i Uni) -2 Sclekon of Secend Opdey Networks Th Creee) % Choradeyired by @ second orth dHffexotic) pucks, than 38 ealled as second! orcky Creuth e | ood omy (008s) ts : dy Tie ; erg v | i | a *h = | Roi yy dt = wv {2 | i E ott Jt 7 Fading Torte) & Fina) Velues 4 10), vCo), dil) dvtod Jt | i(@), vil) 3 Sorte Free Series RUC Civk+ = Povalle) RUC Coeent Step response of Sexes RIC GRY & Pbvalle) RUC Mreutt 7 Solutt+o of General Second Ovdev Gets | Torkel ond fine) Volues The Suttch hog been closed for a Song time and tb is opened at +7? Find 9 ifort), lor) 4 $ tot), S vor) 3H 0), (oo) t= of meens just immediately ofey siothching acten Falees ple?The curr Passing through Flu Induckw dorsnt chenge eqkancously ond Alu Copacitov voldage dors n+ chenge enstoacousl Y Wo") = (97) = 1Co) Fer Induckev v(0!) = Vlo-) = Vo) Fer Capacitor beo pause ere siclsed 3 Steady sade p St - Cc. 0c aA | 2 Non word = A aw Il, Me ure oP ww (ed | Vo") = 2(t0-) =) 2X79 GV a) Slot] to-)= 2A vor) = Gor) = av 430 Si open 5 Steady Shape =) LSC croc 3) iq) = 04 v(%@) = 124 tz 0% S: oper jf Transient stake aN Aina c00)__ Dn Samy 0758 [iene dil ye eot) \ a Vio 6 dt Cot) vito!) —@ dt uYO) 4G -1248 = 0 MY tor) = 0 | No fam @ silo 0 Dee one wslels Com®@ dv cot) 2 te ao ty 20, ot ar 7 Is Th suttch was opened fr a long time bot Closed at t=0, Find YD rCor), voor) 2) dil) gucot) 3M), veoo) Jt dt 420 S opened 5 steady skate) 1s 5¢ cr0e tas Ww) tor) = 24 oy aw(? 12 v(or) = 24-20 =) 4v i(0*) = (0°) = 20 v(ot) = Vo) = ov toe Sr closed j Steady State 2) Lise Crbe . b $e) = a 2120 7) btw V(w) = 24v4-0! gr elsed ; Tonsira) shale 1 vot) Teo) = 90 = | comm rang om a4 -v ie) ve? = dito) wot) abo Te Tot) 2 FeO) A Tan » 22 4 ge 3 50 4/5 at iefot) = 2-4 2 2 dv (ot) ot Gallet oy Reo) Co?) ve (Or) ditO) avetot) | svete!) de! at oy teem), velo”), MAC) ea te bite) eee = 0 er 3) e Valo) = Ge by kvL, 40-20 - Mele) = 6 Ve Co) 2-2oV ile!) C0") = i (or) = fe C0) = 60 Veo) ev Co = MO) =~PLA 4 [=f one fen = ABR-gr TRA . Ve (ot) = 9x27) 4Vv tae SS Use coe aA a [ ] I. » [tne By KVL, | vio zl le ; ue = ‘ 40-20 -;(w) 30M Sere) ay 5 rev a M00) = ayy _ By cor, ieee) = 1h Ve() = 2x2 yay Referince of fg © 2 ’ ave or) ie f0*) de 2 2V/g Die Cot) ve (ot) qd € > 0 2 oe 7 Os >» Ao Caleule. Ve lot Bg kcL od node @® For Ae taleldede - g- Velot) 4 Vxlot) we hove Ie cengidey bot h = 4 HOU € teve et tat ther 2Vp Co) + Valor) = 12 2 OMe) dvxCoi) 409 ot ou (CO J Ve (or) t dVa lot = -4 dvs lor) ot ae a | by kVvL ‘ ve Cor) 420 - Ve Cor) + Vx (01) = 4 dees Ove) | Ve (OH), dvx Co!) a dt dt ot Ve (0) Ovx (0) 4 es oe ae ee)Sb OD p- Wealo!) _, due) _ ae a BOO) 4 dt Velo) a ae 2 y dt 3 Is 5A “i * : [tic | wan Gen | Gieslore oy cot), Veoh) , Ve