SECTION A

1. A thin plastic rod is bent into a circular ring of radius R. It is uniformly

charged with charge density . The magnitude of the electric field at its
centre is :
(A) (B) Zero (C) (D)
2 0R 4 R 4 0R
0
2. Three small charged spheres X, Y and Z carrying charges + q, q and + q
respectively are placed equidistant from each other, as shown in the
figure. The spheres Y and Z are held in place. Initially X is also held in
place, but is otherwise free to move. When X is released, the path
followed by it will be :

(A) A (B) B (C) C (D) D

3. In a uniform straight wire, conduction electrons move along + x direction.
Let E and j be the electric field and current density in the wire,
respectively. Then :
(A) E and j both are along + x direction.

(B) E and j both are along x direction.

(C) E is along + x direction, but j is along x direction.

(D) E is along x direction, but j is along + x direction.

4. Two charged particles, P and Q, each having charge q but of masses m1
and m2, are accelerated through the same potential difference V. They

enter a region of magnetic field B ( v ) and describe the circular paths

m1
of radii a and b respectively. Then is equal to :
m2
2 2
a b a b
(A) (B) (C) (D)
b a b a
11-55/1/3 5 P.T.O.
5. A galvanometer of resistance G is converted into an ammeter of range
0 to I A. If the current through the galvanometer is 0.1% of I A, the
resistance of the ammeter is :
G G G G
(A) (B) (C) (D)
999 1000 1001 100·1

6. A 10 cm long wire lies along y-axis. It carries a current of 1.0 A in

^ ^
positive y-direction. A magnetic field B = (5 mT) j (8 mT) k exists in
the region. The force on the wire is :
^ ^
(A) (0·8 mN) i (B) (0·8 mN) i
^ ^
(C) (80 mN) i (D) (80 mN) i

7. The primary and secondary coils of a transformer have 500 turns and
5000 turns respectively. The primary coil is connected to an ac source of
220 V 50 Hz. The output across the secondary coil is :
(A) 220 V 50 Hz (B) 1100 V 50 Hz
(C) 2200 V 5 Hz (D) 2200 V 50 Hz

8. The first scientist who produced and observed electromagnetic waves of

wavelengths in the range 25 mm 5 mm was :
(A) J.C. Maxwell (B) H.R. Hertz
(C) J.C. Bose (D) G. Marconi

9. The waves associated with a moving electron and a moving proton have
the same wavelength . It implies that they have the same :
(A) momentum (B) angular momentum
(C) speed (D) energy

10. Two beams, A and B whose photon energies are 3·3 eV and 11·3 eV
respectively, illuminate a metallic surface (work function 2·3 eV)
successively. The ratio of maximum speed of electrons emitted due to
beam A to that due to beam B is :
1 1
(A) 3 (B) 9 (C) (D)
3 9

11-55/1/3 7 P.T.O.
11. The transition of electron that gives rise to the formation of the second
spectral line of the Balmer series in the spectrum of hydrogen atom
corresponds to :
(A) nf = 2 and ni = 3 (B) nf = 3 and ni = 4
(C) nf = 2 and ni = 4 (D) nf = 2 and ni =

12. Ge is doped with As. Due to doping,

(A) the structure of Ge lattice is distorted.
(B) the number of conduction electrons increases.
(C) the number of holes increases.
(D) the number of conduction electrons decreases.

Questions number 13 to 16 are Assertion (A) and Reason (R) type questions. Two
statements are given one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason
(R). Select the correct answer from the codes (A), (B), (C) and (D) as given below.
(A) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the
correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
(B) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not
the correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
(C) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
(D) Assertion (A) is false and Reason (R) is also false.

13. Assertion (A) : Two long parallel wires, freely suspended and connected
in series to a battery, move apart.
Reason (R) : Two wires carrying current in opposite directions repel
each other.

14. Assertion (A) : Plane and convex mirrors cannot produce real images
under any circumstance.
Reason (R) : A virtual image cannot serve as an object to produce a
real image.

11-55/1/3 9 P.T.O.
15. Assertion (A) : The mutual inductance between two coils is maximum
when the coils are wound on each other.
Reason (R) : The flux linkage between two coils is maximum when
they are wound on each other.

