Tutorial #4 - Differentiation Solutions

𝐝𝐲
1. If 𝐲 = 𝐭𝐚𝐧(𝐞𝐱 − 𝟏), show that 𝐝𝐱 = 𝐞𝐱 (𝟏 + 𝐲 𝟐 ).

Solution:

Let 𝑢 = 𝑒 𝑥 − 1 𝑦 = tan 𝑢

𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑦
= 𝑒𝑥 = sec 2 𝑢
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢
= ×
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦
= sec 2 𝑢 × 𝑒 𝑥
𝑑𝑥

𝑅𝑒: sec 2 𝜃 = 1 + tan2 𝜃

𝑑𝑦
= (1 + tan2 𝑢)𝑒 𝑥
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦
→ = 𝑒 𝑥 (1 + 𝑦 2 )
𝑑𝑥

Hence the statement is shown.

𝐝𝐲
2. Find 𝐝𝐱 𝐢𝐟 𝐲 = 𝐱 √𝐱

Solution:

𝑦 = 𝑥 √𝑥

𝑇𝑎𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔 ln 𝑜𝑛 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠: ln 𝑦 = ln 𝑥 √𝑥

ln 𝑦 = √𝑥 ln 𝑥

1 𝑑𝑦 1 1 1
𝐷𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑤𝑟𝑡 𝑥: = ln 𝑥 ( 𝑥 −2 ) + √𝑥 ( )
𝑦 𝑑𝑥 2 𝑥

1 𝑑𝑦 ln 𝑥 √𝑥
= +
𝑦 𝑑𝑥 2√𝑥 𝑥
 𝑑𝑦 ln 𝑥 1
= 𝑦( + )
𝑑𝑥 2√𝑥 √𝑥

𝒅𝟐 𝒚 𝒅𝒚
3. If 𝒚 = 𝐥𝐧(𝟏 + 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙) show that 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 𝒅𝒙𝟐 + 𝒅𝒙 = 𝟎

Solution:

𝑦 = ln(1 + sin 𝑥)

𝑑𝑦 cos 𝑥
=
𝑑𝑥 1 + sin 𝑥

To find the second differential, we must use Quotient Rule:

Recall: Quotient Rule,

𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣
𝑑𝑦 𝑣 𝑑𝑥 − 𝑢 𝑑𝑥
=
𝑑𝑥 𝑣2

Let 𝑢 = cos 𝑥 𝑣 = 1 + sin 𝑥

𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣
= − sin 𝑥 = cos 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

Substituting into quotient rule formula:

𝑑 2 𝑦 (1 + sin 𝑥)(− sin 𝑥) − (cos 𝑥)(cos 𝑥)

=
𝑑𝑥 2 (1 + sin 𝑥)2

− sin 𝑥 − sin2 𝑥 − cos2 𝑥

=
(1 + sin 𝑥)2

− (sin 𝑥 + sin2 𝑥 + cos2 𝑥)

=
(1 + sin 𝑥)2

− (sin 𝑥 + 1) −(1 + sin 𝑥)

= 2
=
(1 + sin 𝑥) (1 + sin 𝑥) (1 + sin 𝑥)

𝑑2𝑦 −1
=
𝑑𝑥 2 1 + sin 𝑥
 𝑑𝑦 𝑑2 𝑦
Now we have 𝑑𝑥 and 𝑑𝑥 2 let’s substitute in and prove the result:

𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦 cos 𝑥 −1 cos 𝑥
cos 𝑥 2 + = ( )+
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 1 1 + sin 𝑥 1 + sin 𝑥
− cos 𝑥 cos 𝑥
= +
1 + sin 𝑥 1 + sin 𝑥

=0

Hence the result is shown.