lor) an 0 by dulot) Ie Cot) dv C08) 0, 7s, 0 oe Je Te ov, 20V eel Ve tw), Ve leo ) -20, 20%, no) 3-60 o> lo) = ev felor) = ielo-)= eto) = -64 / UC!) = UeCor) = Vee) = ov 2 96 L98C C70c Vg (04) = ov ' By KCL, a i , “@ ve . Om Ge io) +64 LL a ew) = -28 by KVL, i: 40 -V%Cw)= 0 Veloo) = 4x8 ©) 90¥ 420 k Ve Cw) = 20VSome fee May obys Gal toy ie &76 Ne Sy 1 v : or i ay RV, “i Ve | WU tM 4 Ve 0 t tre a) ' . . ho = 3, aed AZ] tt 20 Ve ley = vy 0.0.65 esd 4 43 ot Je € ¢ oi Rg dt i 26 -(Q oy Rot 4 tis ee eee € : too a %,0 -f 4) (R\*-L i 20 (2) EC Alkeynotive Methed fel f= cet 0.0.6.5 ge 2 Ase Ager) 0:0+b.5 vi. ag7ert oH? st frm ® Asret + # ase® a 1. Ae” =0oy @ey de ee) SS 2 -R af/R#\ri > at 7 @ te a = 2 Neper Hepuca Ne/s ae Damping Fath (oe = Le Neural / eesenont frep veo ire 9 (chovachenistre eg 5) rad/, Se -k Hl X20 S, = -K— Fa? —C%* Th Keto roots real & egual X Sye- Gthtaly 7s youts vent £ different 6, < -w4 [eaP xX 2We roots Complexe € Gajug ate Ovee' damped) " S\= -k+ S-(Gplwt _ Under FGF Sie -«- SaRT demped gp v Ne ~K4 3 Fg? ee Wy < domped frepuineg t at t= (Atat )e* | Lie | Und deen ped Reece ¢ral pre Ge Gat oe (K-sWa)t i J Bs ~ jus Aien*t evs 5 pre dt ed Ik nt . ere Ai(los a 4 jin tel) 4 Ny (Ces tt -Jonwst) | ree [Card aa) Couey # J( 917 Mt) So one J ee“ [Gtr wet 4 1BpSmuet 62 A 4Br 1 Bye BI Ad => Te find kwo Constants we regure ‘dwo tordrel valves As per Assvmphen. toy = 1. 3 Atle AMS RIo= dilo) 2 ~ (Vet RIo) trani | for Me Grek Show 9 fig fing A, We, 51 $2 and F, FE ome me eat, | Js dtu nodural response Oder / Owe / Crkeolly demped oe) oe ae Biter a » dae), 1 1 = 710 wed} te Ysxaxip3 a K€ We [ Under domped ai We = $1) $2 = K+ Jey \ Wa FORE SPAT gay S822 -14 jagy For a Sourte fre Senes PLC Gk, ta clemends ort RELA tee FE. Gleulode th chovackewste soo}s of He Cried Wned ype of Neha sespontt ctl He Get hove R 4b a= Ry > Ly 2b re Is | —— 2? ircd te hay ls <> te) ft One domped 7 $= «4+ Teo $2 -K~ JaraFro NE) an the Git. Assume thot the Gleb hag reached Steady stede ot t= 07 t<0 List gitlsed © t0¢ toys 216 GHC vo) = Gilv) =) 6V T= 1 an L 05H P @ 5 ee 2 ey ani Ke oi * peng 2 le iz, tl 5 ioe o > =) loved fg Wire. C5K 0.02 if KE0)0 (Under damped 7 tlt) = e%* (8, Cos Wat + 6, Sin ot a Wy = [tor-X* = [Gt = G.asee ed / at He) = @ HPF (BGs 4.9588 + 4 8 Sin 9580 ) —@ 5 Use Inika) God, v ob 4-0 =) ito) = 10 fm ® 0) = e® CB tr) + B 0) ) B= ier 2) Bye tm| Gn WM Fom® stl) . eo (8,519 4.3590 (4.9589) + BGs 36, - Cn) b eaye (abs 4.35866 4B, Sng, 25044), ol we ale) 4.3588 G, - 9 Gy a 4,352 8-4 —© {aes} 9A by KVL, 4ilo) 40,5 Atle) Sob &¢ ® in © =6 =. 