Communicative

Lesson 4: Simple Present

Let's Learn the PRESENT SIMPLE Tense:
When we want to talk about things that are common and every day, we use the PRESENT SIMPLE
tense in the following way:

We construct simple sentences using the following elements:

1. SUBJECT + PRESENT VERB + COMPLEMENT

Marisol studies English, because she wants to travel abroad.

1. The SUBJECT is the person or people doing the VERB.

Marisol

2. The VERB is the ACTION.

To study = studies

3. The COMPLEMENT tells us where, when, how, what, or why the ACTION happens.

At school

During the afternoons

For example:

• I EAT cake in the bakery: I + EAT + cake in the bakery.

• Mario PLAYS soccer in the stadium: Mario + PLAYS + soccer in the stadium.

(WHEN THE SUBJECT IS A MAN, WOMAN, OR SINGULAR THING, YOU ADD 'S' TO THE VERB)
Workshop: Read and answer the questions.
Negative Sentences

If you want to say, for example:

YO NO JUEGO EN EL ESTADIO: I + DON'T + PLAY IN THE STADIUM

do + not = no

MARIA NO COME PASTEL EN LA PANADERIA: MARIA + DOESN'T + EAT CAKE IN THE

BAKERY does + not = no

There's a special rule for negation with subjects, as follows:

"Some use 'don't' for negation, while others use 'doesn't' for negation…"

• I don’t go – Yo no voy

• He doesn’t study – Él no estudia

• You don’t play – Tú no juegas

• She doesn’t sleep – Ella no duerme

• We don’t eat – Nosotros no comemos

• They don’t dance – Ellos no bailan

It's very simple. Now, let's construct more sentences similar to the previous ones but using

negation:
Workshop: Choose the correct way to write these negative sentences.
Questions:

When you want to ask a question in the present simple tense, you use a specific question
structure. The structure depends on whether the subject is one of "I, you, we, they" or "he, she, it."

For subjects like "I, you, we, they," you start with "DO" followed by the subject, then the base
form of the verb, and a complement if necessary. Finally, you add a question mark at the end. For

example:

• DO YOU EAT eggs for breakfast?

• DO WE GO to the park on Saturdays?

For subjects like "he, she, it," you start with "DOES," then the subject, followed by the base form

of the verb, and the complement if needed. Again, end with a question mark. For example:

• DOES SHE STUDY English at night?

• DOES IT WORK properly?

Workshop: Complete and answer the following questions.

1. Does Lisa like pizza?

____________________________________________________________

2. she know much English?

____________________________________________________________

3. he swim every morning?

____________________________________________________________
4. Do farmers grow rice?
____________________________________________________________

5. your sister write a letter?

____________________________________________________________

6. he work in the office?

____________________________________________________________

7. Tata sing well?

____________________________________________________________

8. they buy new schoolbag?

____________________________________________________________

9. the boys drink Coca - Cola?

____________________________________________________________

10. Mr. Manit work hard?

Adding WH Words:
To make your questions more specific, you can add WH words at the beginning.

• WHERE (DÓNDE) • WHY (POR QUÉ) • HOW (CÓMO)

• WHAT (QUÉ) • WHEN (CUÁNDO)

These WH words can help you gather more information in your questions, making them more
detailed.

• WHERE DOES SHE PLAY? (To inquire • WHEN DO WE GO? (To find out the

about her location of play.) timing of an action.)

• WHAT DO YOU BUY? (To ask about • HOW DOES IT WORK? (To seek an
the items someone purchases.) explanation of a process or
• WHY DOES HE COOK? (To mechanism.)
understand the reason behind his

cooking.)
Lesson 5: Present Continuous

The Present Continuous tense, also known as the Present Progressive, is used to describe actions that
are happening right now or around the current time. It's an important and simple tense, and in this
section, we'll show you how to use it effectively.

Forming the Present Continuous:

To form a sentence in the Present Continuous tense, you need two main elements: the present tense
of the verb "to be" (am, is, are) and the base form of the main verb with an "-ing" ending.

Affirmative Sentences:

For affirmative statements, use the following structure:

- Subject (I, you, he, she, it, we, they) + am/is/are+ base verb + -ing

- For example:

- I am eating dinner.

- She is playing the piano.

Negative Sentences:
To make negative statements, simply add "not" after "am," "is," or "are."

- Subject + am/is/are + not + base verb + -ing

- For example:

- They are not studying now.

- He is not working on Sundays.

Workshop: Fill in the blanks with negative sentences in the Present Continuous tense.

Use the verb in parentheses to complete each sentence. Make sure to use the correct form of "am
not," "is not," or "are not."

1. She ________________ (play) video games right now.

2. They ________________ (eat) pizza for dinner tonight.

3. I ________________ (watch) TV this afternoon.

4. He ________________ (study) Spanish at the moment.

5. We ________________ (have) a meeting later today.

6. It ________________ (rain) outside.

7. You ________________ (read) a book right now.

8. The dog ________________ (bark) loudly in the yard.

9. The children ________________ (swim) in the pool today.

10. My sister ________________ (paint) a picture this evening.

Questions:

To form questions, invert the

subject and the present tense of
"to be."

Am/Is/Are + subject + base verb

+ -ing?

- For example:

Are you watching TV?

Is she coming to the party?

Workshop: Match the question and answer.
Usage of Present Continuous:
1. Actions Happening Now: The Present Continuous is used to describe actions that are happening at
the moment of speaking. It helps you express what you are currently doing or what someone else is
doing.

- Example: "I am reading a book right now."

2. Future Plans: You can also use the Present Continuous to talk about future plans or scheduled
events. This is especially common for arrangements and appointments.

- Example: "We are meeting for lunch tomorrow."

3. Temporary Situations: The Present Continuous can be used to describe temporary situations or
conditions, such as changes from the norm.

- Example: "She is usually very quiet, but she is talking a lot today."
Workshop: Read and answer the questions.