4. A curve has the equation 𝒙𝒚 + 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟐

𝒅𝒚
i. Using Implicit Differentiation find 𝒅𝒙

Solution:

𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 = 2

𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
(𝑥𝑦) + (𝑦 2 ) = (2)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑
(𝑥𝑦)
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑢
𝑈𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑃𝑟𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡 𝑅𝑢𝑙𝑒 ∶ =𝑢 +𝑣
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑢 = 𝑥 𝑣=𝑦

𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣 𝑑𝑦
=1 =
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑 𝑑𝑦
(𝑥𝑦) = 𝑥 ( ) + 𝑦
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑 𝑑𝑦
(𝑦 2 ) = 2𝑦
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑
(2) = 0
𝑑𝑥

Therefore,
 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
→ 𝑥( ) + 𝑦 + 2𝑦 =0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
𝑥 + 2𝑦 = −𝑦
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦
(𝑥 + 2𝑦) = −𝑦
𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦 𝑦
=−
𝑑𝑥 𝑥 + 2𝑦

ii. Equation of the tangent to the curve (1,1)

Solution:

To find the equation of the tangent we must have a point and the gradient. The

point (1,1) is given.

𝑑𝑦
𝐺𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒𝑛𝑡 = |
𝑑𝑥 (1,1)

1 1
𝑚=− = −
1 + 2(1) 3
1
Equation of tangent using 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐 where (𝑥, 𝑦) = (1,1) and 𝑚 = − 3

1
1 = (− ) (1) + 𝑐
3

1
1+ =𝑐
3
4
𝑐=
3

1 4
𝑦=− 𝑥+
3 3

3𝑦 = −𝑥 + 4 is the equation of the tangent.

5. A curve is defined by 𝒙 = 𝟓 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽 and 𝒚 = 𝟓 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽. Use parametric differentiation to
𝒅𝒚 𝝅
find 𝒅𝒙 in terms of 𝜽. Find the equation of the tangent at 𝜽 = 𝟒

Solution:
𝑥 = 5 cos 𝜃 𝑦 = 5 sin 𝜃

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦
= −5 sin 𝜃 = 5 cos 𝜃
𝑑𝜃 𝑑𝜃

𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝜃
= ×
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝜃 𝑑𝑥

5 sin 𝜃
=−
5 cos 𝜃

𝑑𝑦 sin 𝜃
=−
𝑑𝑥 cos 𝜃

Equation of the tangent:

𝜋
1) Point: 𝑥 = 5 cos 𝜃 = 5 cos 4 = 3.54

𝜋
𝑦 = 5 sin 𝜃 = 5 sin = 3.54
4

(𝑥, 𝑦) = (3.54, 3.54)

𝑑𝑦
2) Gradient of the tangent,𝑚 = 𝑑𝑥 | 𝜋
𝜃=
4

𝜋
sin 4
𝑚=− 𝜋 = −1
cos 4

Equation of Tangent; 𝑦 = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐

3.54 = (−1)(3.54) + 𝑐

3.54 + 3.54 = 𝑐

𝑐 = 7.08

Tangent Equation, 𝑦 = −𝑥 + 7.08

6. Differentiate:

𝟒𝒙+𝟏
i) 𝒚 = 𝐥𝐧 (𝟕𝒙−𝟐)

Solution
𝑎
Recall: ln (𝑏) = ln 𝑎 − ln 𝑏
4𝑥 + 1
y = ln ( ) = ln(4𝑥 + 1) − ln(7𝑥 − 2)
7𝑥 − 2
𝑑𝑦 4 7
= −
𝑑𝑥 4𝑥 + 1 7𝑥 − 2

ii) 𝒚 = 𝟑𝒙𝟒 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙

Solution
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣
Using Product Rule,𝑑𝑥 = 𝑣 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑢 𝑑𝑥 where

𝑢 = 3𝑥 4 𝑣 = sin 𝑥
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣
= 12𝑥 3 = cos 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
= sin 𝑥 (12𝑥 3 ) + 3𝑥 4 (cos 𝑥)
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
= 12𝑥 3 sin 𝑥 + 3𝑥 4 cos 𝑥
𝑑𝑥

𝟕𝒙−𝟏
iii) 𝒚 = 𝟐𝒙𝟐 +𝟒

Solution
Using Quotient Rule, where
𝑢 = 7𝑥 − 1 𝑣 = 2𝑥 2 + 4
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑣
=7 = 4𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 (2𝑥 2 + 4)(7) − (7𝑥 − 1)(4𝑥)
=
𝑑𝑥 (2𝑥 2 + 4)2
14𝑥 2 + 28 − 28𝑥 2 + 4𝑥
=
(2𝑥 2 + 4)2
𝑑𝑦 −14𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 28
=
𝑑𝑥 (2𝑥 2 + 4)2