NCERT SOLUTIONS RD SHARMA CLASS 12 CLASS 11 CLASS 10 CLASS 9

CBSE SAMPLE PAPERS TEXTBOOK SOLUTIONS

Learn CBSE
Class 12 Physical Education Notes Chapter 7
Test and Measurement in Sports
January 18, 2024 by Kalyan

CBSE Class 12 Physical Education Notes Chapter 7 Test and Measurement in Sports is part of Physical
Education Class 12 Notes for Quick Revision. Here we have given NCERT Physical Education Class 12
Notes Chapter 7 Test and Measurement in Sports.

Physical Education Class 12 Notes Chapter 7 Test and

Measurement in Sports
Computation of Fat Percentage
The fat percentage or the amount of fat a person carries and whether he/she is normal, underweight or
overweight can be calculated through computation of fat percentage. This can be done by BMI Body Mass
Index (BMI) is a measure of body fat calculated on the basis of height and weight. To calculate BMI, take the
weight in kilograms and divide it by square of height taken in metres.
BodyweightinK g
BM I = 2
(H eightinmeters)

With the help of BMI, it is determind whether a person in normal, underweight overweight.
BMI Weight Status
Below 18.5 Underweight
18.5-24.9 Normal
25.0-29.9 Overweight
30.0 and above Obese

Slaughter-Lohman Children Skinfold

This is a standard skinfold test for measuring body fat in children under the age group of 6-17 years. The
digital skinfold caliper is used to measure the triceps and calf region and then the measurement is inserted
intoNCERT SOLUTIONS
a formula. RD SHARMA CLASS 12 CLASS 11 CLASS 10 CLASS 9

Slaughter-Lohman Children Skinfold

CBSE SAMPLE PAPERS Formula
TEXTBOOK SOLUTIONS
For Triceps, measure vertically on back of arm midway between top of shoulder point and elbow.
For Calf, measure the inside of the right lower leg at the place where there is greatest calf girth.
Formula for males (6 to 17 years):
% body fat = (0.735 x sum of skinfold + 1.0)
Formula for females (6 to 17 years):
% body fat = (0.610 x sum of skinfold + 5.1)
Sum of skinfolds = Triceps + Calf

Measurement of Muscular Strength

Muscular strength refers to the amount of force the muscle or group of muscles can exert against
resistance for short duration like in anaerobic activities. Muscular strength can be measured by Kraus
Weber Test.

Kraus Weber Test

Kraus Weber Test originated in a posture clinic and was developed as a diagnosis and treatment of low
back pain. Soon, it became familiar as Kraus Weber test of minimum muscular fitness. The test consists of
six items which indicate the level of muscular strength and flexibility of key muscle groups.
Note The tests are done without the subject wearing shoes. The six test items of the Kraus Weber muscular
strength test are given below

1. Abdominals Plus Psoas (hip flexing) Muscles

2. Abdominals Minus Psoas
3. Psoas or P
4. Upper Back or UB
5. Lower Back or LB
6. Back and Hamstring or BH

Motor Fitness Test-AAHPER

The AAHPER (American Alliance for Health, Physical Education and Recreation) youth fitness test was
formed in 1965 in the United States, but this was revised in 1976. Now dance (AAHPERD) is also added.
This test was administered on school students of 17 years age. The students are advised to warm up
before they participate in the test. All the students must be medically fit.
This test has the following six items
1. (a)Pull-Ups (For Boys)
NCERT SOLUTIONS RD SHARMA CLASS 12 CLASS 11 CLASS 10 CLASS 9
Purpose To measure arm and shoulder strength.

SAMPLE The
Procedure
CBSE bar is adjusted
PAPERS according
TEXTBOOK to the height of the boy. The bar is held with palms facing
SOLUTIONS
away. He is then asked to raise his body so that the chin reaches the level of the bar. One score is
awarded for each pull-up. One trial is given before the start of the test.

(b) Flexed Arm Flang (For Girls)

Purpose To measure arm and shoulder strength.

Procedure The bar is adjusted according to the standing height of the girl. The bar is held with over
hand grasp. The girl lifts her body up with the assistance of testing personnel so that her chin reaches
the bar level. The time in seconds she holds the bar is taken as her score.

2. Flexed Leg Sit-ups

Purpose To measure abdominal strength and endurance.

Procedure The youth is asked to lie on the floor on his/ her back keeping knees bent. The angle of
knees should be around 90°. The feet are held by a partner,’ the youth’ puts hands behind the head
with fingers interlocked. Then the youth curls up and touches the elbows to knees. The score is
counted as maximum number of sit-ups in 60 sec.

3. Shuttle Run

Purpose‘To.measure speed and agility.

Procedure Two parallel lines are marked 30 feet apart and two wooden-blocks 2 x 2 x 4 inches are
kept on one side of a marked line. The youth stands behind the line opposite to the line where wooden
blocks are placed. At the start signal, the youth runs towards the wooden blocks and picks up one of
them, carrying it back to the line from where the test started. Then places it behind the line, runs back,
picks up the second block and carries back-to the starting line. Two trials are allowed and best score
of the two is noted down.

4. Standing Long Jump

Purpose To measure power.

Procedure The youth is asked to stand behind the restraining line with feet apart and he/she bends
the knees and swings arms before jumping. The youth lands on both feet together. The distance from
take off line to the heel is measured in inches. The best of three trials is recorded as the final score.
5. 50 Yard Dash
NCERT SOLUTIONS RD SHARMA CLASS 12 CLASS 11 CLASS 10 CLASS 9
Purpose To measure speed.