16. Assertion (A) : In photoelectric effect, the kinetic energy of the emitted
photoelectrons increases with increase in the intensity of
the incident light.
Reason (R) : Photoelectric current depends on the wavelength of the
incident light.

SECTION B

17. A uniform wire of length L and area of cross-section A has resistance R.

The wire is uniformly stretched so that its length increases by 25%.
Calculate the percentage increase in the resistance of the wire. 2

18. An object is placed 30 cm in front of a concave mirror of radius of

curvature 40 cm. Find the (i) position of the image formed and
(ii) magnification of the image. 2

19. Consider a neutron (mass m) of kinetic energy E and a photon of the

same energy. Let n and p be the de Broglie wavelength of neutron and

the wavelength of photon respectively. Obtain an expression for n . 2

p

14
20. (a) Monochromatic light of frequency 5·0 10 Hz passes from air
into a medium of refractive index 1·5. Find the wavelength of the
light (i) reflected, and (ii) refracted at the interface of the two
media. 2
OR
(b) A plano-convex lens of focal length 16 cm is made of a material of
refractive index 1.4. Calculate the radius of the curved surface of
the lens. 2

21.
role in the formation of p-n junction. 2
11-55/1/3 11 P.T.O.
 SECTION C

22. An air-filled parallel plate capacitor with plate separation 1 mm has a

capacitance of 20 pF. It is charged to 4.0 C. Calculate the amount of
work done to pull its plates to a separation of 5 mm. Assume the charge
on the plates remains the same. 3

23. (a) Define current density. Is it a scalar or a vector ? An electric field

E is maintained in a metallic conductor. If n be the number of
electrons (mass m, charge e) per unit volume in the conductor
and its relaxation time, show that the current density
ne 2
j = E , where = . 3
m
OR
(b) What is a Wheatstone bridge ? Obtain the necessary conditions
under which the Wheatstone bridge is balanced. 3

24. A circular coil with cross-sectional area 0.2 cm2 carries a current of 4 A.
It is kept in a uniform magnetic field of magnitude 0.5 T normal to the
plane of the coil. Calculate :
(a) the net force on the coil.
(b) the torque on the coil.
(c) the average force on each electron in the coil due to the
magnetic field. The free electron density in the material of the coil
is 1028 m 3. 3

25. (a) Draw the graphs showing the variation of the following with the
frequency of ac source in a circuit :
(i) Resistance
(ii) Capacitive reactance
(iii) Inductive reactance
(b) Can the voltage drop across the inductor or the capacitor in a
series LCR circuit be greater than the applied voltage of the ac
source ? Justify your answer. 3

11-55/1/3 13 P.T.O.
26. (a) State any two properties of a nucleus.

(b) Why is the density of a nucleus much more than that of an atom ?

(c) Show that the density of the nuclear matter is the same for all
nuclei. 3

27. State the three postulates of B

A hydrogen atom de-excites from level n to level (n 1). Show that,
v , for
n3
large values of n, where is a constant. This result exactly agrees with
that obtained from classical physics
theory. 3

28. (a)

examples to justify this statement.

(b) (i) Long distance radio broadcasts use short-wave bands. Why ?
(ii) Optical and radio telescopes are built on the ground, but
X-ray astronomy is possible only from satellites orbiting the
Earth. Why ? 3

SECTION D

Questions number 29 and 30 are case study-based questions. Read the following
paragraphs and answer the questions that follow.

29. A lens is a transparent medium bounded by two surfaces, with one or

both surfaces being spherical. The focal length of a lens is determined by
the radii of curvature of its two surfaces and the refractive index of its
medium with respect to that of the surrounding medium. The power of a
lens is reciprocal of its focal length. If a number of lenses are kept in
contact, the power of the combination is the algebraic sum of the powers
of the individual lenses.

