Chapt

er7LOGI
C

Cour
seCodeandTi
te:GE
l 3-Mat
hemat
icsi
ntheModer
nWor
ld

ModuleTitl
e:Modul e7-L OGIC
Overvi
ew:
Logicisthescienceofcorrectreasoni ng.Thi si
softenusedt ocommuni cat
e
moreeffect
ivel
y,constr
uctvali
dar gument sandmakedeci sions.Theknowl edgeof
l
ogiccanbeusedext ensivel
ysuchasdesi gni ngcomput ersoftwarecircuit
sf orsmar t
phonesandsolvingmat hemati
calpr oblemsandconst r
uctingmat hemat i
cal proofs.
Lesson1di scussesthediff
erentl ogicalstat ementandquant i
fi
ers.
Lesson2di scussesthetruthtables, equivalentstatement sandt autologies
Lesson3di scussesthecondi ti
onal andt hebi condi
tionals
Lesson4di scussesthecondi ti
onal andr elatedstatement s.
Lesson5di scussessymbol i
car gument s
Lesson6di scussesargument sandEul erdi agrams

Lesson1 Logi
cSt
atement
sandQuant
if
ier
s

Learni
ngOut comes:
Attheendoft hi
sl esson, youmusthav e:
1.Definedlogicst at
ement
2.Determinedwhet herthesent enceisalogicstat
ementornot
3.Diff
erentiat
edsi mplest atementfrom compoundstatement
4.Usedconnect i
vest otransform st
atement si
nsymbolicfor
m
5.Conv ert
edstatement sintoitsthenegation
6.Composedt heconj unctionanddisjunct
ionoftwostatement
s
7.Determinedt het r
uthv alueofstatement

CATCH I
T

(ACTIVATE)
A.Identi
fywhet hereachsent enceisal ogical statement.
1.Nuev aValenciaisat ownoft hePr ov inceofGuimaras.
2.Howar eyou?
3.93+2i sapr imenumber .
4.x- 7=10
5.Closet hedoor.
B.Wr i
teanegat ionofast at
ement .
1.Dr.Erl
yM.Mar ti
ristheGSCOI C-Pr esi dent.
2.Thepl antsdonotneedt obewat ered.
3.Cov i
d2019i sadeadl ydisease.
4.Guimar asisnotamongt heCov id-freepr ovi
ncesinthecount
ry.
5.Sheiswear ingamask.
C.Wr i
ti
ngt hecompoundst atement sinsy mbol i
cform.
Consi
derthef oll
owingsimpl estatement s.
p:Todayi sTuesday .
q: I
tisasunnyday .
r:Iam hav i
ngsi mulationononl inecl asses.
s:Iam notgoingt oGui maras.

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Writethef ollowi ngcompoundst atementi ssy mbol icf orm:

1.Todayi sTuesdayandi tissunny .
2.I tisnotsunnyandIam hav ingsi mul at i
onononl i
neclasses.
3.Iam goi ngt oGui mar asorIam hav ingsi mul ationononl inecl
asses.
4.I fiti sasunnydayt henIam goi ngt oGui mar as.
D.Wr iti
ngeachoft hesy mbol icst at ement si nwor ds:
Consi dert hef ol l
owi ngst atement s:
p: Sheneedsl aptopf orheronl inecl asses.
q.Sept ember7i sthest ar tofcl assesf ort hesemest er.
r.Thef acul t ymember swi ll
uset heFl exi bleLear ningmodal it
y.
s.Herst udent sdonothav est r
ongi nter netconnect ion.
Writeeachoft hef ollowi ngsy mbol icst atement si nwor ds:
1.qɅp 2.~rɅs 3.s↔ ~p
E.Transl atingCompoundSt atement s
Letp, q,andrr epr esentt hef oll
owi ng:
p:Gui mar asi sunderModi fiedGener al Communi t
yQuar ati
ne(MGCQ) .
q: Inst ruct ordel aVegai sbusypr epar inghermodul es.
r.Wedonothol df ace- to-facei nst ruction.
1.Wr i
te( pɅq)→rasanEngl ishsent ence.
2.Wr i
te“I fI nstr.del aVegai snotbusypr epar inghermodules,t
hen
Gui mar asi s` notunderModi fi
edGener al Communi t
yQuaranti
ne.
F.Determi ningt heTr uthVal ueofASt atement
Determi newhet hereachst atementi st rueorf al se.
1. 5≥3
2.6i sawhol enumberand6i sanoddnumber .
3.2i sanev ennumberand2i spr i
me.
G.Wr i
tingt henegat ionofaQuant i
f i
edSt atement
Writethenegat ionofeachoft hef ollowi ngst at ement s.
1.Someshoppi ngmal l
si nt heci tyar eopen.
2.NoSeni orCi ti
zeni sal lowedt ot ravel dur i
ngGener alCommuni t
y
Quarant i
ne.
3.Al lschool sar eadopt ingt heBl endedLear ningmodal it
yindeli
veri
ng
thei rinst ruct iont hispandemi c.

