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As of March 2011, India's population was 1,210.6 million, making up 17.5% of the global population, with significant concentrations in states like Uttar Pradesh and Maharashtra. The document discusses the factors influencing population density and growth, including birth and death rates, migration patterns, and the importance of the adolescent population. Additionally, it outlines the National Population Policy aimed at improving education, reducing infant mortality, and promoting family welfare.

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10 views

population notes school

As of March 2011, India's population was 1,210.6 million, making up 17.5% of the global population, with significant concentrations in states like Uttar Pradesh and Maharashtra. The document discusses the factors influencing population density and growth, including birth and death rates, migration patterns, and the importance of the adolescent population. Additionally, it outlines the National Population Policy aimed at improving education, reducing infant mortality, and promoting family welfare.

Uploaded by

Anya Jain
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BAL BHARATI PUBLIC SCHOOL, GRH MARG

GEOGRAPHY CLASS 9
CHAPTER 6 POPULATION
India’s Population Size and Distribution by Numbers

● As of March 2011, India’s population was 1,210.6 million, which accounts for
17.5% of the world’s population.
● Uttar Pradesh is the most populous state of India, as it counts about 16% of
the country’s population.
● Almost half of India’s population lives in just five states which are Uttar
Pradesh, Maharashtra, Bihar, West Bengal and Andhra Pradesh.
● Sikkim has a population of just about 0.5 million and Lakshadweep has only 60
thousand people.
● Census
● A census is an official enumeration of population done periodically. In India the first
census was held in the year 1872. The first complete census, however was taken in
the year 1881. Since then censuses have been held regularly every tenth year. The
Indian Census is the most comprehensive source of demographic, social and
economic data.
India’s Population Distribution by Density
Population Density is calculated as the number of persons per unit area. The
population density of India in the year 2011 was 382 persons per sq km. That’s why
India is considered one of the most densely populated countries in the world.

Reasons for uneven distribution of population:

1. Less Densely populated:


- Rugged terrain and unfavourable climatic conditions are primarily responsible for
sparse population in these area

2. Moderate population densities


- Assam and most of the Peninsular states have moderate population densities. Hilly,
dissected and rocky nature of the terrain, moderate to low rainfall, shallow and less
fertile soils have influenced population densities in these areas.

3. Densely populated
- The Northern Plains and Kerala in the south have high to very high population
densities because of the flat plains with fertile soils and abundant rainfall. Identify
the three states of the Northern Plains with high population densities.

Population Growth
Growth of population refers to the change in the number of inhabitants of a
country/territory during a specific period of time. This change can be expressed in 2
ways:
1. In terms of absolute numbers: The absolute numbers are obtained by
subtracting the earlier population (e.g. that of 2001) from the later population
(e.g. that of 2011).
2. In terms of percentage change per year: It is studied in percent per annum,
e.g. a rate of increase of 2 per cent per annum means that in a given year,
there was an increase of two persons for every 100 persons in the base
population. This is referred to as the annual growth rate.
Processes of Population Change/Growth
Three main processes of change of population are:

1) Birth rates: The birth rate is the number of live births per thousand persons in a
year. In India, birth rates have always been higher than death rates.

2) Death rates: The death rate is the number of deaths per thousand persons in a
year. Death rates have been declining due to better medical facilities Advancements
in healthcare, sanitation, and nutrition, among other factors. Improved access to
medical facilities, vaccinations, and awareness programs has contributed to
increased life expectancy and reduced mortality rates

3) Migration: Migration is the movement of people across regions and territories.


Migration can be internal (within the country) or international (between the countries).
It influences the distribution of the population within the nation.

Reasons for migration from rural areas to urban areas

In India, most migrations have been from rural to urban areas because of the “push” factor
in rural areas. These are adverse conditions of poverty and unemployment in the rural areas
and the “pull” of the city in terms of increased employment opportunities and better living
conditions.

Impact of migration on population :


- Migration is an important determinant of population change.
- It changes not only the population size but also the population composition of urban and
rural populations in terms of age and sex composition.
- In India, the rural-urban migration has resulted in a steady increase in the percentage of
population in cities and towns.
- The urban population has increased from 17.29 per cent of the total population in 1951 to
27.78 per cent in 2001.
- There has been a significant increase in the number of ‘million plus cities’ from 23 to 35 in
just one decade i.e. 1991 to 2001

Adolescent Population
Adolescents are grouped in the age group of 10 to 19 years. They are the most
important resource for the future. It constitutes one-fifth of the total population of
India. The nutrition requirements of adolescents are higher than those of a normal
child or adult. A large number of adolescent girls suffer from anaemia..
National Population Policy
The National Population Policy (NPP) 2000 provides a policy framework for
imparting free and compulsory school education up to 14 years of age. It also helps
in

● reducing infant mortality rate to below 30 per 1000 live births


● Achieving universal immunisation of children against all vaccine-preventable
diseases
● Promoting delayed marriage for girls and making family welfare a people-
centred programme

● Delayed marriage and child-bearing

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