11-55/1/3 15 P.T.O.
 (i) A double-convex lens, with each face having same radius of
curvature R, is made of glass of refractive index n. Its power is : 1
2 (n 1) (2n 1)
(A) (B)
R R
(n 1) (2n 1)
(C) (D)
2R 2R
(ii) A double-convex lens of power P, with each face having same
radius of curvature, is cut into two equal parts perpendicular to its
principal axis. The power of one part of the lens will be : 1
P
(A) 2P (B) P (C) 4P (D)
2
(iii) The above two parts are kept in contact with each other as shown
in the figure. The power of the combination will be : 1

P P
(A) (B) P (C) 2P (D)
2 4
(iv) (a) A double-convex lens of power P, with each face having same
radius of curvature, is cut along its principal axis. The two
parts are arranged as shown in the figure. The power of the
combination will be : 1

(A) Zero (B) P

P
(C) 2P (D)
2
OR
(b) Two convex lenses of focal lengths 60 cm and 20 cm are held
coaxially in contact with each other. The power of the
combination is : 1
(A) 6·6 D (B) 15 D
1 1
(C) D (D) D
15 80

11-55/1/3 17 P.T.O.
30. Junction Diode as a Rectifier :
The process of conversion of an ac voltage into a dc voltage is called
rectification and the device which performs this conversion is called a
rectifier. The characteristics of a p-n junction diode reveal that when a
p-n junction diode is forward biased, it offers a low resistance and when it
is reverse biased, it offers a high resistance. Hence, a p-n junction diode
conducts only when it is forward biased. This property of a p-n junction
diode makes it suitable for its use as a rectifier.
Thus, when an ac voltage is applied across a p-n junction, it conducts
only during those alternate half cycles for which it is forward biased. A
rectifier which rectifies only half cycle of an ac voltage is called a
half-wave rectifier and one that rectifies both the half cycles is known as
a full-wave rectifier.
(i) The root mean square value of an alternating voltage applied to a
V
full-wave rectifier is 0 . Then the root mean square value of the
2
rectified output voltage is : 1
V0 V02
(A) (B)
2 2
2 V0 V0
(C) (D)
2 2 2

(ii) In a full-wave rectifier, the current in each of the diodes flows for : 1
(A) Complete cycle of the input signal
(B) Half cycle of the input signal
(C) Less than half cycle of the input signal
(D) Only for the positive half cycle of the input signal
(iii) In a full-wave rectifier : 1
(A) Both diodes are forward biased at the same time.
(B) Both diodes are reverse biased at the same time.
(C) One is forward biased and the other is reverse biased at the
same time.
(D) Both are forward biased in the first half of the cycle and
reverse biased in the second half of the cycle.
11-55/1/3 19 P.T.O.
 (iv) (a) An alternating voltage of frequency of 50 Hz is applied to a
half-wave rectifier. Then the ripple frequency of the output
will be : 1
(A) 100 Hz (B) 50 Hz
(C) 25 Hz (D) 150 Hz
OR

(b) A signal, as shown in the figure, is applied to a p-n junction

diode. Identify the output across resistance RL : 1

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

11-55/1/3 21 P.T.O.
 SECTION E

31. (a) (i) A resistor and a capacitor are connected in series to an ac

source v = vm sin t. Derive an expression for the impedance
of the circuit.

(ii) When does an inductor act as a conductor in a circuit ? Give

reason for it.

(iii) An electric lamp is designed to operate at 110 V dc and

11 A current. If the lamp is operated on 220 V, 50 Hz
ac source with a coil in series, then find the inductance of
the coil. 5

OR

(b) (i) Draw a labelled diagram of a step-up transformer and

describe its working principle. Explain any three causes for
energy losses in a real transformer.

(ii) A step-up transformer converts a low voltage into high

voltage. Does it violate the principle of conservation of
energy ? Explain.

(iii) A step-up transformer has 200 and 3000 turns in its

primary and secondary coils respectively. The input voltage
given to the primary coil is 90 V. Calculate :

(1) The output voltage across the secondary coil

(2) The current in the primary coil if the current in the

secondary coil is 2·0 A. 5

11-55/1/3 23 P.T.O.
32. (a) (i) Derive an expression for potential energy of an electric
dipole p in an external uniform electric field E . When is
the potential energy of the dipole (1) maximum, and
(2) minimum ?