CONCEPTUALI
ZE
(ANALYZE)
 Ast atementi sadecl ar
ativesentencethatiseit
hert r
ueorf
alse,
butnot
bot htrueandf alse.
Exampleofsent encest hatar econsi deredstatements:
1.Jor danist hecapi tal
t ownofGui maras.
2.Thenov el CoronaVi r
usor i
ginatedinWuhan, Chi
na.
3.Mat hemat i
csisanexactsci ence.
4.x=9when2x–3=15
5.Thesetofev enandt hesetofoddnumber sar edisj
oint.
Exampleofsent encest hatar enotconsi der
edstatements:
1.Whoi syourt eacher ?
2.I
si tfun?
3.Stayathome.
4.Pleaseobser vepr operhandwashi ng.
5.Ouch!I thurts.

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 Asimpl
estat
ementisast
atementt
hatconveysasi
ngl
eidea.A
compoundst
atementi
sastat
ementthatconv
eystwoormoreideas.

Connectingsi
mplestatementwit
hwordsorphrasessuchasand,or,
i
f…then,andifandonlyifcr
eat
esacompoundst at
ement.
Example: Iwi
l
lgoformodularl
earni
ngorIwi
lloptforonl
inel
ear
ning.

Logi
cConnect
ivesandSymbols
St
atement Connect
ive Sy
mbol
i
cFor
m Typeof
Stat
ement
notp not ~p negation
pandq and pɅq conjunction
porq or pVq di
sjunction
fp,
I thenq. If…then p→q conditi
onal
pifandonlyq Ifandonl
yif p↔q bi
condi t
ional

 Thet rut
hv alueofasi mpl estatementi seit
hert r
ue( T)orfal
se(F) .
 Thet rut
hv alueofacompoundst atementdependsont hetr
uthv aluesof
i
t ssimplest atement sandi tsconnect i
ves
 At rut
ht ableisat abl
et hatshoest hetruthvalueofacompound
statementf oral lpossibletruthvaluesofitssi mplestatements.
0
Ifthestatementpi st
rue, i
tsnegation~pi sfalse,andifthestat
ementpi s
false,i
tsnegat ion~pi st r
ue.Thenegat i
onoft henegat i
onofast atement
i
st heoriginalst at
ement .
 Ifacompoundst atementi swr i
tt
eni nsymbol icf
or m,thenparentheses
areusedt oi ndicat ewhichsi mplest at
ement saregr oupedtogether .

Symbol
i
cFor
m Theparenthesesi ndicatet hat:
pɅ(qV~r) qandraregr oupedt ogether
(pɅq)Vr pandqar egr oupedt oget her
(pɅ~q)
→(rVs) pand~qar egr oupedt oget her
randsareal sogr oupedt oget her
I
facompoundst at
ementi
swri
tt
enasanEngl ishsent ence, thenacomma
i
susedtoindi
catewhi
chsi
mplestatementsaregr oupedt oget her.
St
atement
sont hesamesi
deofacommaar egr oupedt ogether .

