Roll No. ……………… Name…………………....

Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala

Department of Mathematics
End Semester Examination: 13 th May 2024

Course Name: Probability and Statistics B.E./B.Sc.: 4th Semester

Course Code: UCS410 Total Marks: 40
Course Instructor: Dr. Sukhdev Singh Duration: 3 hours

Note: Attempt any eight questions, each question carries 5 marks. Students are allowed to use a calculator.
1. At the bus stand of Patiala city, the phenomenon of how long it takes for two buses to arrive one after
another at a point follows a joint probability density function, given by
𝛼 −1 (𝑥+𝛼𝛽𝑦)
𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦 | 𝛼, 𝛽) = 𝑒 𝛽 ,𝑥 > 0, 𝑦 > 0, 𝛼 > 0, 𝛽 > 0
𝛽
i. Find the marginal distributions of 𝑋 and 𝑌 , and identify which distributions they follow.
ii. Check whether 𝑋 and 𝑌 are independent, and evaluate 𝐶𝑜𝑣(2𝑋, 3𝑌). [CLO3, L3]

2. The following are the marks obtained by 9 students in the mid-semester term (MST) and end-semester
examination (ESE) of a Probability and Statistics course. Check if there is any correlation between the
MST and ESE marks. If there is, find the regression line using the least squares method that enables us
to predict ESE marks based on MST marks.
MST 9 11 14 17 19 21 25 27 28
ESE 10 14 16 17 23 26 31 34 36 [CLO3, L4]
3. A random variable, 𝑋, follows two-parameter Gamma distribution with parameter 𝛼 and 𝛽, with the
𝛼
1 1
moment generating function given by 𝑀𝑋 (𝑡) = (1−𝛽𝑡 ) where 𝑡 < 𝛽 . Derive the moment generating
function of 𝑌 = ∑𝑛𝑖=1 𝑋𝑖 , the sum of 𝑛 independent and identically distributed gamma random
variables. Further, identify which distribution the random variable 𝑌 follows. [CLO3, L3]

4. Consider a random sample 𝑋 = (𝑋1 ,𝑋2 , … . , 𝑋𝑛 ) taken from a population with mean 𝜇 and variance
𝜎 2. Show that the sample mean and sample variance turn out unbiased estimator of 𝜇 and 𝜎 2.
[CLO4, L2]

5. Suppose a random sample 𝑋 = (𝑋1 ,𝑋2 , … . , 𝑋𝑛 ) is taken from a population following Binomial,
𝐵𝑖𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑎𝑙(𝑘,𝑝), distribution where 0 ≤ 𝑝 ≤ 1 and 𝑥 𝑖 = 0, 1,… . , 𝑘. Find the estimator of 𝑘 and 𝑝
using method of moments. [CLO4, L3]

6. Consider a random sample of size 𝑛 observed from a population with a probability density function
given by 𝑓(𝑥 | 𝛽) = 𝛽 𝑥 𝛽−1 , where 0 < 𝑥 < 1 and 𝛽 > 0. Find the estimator of 𝛽 using maximum
likelihood estimation. [CLO4, L3]
7.
i. The management of a manufacturing firm wishes to determine the average time required to
complete a certain manual operation. They aim for a 95% confidence level that the error in the
estimate will not exceed two minutes. If the standard deviation of the time needed to complete
the manual operation is estimated by a time and motion study expert as 10 minutes, what sample
size is required?
Continued on the next page…..
 ii. It is believed that the precision (as measured by the variance) of an instrument is no more than
0.16. Test at 0.01 level of significance for testing this belief given the 11 measurements of the
same subject on the instrument:
2.5 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.5 2.7 2.5 2.6 2.6 2.7 2.5
[CLO4, L4]
8. To assess the influence of weather conditions on the mean and the standard deviation values of a
harvested crop, a study comparing crop storage methods under different weather conditions was
conducted in the Punjab region. The following data were collected on the values of the harvested crop
when stored outside and inside a godown
𝑛

Storage method Sample size (𝑛) Mean ∑(𝑥 𝑖 − 𝑥̅ )2

𝑖=1
Outside 40 117 8685
Inside 100 132 27,315
Assuming that the two samples are random and drawn from normal populations with equal
variances, test at a 5% significance level whether
i. the mean value of the harvested crop is affected by weather conditions.
ii. weather conditions significantly affect the standard deviation values of harvested crops.
(one tabulated value is 1.598) [CLO4, L4]

9. A course on Probability and Statistics has recently been added to the B.E. curriculum at the Thapar
Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala. To evaluate its effectiveness, students take a test on
formulating a proposal for taking intern targeting to Data Science and relevant companies both before
and after completing the course. Below are the marks for a random sample of ten students:
Before the test 145 173 158 141 167 159 154 167 145 153
After the test 155 167 156 149 168 162 158 169 157 161
Assume that the differences between the pre-course and post-course test scores are normally
distributed, and a high score on the test indicates a strong level of assertiveness. Do the collected
data, at 5% level of significance, provide enough evidence to conclude that students can write more
effective proposal after completing the course? [CLO4, L4]

Normal distribution table

α- level of 1% 5% 10%
significance Two-tailed Right-tailed Two-tailed Right-tailed Two-tailed Right-tailed
test test test test test test
|𝑍𝛼 = 2.58 𝑍𝛼 = 2.33 |𝑍𝛼 | = 1.96 𝑍𝛼 = 1.64 |𝑍𝛼 | = 1.64 𝑍𝛼 = 1.28
Bloom's Level wise Marks Distribution CLO's wise Marks Distribution

35
5, 11% 30
30
25
20, 44%
20
20, 45% 15
15

10
5
0
L1 L2 L3 L4 L5 L6
CLO1 CLO2 CLO3 CLO4