4.35306) = @ = 0.622 —-@® | S6 Of O mwO He) = OMCs 4.25984 40.688 Ba 63sete) 4 Pea it me Tee Grek in fig veachid ot Steady skate Ht 07 FL tte make before brok swotich moves posttten b od +20 Colewlate lt) ftv £70 420 h Sets 1/0) C-oc 7 = =) WA eeSusitch et b ae B 2. 5 » 9.5 Nels aU xe Giese ee 5) ey ez ad Te aay Is x + vu): ee Re et Medco sete) 2p 1a wy vt) eo —@ we Re Ge te (e+ toy L a) = 5 ono gon te or tov) Cs + 4. fed ) Y= 0 [chooclerishe aa) G5 <. “C4 Jee at y 7 We = = Ondemped Native! BR vee feguo’) Nepey Frequency [Ovepiny Fockor (rls) (1044s) a thea ==> damping Retro SD damping K aitoey ~5 met Las Griteatly clamped | Over Oomped Under Damped + wae Le GR? RO te | Oe eae aL | A R< Ge ge Te 98, = 4 [RTE | 5,5, > -K 45 Se t= Gere] | Mel @ etched gg es Gus : Sit $2t are bo MOE ALE HET | Cmpler 8 Grjvgate ae | SiS, = -% . we | va) = e** (8,005 A + Or Sat ) Real & eve) kt Met) = (A140, ) 0% Tofind two Gnshs exe require two Re vio) & dV) totkel velucs. dt we assumed that vio) = Vo AY +20 By KVL at My Tot cd¥e oy a? ° ot Wve. ew co (442) dV, Be 1S & voy ) dt E( 443 HA vette et ~ Qo 2. (vei mR) ot Refe » VA) fer t>0 1 Find Assuming thel vo) = sv HOPS 0A; “LztH, C= lomp. Gasider the Cases FNODBA, R25A E Rabe, fesett R= 1.923 A i : 2k 1 2g 26 Nerd. 2% 1.923 xiDxID is te = tL we 2) Wred Toomo-3 een ee love Dompe d 7] "= Aredt 4p, pat 2 S20 Ge Seoera © ~ 26 + Jog7=DF =) -264 04 $82 = -264+24, -o6-04 3 2 ie not : WE) = Me™ 4 gga soe G) Are Ay Use Intel Gad — vlo) = sv : Meloy cous) be scene obherewst2e gud -Ve Sy 340) Wet Jo ) ot ze - B40 sg =) 200 ve 1.923 x1px10" Frome ® toys Aye? + Ope? Mit02=5 -&Or @O cry, te 4? rw = -sul “8 = ar taye2* 4 A, (50) C™ vi) Ve 2. 9, - 504, at at -2A,- 500, = -260 4,4+954,-130 -® solving © e@® 194A, = S Ait say -24A, Ag = 5.28 fam ® Are 5-42 5-5.208 =) — 2.209 new from © -sot vit) = -a.209e77* + 5.208 € ® ® Geua Pq Ga \ 4 i 6) 22C 2x8% 1D x10°3 ee ao 5 ! *) wrod ane sie 2 Txibxio Is death —(Grbrcaty Comeed 2 Kt vit) = (Art Art) & Oe © H, Ge) = (Pak hat) € = voy Col 1 & Ar ; Use Forttal Gnd vo) = SY oo eee), . be Se aac = 2) -10 V/s Sx dx 10>from €2@ —v(e) = D1 EPA AC? (0) 2 v0) =S Mi- 5 Ok cg © ordre “t? wt ee WO. Gitaet) Coe) + ase at at t=o0 10 RY ae er at Wo = -10fS) + Ar 42 = -00459 2-50 Noe, Sub 81 & Br in 02 © WE) = (s-50t) e-1t oere TY am 65 a 1 1 sie » 38 PRO 2 IX 6.25 00 x 1S ? 2 1 10d Te is <2 We (Under Oomped 7) Ys Xt 8 te Wat + BL Sin wae J Ma TURE. Te Long vere ae Cia &Sinct} ~ © > e J col 6, & 6B, Hy ’ Use Fortial Gnd vig) ey Wve. (ved eR) at Re “fer 5 ce 75.x10x10 Fan e9 @ VO) = @°( B Gs(e) + B, into) ) 6 =5Off 2 © orto “t" ot) 2 et (-casinck 4 6@2 Cost y 4 (eet) (6, os tt + B2sinet ’) oe) 2 68, -¢ Bi =e = 6 >:-,2(3) -90440- 6B. + B= -6.664 Sub @ 6 6, in © va) = @%* (5 c56t - 6.667 Sin6t ) sok D Re LaZA — veE) = - opopen*t 