Engli
shSent
ence Thecommai ndicat
est hat:
p,andqornotr qand~raregroupedbecauset heyareboth
onthesamesideoft hecomma
pandq,orr pandqar egroupedt ogetherbecausethey
arebot
hont hesamesi deofthecomma
Ifpandnotq,
thenror pand~qar egroupedt ogetherbecausethey
s. arebot
htotheleftofthecomma.
randsaregroupedtoget herbecausethey
arebot
htother i
ghtoft hecomma

 Trut
hValueofaConj
unct
ion.Theconj
unct
ionpɅqi st
ruei
fandonl
yif
bothpandqaretr
ue.
Theconj
unct
ionpɅqisfal
seifei
therporqisf
alse.

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Tr
utht
abl
eforpɅq
P q pɅq
T T T
T F F
F T F
F F F
 Trut
hValueofaDisj
unct
ion
Thedisj
unctonpVqi
i str
ueifandonl
yifpist
r qi
ue, st
rue, hpandq
orbot
aret
rue.

Tr
uthTabl
eforpVq
p q pVq
T T T
T F T
F T T
F F F

 Exist
entialQuanti
fiersareusedaspr efi
xestoasser ttheexi
stence
ofsomet hing.Thesear e:some, t
hereexi
sts,atleastone.
 UniversalQuanti
fiersareusedaspr efi
xestoasser ttheexi
stenceof
everyt
hingordenyt heexistenceofsomething.Noneandnodeny
theexistenceofsomet hing, easal
wher landev eryoneareusedt o
assertthateveryelementofagi v
ensetsatisfi
essomecondi t
ion.

Quantif
iedSt
atement
sandThei rNegat
ions
Stat
ement Negat
ion
AllXareY. SomeXar enotY.
NoXar eY. SomeXar eY.
SomeXar enotY. Al l
XareY.
SomeXar eY. NoXar eY.

CARRYOUT
(APPLY)
Exerci
ses:
A.Identi
fywhet hereachsent encei salogicalst
atement .
1.Keepsaf e.
2.I
sy ourr esultinSwabt estnegati
v e?
2
3.x=49.
4.101i sanoddnumber .
5.Thef i
nanci alassistancetot he4pswi l
lbegi v
ent omorr
ow.
B.Wr i
teanegat ionofast atement .
1.30,002i sanev ennumber .
2
2.3x –6=6
3.Ourschool isprepar edfordeli
veringonli
neclasses.
4.Thebasket ballgamedi dnotgoint oover
time.
5.Frequentwashi ngofhandspr eventthetransmissionofthedi
sease.

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C.Wr i
tingt hecompoundst atement si nsy mbol i
cform.
Consi dert hef ol l
owingsi mpl est atement s.
p: Sept emberi sthest ar
toft heChr istmasseasoni nthePhil
i
ppines.
q: Ourf ami lywi l
lgot oHONGKONG.
r:Thegov ernmentwi llnotal lowi nter nati
onal fl
ights.
s: Iam notat t
endingpar ti
es.
Writethef ollowi ngcompoundst atementi ssy mbol icform:
1.Sept emberi sthest artoft heChr istmasseasoni nthePhil
i
ppinesand
our
fami lywi l
lgot oHongkong.
2.Iam at tendi ngpar t
iesorourf ami lywi llnotgot oHONGKONG.
3.Ift hegov ernmentwi llall
owi nternat i
onal fli
ghtst henourfamilywil
lgo
to
Hongkong.
Writeeachoft hef oll
owi ngsy mbol icst atement sinwor ds.Uset hestat
ement si
n
ExercisesC.
1.~qɅ~p
2.rɅ~s
3.s→ ~p
E.TranslatingCompoundSt atement s
Letp, q, andrr epr esentthef ollowi ng:
P: Thegov er norissuedanexecut iveor der .
q:Ther esident sareal l
owedt ogot ot heci tytwiceaweek.
r.Hei sast rongf i
ghter.
1.Wr ite( rɅp)→sasanEngl ishsent ence.
2.Wr ite“I ft heresidentsar eal lowedt ogot otheci t
yt wi
ceaweek, t
hen
hei sast rongf i
ght er.