(ii) An electric dipole consists of point charges 1·0 pC and

+ 1·0 pC located at (0, 0) and (3 mm, 4 mm) respectively in
1000 V ^
x y plane. An electric field E = i is switched on
m
in the region. Find the torque acting on the dipole. 5

OR
^
(b) (i) An electric dipole (dipole moment p = p i ), consisting of
charges q and q, separated by distance 2a, is placed along
the x-axis, with its centre at the origin. Show that the
potential V, due to this dipole, at a point x, (x >> a) is equal
^
1 p. i
to . .
4 2
0 x

(ii) Two isolated metallic spheres S1 and S2 of radii 1 cm and

3 cm respectively are charged such that both have the same
2
charge density 10 9 C / m2 . They are placed far away

from each other and connected by a thin wire. Calculate the

new charge on sphere S1. 5

33. (a) (i) A ray of light passes through a triangular prism. Show
graphically, how the angle of deviation varies with the angle
of incidence ? Hence define the angle of minimum deviation.
(ii) A ray of light is incident normally on a refracting face of a
prism of prism angle A and suffers a deviation of angle .
Prove that the refractive index n of the material of the prism
sin ( A )
is given by n .
sin A

11-55/1/3 25 P.T.O.
 (iii) The refractive index of the material of a prism is 2 . If the
refracting angle of the prism is 60 , find the

(1) Angle of minimum deviation, and

(2) Angle of incidence. 5

OR

(b) (i) State Huygens principle. A plane wave is incident at an

angle i on a reflecting surface. Construct the corresponding
reflected wavefront. Using this diagram, prove that the
angle of reflection is equal to the angle of incidence.

(ii) What are the coherent sources of light ? Can two

independent sodium lamps act like coherent sources ?
Explain.

(iii) A beam of light consisting of a known wavelength 520 nm

and an unknown wavelength
experiment produces two interference patterns such that the
fourth bright fringe of unknown wavelength coincides with
the fifth bright fringe of known wavelength. Find the value
of . 5

11-55/1/3 27 P.T.O.
 MARKING SCHEME : PHYSICS (042)
CODE :55/1/3
Q.NO. VALUE POINT/EXPECTED ANSWERS MARKS TOTAL
MARKS
SECTION A
1. (B) Zero 1 1
2. (B) B 1 1
 
3. (B) E and j both are along –x direction 1 1
4. 2
a  1 1
(C)  
b 
5. G 1 1
(B) 
1000
6. (B) (-0.8 mN) î 1 1
7. (D) 2200V - 50 HZ 1 1
8. (C) J.C. Bose 1 1
9. (A) momentum 1 1
10. 1 1 1
(C)
3
11. ( C) n f  2 and ni  4 1 1
12. (B) the number of conduction electrons increases 1 1
13. (A) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the 1 1
correct explanation of the Assertion (A)
14. (D) Assertion (A) is false and reason (R) is also false. 1 1
15. (A) Assertion(A) is true , Reason (R) is true and Reason (R) is correct 1 1
explanation of the Assertion (A)
16. (D) Assertion (A) is false and Reason (R) is also false. 1 1
SECTION B

17.
Calculating the percentage 2
increase in the resistance

As the wire is uniformly stretched;

lA ½
 Al  Al   A 
1.25l
4
A = A
5
 l   1.25l 
R  
A 4
A
5
25 1
R  R
16

55/1/3 Page 3 of 25
  R  R 
% increase =    100
 R 
 25  ½
=   1  100  56.25%
 16  2

18.
Finding the
(i) position of the image formed 1
(ii) magnification of the image 1

½
(i) + =
+ =

On solving ½
v = - 60 cm
½
(ii) m = -
−60 ½
=-( ) = -2
−30 2
19.
Obtaining an expression for λn / λp 2

½
E= => λp =

½
λn = =
√( )
½
= ×
√( )

= √( ) ½

2
20.
Finding the wavelength of
(i) Reflected Light 1
(ii) Refracted Light 1

55/1/3 Page 4 of 25
 (a)

(i)
v=υλ
3×108 = 5×1014 × λ 1
λ = 600 nm or 6 ×10-7m
(ii)
air
medium 

600 nm
medium 
1.5 1
= 400 nm or 4×10-7m
OR
(b)

Calculating the radius of the curved surface 2

1 1 1 
 (  1)   
f  R1 R2 
1
1 1 1
 (1.4  1)   
16 R 
1 1
 0.4 
16 R
R = 16 × 0.4
R = 6.4 cm 1 2
21.
Differentiating between diffusion & drift current 1
Explaining their role in p-n junction 1

Diffusion current: It is due to the flow of majority charge carriers. 1

Drift current: It is due to the flow of minority charge carriers.

