange
@® £:C Acython
i poss)
Reagent:- g_ Bxsamy ANXg
Eleetspnite: = g-O LS (yo veorrarg.)
© golPhonahon
Reagent’ — Oley lH 2620} OF Sory His
ov Conc. H26oy,
Elec}mpnite:— Sog
#: Formation sh Caabocation
RS
©
Roe 2 Re carbomion
Non-AxD
# aren ob proton
en «
aor
2
x Resonance bwgbrid
3 wheeland (otermediate
oigma - comple
RO RA TM AFT
# Divechive inbluence ob the gree
tM Lol P
THO
[3 padition Reation
Ha tN
CO Wat!
HT EHP
oO
J oe ehpby
ch St ce Bite (Remnant hexachionde)
ox
| oa X- 66,6
CoMechy, vente
(Tnvechqde) :
|
|
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