F.Determini
ngtheTruthVal
ueofAStatement
Deter
mi newhethereachst
atementi
str
ueorfalse.
1.7≤12
2.12isawholenumberand12isfact
orable.
3.14isamultipl
eof2and14iscomposite.

G.Wri
ti
ngthenegationofaQuant if
iedSt at
ement
Wri
tet
henegat i
onofeachoft hefollowingstatements.
1.Al
lrest
aurantsareclosedat4pm.
2.Noinst
itut
ionisall
owedt oconductf ace-
to-
faceinstr
uct
ion.
3.Ev
erystudentrecei
vesf i
nancialassi
stanceduri
ngt hi
spandemi
c

CHECKPOI
NT

(
ASSESSMENT)

Fornumber
s1-6determinewhethereachsentenceisast
atement
.Assumet
hat
aandbarerealnumbers.
1.HowmuchdoesaCOVI D19PCRTestcost ?
2.TakeVit
ami nCdail
ytoboosty ourimmunesy st
em.
3.ManyFil
ipi
noslostthei
rjobsthispandemic.
4.ab≤a+b
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5.b2≥0
6.936i sdi v
isi bl
eby3.
Fornumber s7- 10wr i
teeachsent enceinsy mboli
cf orm.Repr esenteachsimple
stat
ementoft hesentencewi ththel et
teri
ndicatedinparentheses.Al so,st
atewhether
thesentenceisaconj unction,adi sj
uncti
on,anegat i
on,acondi ti
onal,orabicondit
ional
.
7.Todayi sSunday(m)andi tismybestf ri
end’sbirthday(b).
8.I fxisdivi
si bleby6(s)t heniti
sdi vi
sibl
eby3( t).
9.Iam goi ngt oturninmyout put(g)ifandonlyifIhav eani nter
netconnecti
on
(h)
.
10.Iwilloptformodul arlear ng(m )
ni orIwill
notenr ollp)
( .

Fornumber
s11- 16, wri
tethenegationofeachquantif
iedst at
ement.St
arteach
negat
ionwi
th“some” ,
“No”or“ All
.”
11.
Allacuteangl esarelessthan90°inmeasur e.
12.
"Notrianglesarequadr i
lat
eral
s
13.
Someusedcar sarereli
able.
14.
Allnumberendi ngi
n5and0ar edivi
sibl
eby5.
15.
Everyst udentofGSCar eequippedwithgadget s.
16.
Somef acult
ymember sarereadytoholdonlineclasses.
Fornumbers17-
20det
ermi
newhet
hereachst
atementi
str
ueorf
alse.
17.5<8or5=8
18.7≠10and7isapri
menumber.
19.13≤15
20.-45<-
53

Lesson2 Tr
uthTabl
es,
Equi
val
entSt
atement
s,and
Learni
ngOut comes:
Attheendoft hislesson,y
oumusthav e:
1.const r
uctedTr uthTabl
es
2.v er
if
iedthatthet wostatementsareequi
val
ent
3.definedtautology
4.v er
if
iedtautology,cont
ingencyandself
-cont
radi
cti
ons