5.2080 ° Re 5A tye tecoiedt 3 R= 605A vit) = oP Ce Gset 6.667 Sinlt J ve), \ ee ener WS eateay Sogn ee Runde demnpe a ° | TTT] dompng. Bar is vrity for he as ” R Gre thon Find He valve of 2Assume) vO0) 2 OV and Th)=5y, 2 wig cans find vit) for 70 Lis i at =) Ww P/g Sec * onan Ise? pee 2 tp Ne Sohrsx0 3 d= Oh Coatreaity domped J vit) = (Ard Are) en“t ste z VO) = Cara Bat) emt — © Cal of Ar € Az Use Intel Gnd vCo) = ov ute) - WAR gy Sovis-Fx 9 oe ggg pg cetera Le Vis 2 ISx167? Fan e@ & voy) = CAr4 Baty) @° M08) yi Aro OF ec © Ordo “4? avr) _ = ot = Carat y Cpe) 4 ertot (ora, ) Ovo) _ : ae ~ "WA, + 4Hq “2 = -10 AL + Ae Ag te t> MO Guy Aue: (05° 0} VUE) = (+24) @> 10$1, 4, = fey 470 we) | ' Be Vee) 1-050 le =) Wo) = gox SO. Bo fc) 2S.) FRIUE Wo) 2 95 5002 2 ees 9P(s ‘ 2x5 0X20%10 : 9 353.55 wd], 1 ite SeGx ox? C Over doomped J 1 2h ‘ <7 We vi) = arrest + a, eS S, 8 = -Kd Tee at - 5064 J 5o07~ 353.55 3 -500 + 353.55 J 146.45, - 852.55 -5004 353.55, -S00~353.55 4 © 5 - 5S va) = pie W645 © 4 Ane 253.55 ¢ Col By & Da Jothal cad v(o) = asv wu) Ve + IR oe Cee def ae) y - CS - 05(50)) aes Spx 20K In &Fe OD vigy s Ave? + Are” Avs ares =O Orr ca wrto “4? t ' at = 16.45) AMEE (963.55) 9, (7 P52 55t dvto) tT NMG US Ay - 853.55 A, O= -146.45 Ai - 863.55 A, —@ solving © § @® A, +4, > 25 G6.45 1 - 853.55, Ar = 30.19 A2r> -5.144 Now fom@® VEY = gore e MEME 5 155 9785355 | | | ee ¢ home 1 | for t70 io) = 150 we vl) = ov 9x 90K4x 107 2 6.98 els f a 2 Sf Fivxeniy? aes Covey domprd Jvie = me S* 4 pre FE B, 8. = -k 4 Tarot - 6954 [6252-5 +) -6.7951 345 $1, 9 = ~GIS4295, -6.25- 3,95 2 12,5) -10 Wi) = (pies + o eat o col Bl & As Use Inthal Cond vee) = ov dye) _ - (Vet Wek C4 V.6'000) x 7 ee ee) - & SO) 9) _og6 20% 4x10F fam © v(o) = Bice t+ Are° Ait A2,=0 -@ off 2 O wrt “’ avlt) = -lot ; ous 67.5) eS + C10) ae! eat) = -2.5 8) -16 As “315 = -256,-4. —@ Solving eb @ &£ © 2. 6,750 Now fom © uty = 50979 + sven Step Response of Senes RUC Greeti (20 i | ‘© oF “y " 3 | Hd a ¢Obj = Oct. ef Wolbage acs capacitey Oct ef Curent Fhvough tee Inductor at Copattey | ots ce dt Vee t@ ver ust er BO e o4aM Am eof r oo ve yw) a) vss _ ieee’ vrVe tv Gy kvL, ie AVp dV FV F Ve Wars aus v% ot Rov yr d (cov =u 5 ( dt) es cd 4 ac SY tue ae dt Ov 4 Re ww - Lvs ve ke tc dk a te ev pe wy tue He —O tt uot Le - le sv4+ &eyy tvs ue . pee ks 41 20 chiroctershe equeten i, Si, Se DP roods G&G, ~) Cal & Eqval Gtkeaty domped Ve le) = (Ard Dat) en Xt56 5, =) fool & drstinel Over domped Weiss = Byes a,0° at 6) 6S 9 Gopher Cryugete Under Demerad wl) = et! (BC wet + BSmbst J Cal of Ves £200 tase C7 oc A en 1 4 2M; “& vg ER a] Teka) Res pose ‘v' xt a(e0.) vet) = Us + (Art Arte 2 t vay = Ve + Breet & Are