Hyperloop Transportation System

Y.Karthik , G.Tejaswi
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Abstract – The conventional modes of transportation of 900 miles, supersonic travel is unfeasible, as most of the
people consists of four unique types and that are rail, road, journey would be spent ascending and descending (the
water, and air. These modes of transport tend to be either slowest parts of a flight.) Given these issues, the Hyperloop
relatively slow, expensive or a combination of both. Hyperloop aims to make a cost-effective, high speed transportation
is a new mode of transport that seeks to change this pattern by system for use at moderate distances. The Hyperloop tubes
being both fast and inexpensive for people and goods. would have solar panels installed on the roof, allowing for a
Hyperloop is a proposed mode of passenger and freight clean and self-powering system.
transportation that propels a capsule-like vehicle through a
near-vacuum tube at more than airline speed. The pods would 2. INTRODUCTION
accelerate to cruising speed gradually using a linear electric
Hyperloop is a completely new mode of fastest
motor and glide above their track using passive magnetic
transportation. Hyperloop is firstly proposed by Elon musk
levitation or air bearings. Hyperloop consists of a low pressure and a team of engineer from Tesla Motors and the Space
tube with capsules that are transported at both low and high
Exploration Technologies Corporation in August 2013. The
speeds throughout the length of the tube. The capsules are concept of hyperloop includes travelling people from one
supported on a cushion of air, featuring pressurized air and
place to another place in a capsule which is propelling at a
aerodynamic lift. Passengers may enter and exit Hyperloop at
very high speed. We can also called hyperloop as a solar
stations located either at the ends of the tube, or branches
powered transportation system and it is an alternative of
along the tube length. It quickly becomes apparent just how
high speed train. Basically hyperloop is magnetically
dramatically the Hyperloop could change transportation, road
levitated train which runs inside a long tube or pipe. It
congestion and minimize the carbon footprint globally. With consists of low pressure tube with capsule that is
the Hyperloop, extremely fast, inexpensive intercity travel
transported at both low and high speeds. It is driven by
would be widely accessible. If both people and goods can move
linear induction motor and compressor. It includes 28
more quickly and comparatively cheaply, rapid growth is a
passenger pods.
logical outcome.

Key Words: Hyperloop, Propels, Vacuum Tube, Capsule, For propulsion, magnetic accelerators will be planted along
Passive Magnetic Levitation, Air Bearings the length of the tube, propelling the pods forward. The
tubes would house a low pressure environment, surrounding
the pod with a cushion of air that permits the pod to move
safely at such high speeds, like a puck gliding over an air
1. PROBLEM DESCRIPTION hockey table. Given the tight quarters in the tube, pressure
buildup in front of the pod could be a problem. The tube
As we know that there are four modes of conventional
needs a system to keep air from building up in this
transportation. First is rail which is relatively slow and
way. Musk’s design recommends an air compressor on the
expensive another is road and water which is relatively slow
front of the pod that will move air from the front to the tail,
and next is air which is too expensive. Road travel is
keeping it aloft and preventing pressure building up due to
particularly problematic, given carbon emissions and the
air displacement. A one way trip on the Hyperloop is
fluctuating price of oil. As the environmental dangers of
projected to take about 35 minutes (for comparison,
energy consumption continue to worsen, mass transit will be
traveling the same distance by car takes roughly six hours.)
crucial in the years to come. Developments in high-speed rail
Passengers may enter and exit Hyperloop at stations located
have historically been impeded by the difficulties in
either at the ends of the tube, or branches along the tube
managing friction and air resistance, both of which become
length.
substantial when vehicles approach high speeds. Rail travel
is relatively energy efficient and offers the most
environmentally friendly option, but is too slow and 3. LITERATURE SURVEY
expensive to be massively adopted. At distances less than Ahmed Hodaib, Samar F. Abdel Fattah (May 2016), discussed
the design of a hyperloop capsule with linear induction
propulsion system which is used to accelerate and decelerate
the capsule. They studied that like rotary synchronous
motors; linear motors run on 3-phase power and can
support very high speeds. However, there are end effects
that reduce the motor's thrust force. Linear induction motors
are thus less energy efficient than normal rotary motors for
any required force output. They also discussed about the
manufacturing of linear induction motor in this paper.[1]