CATCH I
T

(
ACTI VATE)
A.Const ruct i
ngt ruthvalues
1.Const r
uctat ablefor~(~pᴠq)ᴠq.
2.Uset hetr uthtablef rom part1t odeterminet hetrut
hv ueof~(~pᴠq)ᴠ
al
q,giv ent hatpi st ueandqi
r sf se.
al
B.Usi ngt heAl ter nati
vePr ocedur
etoConst ructTruthTables
1.Const r
uctat ruthtabl eforpᴠ[~( pɅ~q) ]
.
C.Ver if
yingt hatt wost atement sareequivalent
1.Showt hatpᴠ( pɅ~q)andpar eequi val
ent .
D.UseoneofDeMor gan’ slawstor estat
et hefol l
owingsentencei
nan
equivalentf or m.
1.Idi dnotpasst hetestandIdi dnotcompl etethecourse.
E.Useat r uthtabl et odet erminewhet herthegiv enstat
ementi sataut
ology
.
1.pᴠ ~p
F.Useat r uthtabl et odet erminewhet herthegiv enstat
ementi saself
-

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cont
radi
cti
on.
1.~rɅr

CONCEPTUALI
ZE
(ANALYZE)

 Tr
uthTable
Atableshowi
ngwhattheresul
ti
ngtr
uthv
alueofacomplexst
atementi
s
f
oral
lthepossi
blet
rut
hvaluesfort
hesi
mplestat
ements.
St
andar
dTruthTabl
eFormforagi
venst
atementt
hati
nvol
vesonl
ythet
wo
si
mplest
atementspandq.

P q Gi
venst
atement
T T
T F
F T
F F
Exampl
e1:
a.Const
ructat
abl
efor~(~pᴠq)ᴠq.
St
artwi
tht
hest
andar
dtr
utht
abl
efor
m andt
heni
ncl
udea~pcol
umn.
P q ~p
T T F
T F F
F T T
F T T
Now, uset
hetr
uthtabl
esfr
om ~pandqcol
umnstopr
oducet
hetruth
v
aluesfor~pᴠq,
intheasshowni
ntheri
ght
mostcol
umnofthef
oll
owing
t
able.
p q ~p ~pᴠq
T T F T
T F F F
F T T T
F F T T

Negat
ethet
rut
hval
uesi
nthe~pᴠqt
opr
oducet
hef
oll
owi
ng:
p q ~p ~pᴠq ~(
~pᴠq)
T T F T F
T F F F T

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F T T T F
F F T T F

Thel
astst
epwoul
dbef
ormi
ngt
hedi
sjunct
ionof
~( ~pᴠq)Vq
p q ~p ~pᴠq ~(
~pᴠq) ~(
~pᴠq)Vq
T T F T F T
T F F F T T
F T T T F T
F F T T F F

Standar
dTrut
hTabl
eFormf
oragi
venst
atementt
hati
nvol
vest
het
hreesi
mpl
e
st
atementspandqandr
.
P q r Gi
venSt
atement
T T T
T T F
T F T
T F F
F T T
F T F
F F T
F F F
Exampl
e:
(
p→q)v(
qΛ~r
)
p q r p→q ~r qΛ~r (
p→q)v(
qΛ~r
)
T T T T F F T
T T F T T T T
T F T F F F F
T F F F T F F
F T T T F F T
F T F T T T T
F F T T F F T
F F F T T F T

 EQUI
VALENTSTATEMENTS

Logical
lyEquiv
alent
.Twostat
ementaresai
dtobelogi
cal
l
yequi
val
ent(or
equival
entift
heyhavethesametr
uthval
ueforev
eryrowoft
hetr
uthvalue,
thatisp↔qi sataut
ology
.Symbol
ical
l
y,p≡q.

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p→qand~q→~p
p q p→q ~q ~p ~q→~p
T T T F F T
T F F T F F
F T T F T T
F F T T T T