Cond vu) = Vs + ett (8, Coe Wet 4 Bp Sin Wat a Coad Cal of two Gosts regulre ver) & at t=0 a Sie te) = ¢ VO de at ~~ vs a WO gvey 340) = de tse —— AYHees nt ofotn | vseunses or 470 obey “> of f The Crle}, 14 should eOtet & Sertes eee = a " el ' fod vay —@ THD ty 470 Gasidry tae corte 0) Re SA RGA OR=4A t We Covey demped j Tel Response VOL) = Wet Mee yg, esrk $1) $22 -k4 Samoa -254 W762 =) +1, ~4- nat Now, vit) = 2% + Are tote dave -® CG) of OF Ar > the = 44 Vw) = We to) 4 dave) . He) 4 ¥ ot wa Soe abs ~@ oe ee © ord act! av 2g - Arete gare “E - ot at t20 av). 54,4442 - © ot at +20 from ca O yoo) = 244+ Prt A2 Gi = 2at¢ArtAe (fre 0g @) ) Ait Ar 2-20 —© frm @ § O eee ae swing © & © Aye 72n33 Arz=1.32 sub 4) € 42 10 A © vit) 24 -2n33e7* + 133 At | v tu) 2 ¢ at 0.25 [04 anaze7 te 5.3207% J | Wor Bane 1a3e!'|-A 1>0 Ae tt Bere etl oaseay syk= OC Catreally doped J ot -O Teh) Response, vit) = Ve FAS MEVE p2t Now, vit) = 2G 4 (OAL E Je Col of Ar & Oy Yio) = &ov ~@ te) = 4.80 Gk Se CO ae OP ee I Ee t c aes 7 Q OF of 2 O wrto “+ way = 04 (Ar+Art) (-2¢7F) 4 @n2t (040) MY Lge Cay Are) 4 ec (a2) ot ab t= ov(v) ht 2A, + Bz 49.2 = -2AtA, -® a t20 tem eo © vo) = 2G 4+ Ay G@ = 244A, Ar > -14.2 -© Sb «© in 2 @ 12.9 = -2C49. 0) 4+ 0 Br, -19.9 Sob Are ay i 4 0 MENS oq 4 (onld aoeyett y vu y itt) = ¢ dv(t) 9.25 [oico-iaryer , (-w.a-va2e) (26%) 0.95 [ “19.0 get, B84e- Fy ap ate ™ J 0.95 ( sae" + aB.4tertt ) 49 OE ck Gtk ent*. 2pRs fom ak ok \ \ we te 2a, 2 2d x te | Treb15 Is ad VElt) + ve lt) [yw Col of Ar & An 44 a Oe] -@ We knw thet, Vly ery —-@ dv(e) a 2s ~ © oF t20 vi) = GOA A, Fan > 6 224 a4 0, CHrom® 9 Ato = 8 -@OF eg © werd ‘t? Ove) ee oe nea Oe at ad +=o vO) 961-3 D2 (Prom @® ) dt -12 2 -201-3A2 20:4382= 12 —~@ selvieg &@ © FO Aveo Ar,=-4 Sub O €6r.10 AO pay = Gtize tt get] y $70 an =? nw & ker, Pe tet ve v 1 ov 2 +2 Ot A( Gb ire ger Je E(- meen? ine ) te at ce tine _iwe ta cet ra eee [be 2 - ces gen] 4aero WwW vw) i. ie 3M Fnd WA) te t70 Shep: Go of ved, VO yom Ve = V(ii-ia) Jt’ eo, ule : iy To) = 0A mw ) info) = 0A tL —___ vl) = ov by KUL, BinCoh) +t 2 + Ve ov + dicot) at = Als lor) = iq (00) © tn Ske! | Gnsder t70, Celwe ff eo 4 dh Jay eS +t Vh toh 2d wo Gee t arg t =o a i 13 10 “geet eo Ot Ss? 4+ 13S 43020 Si) $) 2-3, 7-10 lok het) = Bev 4 Mae -@ Shep 3 ies lt) = feo) istt)> Z -GE iss ( 7 © Srp Tete! Response, 7, Ce) = itl) + iiss (+) nay > (Ls ae tt+ me) 4 -© Cl of Ar & Aa Ue knows that, lo) = 08 “Fam © C0) = dr Aid Ar os Zrii -@ Aiea Ore © wrt “t) uk) ee hea dt ab to din(o) -34,-104A, ot 1h = -901-10Ar —-@ Giving ce © 6 @ Are -134, Age-tSub 016 4 in ‘ « Linge 6 Voy) 3 13 Fram tin Gleb, Vee hnmiy 2 2(er why y w a i ee Obtain volt) fv tr -t At voter ele’ ov