Jeffrey C. Chin, Justin S. Gray, Scott M. Jones, Jeffrey J. Berton,

They discussed about the Open-Source Conceptual Sizing
Models for the Hyperloop Passenger Pod in this paper. They
concluded that the refined analysis illuminates several
interdisciplinary couplings that alter two major aspects of Fig-1: Operating principle of hyperloop[8]
the initial concept. First, the pod travel speed and the tube
cross sectional area are linked, forcing the tube size to be to
be roughly twice the diameter of the original specification, in 5. CONSTRUCTION
order for the pod to reach Mach 0.8. Second, the steady-state
tube temperature is dominated by ambient thermal 5.1 Tube:
interactions unrelated to the heat generated by the pod The tube is made of steel. There are two tubes which are
compression system.[2] welded together side by side configuration to allow the
capsules travel in both directions. The tube will be
Mark Sakowski (2016) discussed the current maglev
supported by pillars. There is a solar arrays are provided
technology along with the theoretical evacuated tube
on a top of the tubes for the purpose of power to the
technology and they concluded that the hyperloop is feasible
system.
and if properly designed, has the potential to be much more
efficient in terms of energy usage of pods traversing down
the tube.[3] Solar Panel
Low Pressure Tube
N. Kayela, (2014) investigated that the hyperloop is a fifth
mode of transportation alongside trains, planes, automobiles
and boats. He discussed about the railway track for the
hyperloop, stations for the hyperloop. Also, discussed about
the two version of capsule that is one is passenger only
version and another is passenger plus vehicle version.[4]

Mohammed Imran (2016) He focused his study element on Fig-2: Construction of tube [9]
the hyperloop technology (the passenger transport system).
He discussed about the two version of hyperloop in that one 5.2 Capsule:
is passenger only version and another is passenger plus
vehicle version. Hyperloop System.[5] The capsule can carry 28 passengers at a time and it send at
a very high speed and it is levitated by a high pressure air
4. BASIC PRINCIPLE OF HYPERLOOP cushion. The design of capsule is start with the aerodynamic
shape. There are two version of capsule are being
Hyperloop is based on a principle of magnetic levitation. The considered: a passenger only version and a passenger plus
principle of magnetic levitation is that a vehicle can be vehicle version.
suspended and propelled on a guidance track made with
magnets. The vehicle on top of the track may be propelled
with the help of a linear induction motor.

Inlet Compressor Compressor

Battery
motor
Firewall
Seat Suspension
Air Storage

Fig-3: Arrangement in capsule[6]

5.3 Compressor: 6. WORKING OF HYPERLOOP SYSTEM
The compressor is fitted at the front side of the capsule. It
supplies the air to the air bearings which supports the
weight of the capsule. The compressor allows the capsule to
traverse to the low pressure tube without choking the air
flow that travels between tube walls and capsule.