Thetrut
hval
uesoft
hecompoundstatementsp→qand~q→~par
eequi
val
ent
,
ther
efor
e,wecanst
atet
hatt
heyar
el ogi
cal
lyequi
val
ent
.
 TAUTOLOGI
ES
Cl
assesofcompoundst
atement
s:
a.Tautol
ogy-acompoundstatementthati
str
ueforal
lpossi
ble
combinati
onsofthet
rut
hv aluesoft
hestat
ementvar
iabl
esareal
so
cal
ledlogi
cal
lyt
rue.
Exampl
e:((
~pΛq)
→q
p q ~p ~pΛq (
~pΛq)
→q
T T F F T
T F F F T
F T T T T
F F T F T

b.Contradicti
oni
sacompoundst at
ementt
hati
sfalsef
orallpossi
ble
combi nati
onsofthetr
uthval
uesoft
hest
atementvar
iabl
esalsocall
ed
l
ogicallyfal
seorabsur
dity
.
Excl
usi
ve-
or.Theexcl
usi
ve–orofthest
atementpandqi
sthecompound
stat
ement“pexcl
usiv
e–orq.”Insymbols,
p⊕q.
I
fpandqaretr
ueorbothf
alse,
thenp⊕qi
sfal
se,
ifpandqhav
eopposi
tet
rut
h
v
alues,t
henp⊕qistr
ue.
(
~pvq)⊕(p→q)

p q ~p (
~pvq) p→q (
~pvq)
⊕ (
p→q)

T T F T T F
T F F F F F
F T T T T F
F F T T T F

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Thetruthval
uesoft
hecompoundst
atementar
efal
se,
thusi
tisa
cont
radict
ion.
c.Conti
ngencyisacompoundst atementthatcaneit
herbetr
ueorf
alse,
dependingonthet
ruthofthestatementvari
ablesandar
eneit
her
taut
ologynoracontr
adict
ion.

Exampl
e:p→qΛp→q

p q p→q ~q p→~q p→qΛp→q

T T T F F F
T F F T T F
F T T F T T
F F T T T T

Thet
rut
hval
uesoft
hecompoundst
atementar
efal
se,
thusi
tisacont
radi
cti
on.

CARRYOUT
Exer
cises:Answert
hef
oll
owi
ngpr
obl
ems:
1.Const
ructt
het
rut
htabl
eoft
hef
oll
owi
ngcompoundst
atement
s:
a.~[
(pΛq)v~(
pvq)
]
b. ~pΛ(qv
~r)
2.Deter
minewhet
hert
hef
oll
owi
ngst
atement
sar
elogi
cal
l
yequi
val
entusi
ng
thetr
utht
abl
es.
a.~(
pvq)and~pΛ~q
b.(
pΛq)and~(
~pv
~q)
3.Const
ructt
hetrut
htabl
esf
ort
hef ol
l
owi nganddet
erminewhetherthe
compoundstat
ementisat
aut
ology,contr
adi
cti
onorconti
ngency.

CHECKPOI
NT

A.Const
ructt
het
rut
htabl
eoft
hegi
vencompoundst
atement
.
(
~pΛ~q)
→(rΛ~q)

p q r ~p ~q ~pΛ~ rΛ~ (
~pΛ~q)
→(rΛ~q)
q q
T T T
T T F

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ual
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T F T
T F F
F T T
F T F
F F T
F F F

B.Wri
tet
hetr
utht
ableforeachofthefol
l
owi ngstatement
sanddeterminewhet
her
t
hecompoundst
atementisatautol
ogy,contr
adicti
onorcont
ingency
.

1.~(
p⊕ q)
→~p
p q
T T
T F
F T
F F

2.(
pΛq)
Λ(~p→q)
p q
T T
T F
F T
F F

C.Const
ructthetr
uthtabl
esanddeterminewhetherthefoll
owi
ngcompound
st
atementsaretaut
ology,
cont
radict
ion,orconsi
stency.
1.(p→q)Λ(
q→p)

Cont
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ual
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zedLear
ningModul
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hemat
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Chapt
er7LOGI
C

2.(
pΛq)v(
p→q)

Lesson3 Condi
ti
onal
,Bi
condi
ti
onal
andRel
atedSt
atement
s

Att
heendoft
hel
esson,
thest
udent
smusthav
e:
1.Il
l
ustr
atedthedi
ff
erentf
ormsofconditi
onal
stat
ement
ssuchasdet
ermi
ningi
ts
conv
erse,i
nver
seandcontraposi
ti
ve.