SAMPLE The
Procedure
CBSE youth is asked
PAPERS to runSOLUTIONS
TEXTBOOK 50 yards from the starting line and the time is recorded nearest
to one-tenths of a second.

6. 600 Yard Run-Walk

Purpose To measure endurance.

Procedure The youth is asked to run and/or walk for 600 yards and the time is recorded in minutes
and seconds. This can be run in an open field or the inside track of an athletic field, by marking the
distances appropriately.

General Motor Fitness

General motor fitness is an athlete’s general ability to perform different motor skills without getting too
much fatigued. General motor ability consists of three items designed to test the motor ability of school and
college boys and girls.

Test 1 Standing Broad Jump .

This test measures the explosive leg power. In this test, the student stands behind the restraining line, with
feet several inches apart and the toes pointed straight ahead. The student should swing the arms forward,
extend the knee’s and jump forward as far as possible.

Test 2 Zig – Zag Run

The materials, required are a stop-watch, five traffic cones, floor measuring tape and floor area of 30 feet by
50 feet. Cones are placed on the floor in a zig – zag manner. The objective is to measure the agility. The
examine or the student stands at the starting point. On the signal ‘go’, he/she runs the course without
touching the cones. The student continues to run the course three times and each time, the time is
recorded with the help of a stopwatch. The score is the time recorded to the nearest tenth of a second. If
the cones are moved during the run, then the trial is retaken.

Test 3 Medicine Ball Put

The material required is medicine ball. The objective is to measure arm and shoulders girdle explosive
strength. The student is required to put a 6 pound medicine ball as far as possible. Three trials are taken
and the best score of the three is recorded. For boys the explosive strength throw test is for 3 kg medicine
ball and for girls it is 1 kg.
Measurement of Cardiovascular Fitness
NCERT SOLUTIONS
Cardiovascular fitness is theRD SHARMA
ability CLASS
of the heart 12 to supply
and lungs CLASS oxygen,
11 CLASS 10 to the
rich blood CLASS 9
working
muscle tissues and the ability of the muscles to use oxygen to produce energy for movements. This type of
fitness
CBSEisSAMPLE
requiredPAPERS
to sustain physical activity
TEXTBOOK and is essential for performing aerobic activities.
SOLUTIONS

1. Harvard Step Test

This test is also known as Aerobic Fitness test. It was developed by Brouha and others in 1943. It is used to
measure the cardiovascular fitness or aerobic fitness by checking the recovery rate.
Equipment Required Bench 20 inches high, for men and 16 inches for women, stopwatch and metronome.

2. Rockport Test
This test also known as Rockport One Mile Test or Rockport Fitness Walking Test is used for testing
cardiovascular fitness. It requires minimal equipment. This test consists of walking, which may be easy for
middle-aged and older adults. This test tells us about the aerobic fitness of an individual.
Equipment Required 400m track, stopwatch and weighing scale.

Computation of Fitness Index

Fitness index is computed using the following formula

Rikli and Jones- Senior Citizen Fitness Test

Rikli and Jones prepared various physical fitness tests for senior citizens in 2001. Senior citizens can’t do
exhaustive workouts however fitness is very important even in old age.

These tests are designed to access the functional fitness of older adults with the help of simple activities
like getting up from a chair, walking, bending and stretching. These tests are safe, enjoyable and meet
scientific standards of reliability and validity. That is why easy tests prepared for different body parts are
given.
These are

1. Chair Stand Test for Lower Body Strength

The Chair Stand Test is similar to a squat test to measure leg strength. This test is part of the senior fitness
test protocol and is designed to test the functional fitness of seniors.
 Purpose This test assesses leg strength and endurance of senior citizens.
NCERT SOLUTIONS
Equipment Required ARD SHARMA
straight or foldingCLASS
chair 12 CLASS
without arm 11 (seatCLASS
rests 10 44 cm
17 inches/ CLASS 9 and
high)
stopwatch.
CBSE SAMPLE PAPERS TEXTBOOK SOLUTIONS
2. Arm Curl Test for Upper Body Strength
The Arm Curl Test is a test to measure the upper body strength of senior citizens or old people.

Purpose This test measures upper body strength and endurance.

Equipment Required 5 pound weight for women, 8 pound weight for men, a chair without arm rests,
stopwatch.

3. Chair Sit and Reach Test for Lower Body Flexibility

The Chair Sit and Reach Test is part of-the senior fitness test protocol, and is designed to test the functional
fitness of seniors. It is a variation of the traditional sit and reach . flexibility test.

Purpose This test measures lower body. – flexibility.

Equipment Required Ruler, a chair with straight back or folding chair (17 inch/44 cm high).

4. Back Scratch Test for Upper Body Flexibility

The shoulder stretch is a simple flexibility test to determine if the hands can be brought together behind the
back particularly the shoulders. This test is part of the fitness programme as an alternative to the back
saver sit and reach test.

Purpose This test measures upper arm and shoulder girdle flexibility.
Equipment Required None.

5. Eight Foot Up and Go Test for Agility

The Eight Foot Up arid Go Test is a coordination and agility test’for the elderly-which is pair of the senior
fitness test protocol.

Purpose This test measures speed, agility and balance while moving.
Equipment Required Stopwatch, straight back or folding chair ( seat 17 inches/44 height) cone
rriarker, measuring tape, area clear of obstacles.

6. Six Minute Walk test for Aerobic Endurance

The Six Minute Walk Test is a part, of the senior fitness test protocol arid is designed to test the functional
fitness of seniors. It is an adaptation of the Cooper 12 – minutes run for people who use orthopaedic
devices When walking as well as people who have difficulty in balancing.