Fig-7: Working of hyperloop system

Fig-4: Compressor [7] Working of hyperloop system is based on magnetic

levitation principle. As we know that the passenger pad
travel through low pressure tube which is pylon-supported
5.4 Suspension:
tube.
Air bearing suspension offers stability and extremely low In hyperloop system an air compressor fan is fitted on front
drag at a feasible cost. A stiff air bearing suspension is side of pod which sucks the air. It transfer high pressure air
superb for reliability and safety. When there is a gap front side to the rear side of capsule (pod) and it propel the
between ski and tube walls is high then it shows the pod. It creates the air cushion around the pod, so that the
nonlinear reaction and which results in large restoring pod is suspended in air within the tube.
pressure.
On the basis of magnetic levitation principle the pod will be
propelled by the linear induction motor. By the linear
induction motor the capsule send from one place to another
place to a subsonic velocity that is slower than the speed of
sound.
The pod will be self-powered. There is solar panel fitted on
top of the tube. By this solar panel there is enough energy is
Fig-5: Schematic of air bearing skis that support the capsule stored in battery packs to operate at night and in cloudy
[6] weather for some periods. The energy is also is stored in the
form of compressed air.
5.5 Propulsions:
The air between the capsule acts as a cushions to prevent
To accelerate and decelerate the capsule the linear induction two capsules from colliding within the tube.
motor is used in hyperloop system. It provides some
advantages over a permanent magnet motor. To accelerate
the capsules there is linear accelerators are constructed on a
length of the tube. Stators are placed on the capsules to
transfer momentum to the capsules via the linear
accelerators.

Fig-6: Propulsion [6]

Fig-8: Air through bypass tunnel

In above figure it shown that the air through the compressor 4. It can be used in material handling deices.
is send to a bypass nozzle at the rear end of the capsule. If
capsule cover too much area of the tube then, the air is not
flow around the capsule and ultimately the entire column of REFERENCES
air in the tube is being pushed ahead of the capsule and
because of this there is friction between the air and tube [1] Ahmed Hodaib, Samar, et al, international journal of
walls is increases tremendously. Therefore to avoid this mechanical, aerospace, industrial, mechatronics and
problem the compressor is fitted at the front of the capsule manufacturing engineering Vol:10 No:5, (May 2016)
through which the air is flow which will not flow around the
[2] Chin, Jeffrey C.; Gray, Justin S.; Jones, Scott M.; Breton,
capsule and send it to bypass nozzle. Jeffrey J. (January 2015). Open-Source Conceptual Sizing
Models for the Hyperloop Passenger Pod (PDF). 56th
AIAA/ASCE/AHS/ASC Structures, Structural Dynamics,
7. MERITS AND DEMERITS OF HYPERLOOP and Materials Conference. January 5–9, 2015.
TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM Kissimmee, Florida. doi:10.2514/6.2015-1587.
7.1 Merits: [3] Paper by Mark Sakowski, “The Next Contender in High
Speed Transport Elon Musks Hyperloop”, 2016
1. It saves the travelling time.
2. There is no problem of traffic. [4] N. Kayela, editor of scientific and technical department,
“Hyperloop: A Fifth Mode of Transportation”, 2014
3. It is powered by the solar panel.
[5] Mohammed Imran, international journal of engineering
4. It can travel in any kind of weather. research, 2016
5. Cost of hyperloop is low. [6] Musk, Elon (August 12, 2013). "Hyperloop Alpha"(PDF).
6. Not disruptive to those along the route. SpaceX. Retrieved August 13, 2013.
7. More convenient.
8. Resistance to earthquake. [7] Compressor:https://patrickenewman.files.wordpress.co
m/2016/03/compressoriso.png
7.2 Demerits:
[8] Operating principle of hyperloop http://web-
1. Turning will be critical. japan.org/kidsweb/hitech/maglev/images/004.jpg
2. Less movable space for passenger. [9] Tubehttps://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/common
3. High speed might cause dizziness in some passenger. s/thumb/8/86/Hyperloop.jpg/220px-Hyperloop.jpg

4. Punctured tunnel could cause shockwaves.

8. CONCLUSION
1. A high speed transportation system known as
Hyperloop has been developed in this report.
2. Hyperloop transportation system can be used over the
conventional modes of transportation that are rail, road,
water and air.
3. At very high speed it provides better comfort and cost is
also low.
4. By reducing the pressure of the air in the tube which
reduces simple air drag and enables the capsule to move
faster than through a tube at atmospheric pressure.

9. FUTURE WORK

1. Improve the passenger capacity.

2. Detailed station designs with loading and unloading of
passenger
3. Safety features improvement.