CATCH I
T
Gi
vent
hecondi
ti
onal
stat
ement
,“I
fanumberi
sdi
vi
sibl
eby6,
theni
tisdi
vi
sibl
eby3.
”
1.Whati
stheconv
erseoft
hegi
venst
atement
?
2.Whati
sit
sinv
erse?
3.Cany
ougi
vet
hecont
raposi
ti
veoft
hest
atementabov
e?

CONCEPTUALI
ZE

Key
wor
ds:
condi
ti
onal
,conv
erse,
inv
erse,
cont
raposi
ti
ve

Theconditi
onal
p→qcanbeexpr
essedi
nthr
eev
ari
ati
onsusi
ngt
hel
ogi
cal
connect
ives~and→.

Name St
atement
Condi
ti
onal p→q
Conv
erseofp→q q→p

Cont
ext
ual
i
zedLear
ningModul
einMat
hemat
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Chapt
er7LOGI
C

I
nver
seofp→q ~p→~q
Cont
raposi
ti
veofp→q ~q→~p

Exampl
e:
Gi
venthecondi
ti
onal
:Ify
ouar
ear
esponsi
bleci
ti
zent
hispandemi
c,t
heny
ou
ar
estayi
ngathome.

Conver
se:I
fy ouar
est
ayi
ngathome,
theny
ouar
ear
esponsi
bleci
ti
zen
thi
spandemic.

Inv
erse:Ify
ouarenotar
esponsi
bleci
ti
zent
hispandemi
c,t
heny
ouar
e
notstayi
ngathome.

Contraposi
ti
ve:I
fyouarenotst
ayi
ngathome,
theny
ouar
enota
responsi
bleci
ti
zenthi
spandemic.

Tr
uthTabl
esf
orCondi
ti
onal
andRel
atedSt
atement
s

p q p→q q→p ~p ~q ~p→~q ~p→~q

T T T T F F T T
T F F T F T T F
F T T F T F F T
F F T T T T T T

Thecondi
ti
onal
andthecont
raposi
ti
vehav
ethesamet
rut
hval
uesandar
e
consi
der
edequi
val
ent.
Theconver
seandt
hei
nver
sehav
ethesamet
rut
hval
ues,
ther
efor
etheyar
e
equi
val
ent.

CARRYOUT

Gi
venthefol
l
owingcondi
ti
onal
stat
ement
s,det
ermi
net
heconv
erse,
inv
erseand
t
hecontr
aposit
ive.
1.I
f25i
sdi
vi
sibl
eby5,
then18i
sanev
ennumber
.

Cont
ext
ual
i
zedLear
ningModul
einMat
hemat
icsi
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Chapt
er7LOGI
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Conv
erse:
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___
___
___
___
___
I
nver
se: _
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
__
Cont
raposi
ti
ve:
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
__
2.I
fmangoesar
esweetanddel
i
cious,
thent
heyar
efr
om Gui
mar
as.
Conv
erse:
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
I
nver
se:
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
__
Cont
raposi
ti
ve:
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
__
3.I
fhei
sagi
ng60andabov
ethenhei
snotal
l
owedt
otr
avel
thi
spandemi
c.
Conv
erse:
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
I
nver
se:
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
_
Cont
raposi
ti
ve:
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
___
_

CHECKPOI
NT

Gi
venthecondi
ti
onal
stat
ement“I
fthenumberiseven,t
heni
tisdi
vi
sibl
eby2.
Det
erminet
heconver
se,i
nver
se,
andt hecont
raposi
ti
ve.

Rel
atedReadi
ngs:
htt
ps:/
/ st
udy.
com/
academy
/lesson/
trut
h-t
abl
e-def
ini
ti
on-
rul
es-
exampl
es.
html
09/08/2020

Ref
lect
ion
Whathav
eyoul
ear
nedi
nthi
stopi
c?

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