Due to the concentration gradient across p- , and n- sides, holes diffuse from
p- side to n- side & electrons diffuse from n-side to p- side. This motion of
charge carriers gives rise to diffusion current across the junction.
Due to the positive space- charge region on n-side and negative space – 1
charge region on p-side, an electric field directed from positive charge
towards negative charge develops. Due to this field, motion of charge
carriers comes into play giving rise to drift current.

55/1/3 Page 5 of 25
 SECTION C

22.
Calculating the amount of work done 3

A  A
C ; C 
d d
C d 1
   C    20
C d 5
1
C  = 4pF
Work done = change in energy
1 Q2 1 Q2
= 
2 C 2 C
Q2  1 1  1
=    1012
2  4 20 
On solving ;
8
Work done = J
5 1
 1.6 J 3
23.
a)

 Defining current density ½

 Whether scalar or vector ½
 Showing 𝚥⃗ = α 𝐸⃗ 2

Current density is the amount of charge flowing per second per unit area ½
normal to the flow.
Alternatively:
𝑗=

It is a vector quantity. ½

The amount of charge crossing the area A in time ∆t is I ∆t, where I is the
magnitude of the current. Hence,

55/1/3 Page 6 of 25
 I ∆ t = ne A |vd| ∆t ½

I∆t= τ n ∆t |E|
½
I = |j|A
½

|j| = τ |E| ½

𝚥⃗ = α 𝐸⃗

OR

b)
Defining Wheatstone bridge 1
Obtaining balancing conditions 2

Alternatively:
If the figure is explained in words full credit to be given.

For loop ADBA:

–I1 R1 + I2 R2 + Ig G = 0 (1) ½

For loop CBDC:

I4 R4 - I3 R3 - Ig G = 0 (2) ½

For balanced wheatstone bridge, Ig = 0

And by applying Kirchoff’s junction rule to junction D and B, ½

I1 = I3 & I2 = I4

55/1/3 Page 7 of 25
 From eqn (1) and (2)

= and =

 =
½

3
24.
Calculating
(a) Net force 1
(b) Torque 1
(c ) Average force 1

(a)
Net force = zero
By symmetry, force on each element of the coil is equal and 1
opposite to the force on the diametrically opposite element of the
coil. Hence, the net force is zero.

Alternatively :
  
df1  Idl  B
  
df 2  Idl  B
 
F1   F2

On coil magnetic force are equal

and opposite, so they will cancel
out each other.
(b)
Torque on the coil.
  
  m B
 
  m B sin   m  B 
  mB sin 0   0
1
τ= 0
(c)
 
f avg  e(v d  B) ½
= e v d B sin 90
= e vd B
 I  n e A vd

55/1/3 Page 8 of 25
 I
vd 
ne A
I
f avg  e  B
ne A
IB
=
nA
4  0.5
=
10  0.2 10 4
28

½
= 10-23 N
3
25.
(a)
(i) Graph showing variation of R with frequency ½
(ii) Graph showing variation of capacitive reactance
with frequency ½
(iii) Graph showing variation of Inductive reactance with
frequency ½
(b) Anwer and Justification ½ +1

(a) (i) R

ν
(ii)

(iii)

55/1/3 Page 9 of 25
 (b) Yes, VL and VC can be greater than applied voltage. ½

VL and VC are in opposite phase. 1

3

26.
a) Stating two properties of a nucleus 1

b) Why density of a nucleus is much more than that of an atom 1

c) Showing that density of nuclear matter is same for all nuclei 1

a) (Any TWO)
(i) The nucleus is positively charged
(ii) The nucleus consists of protons and neutrons
(iii) The nuclear density is independent of mass number
(iv) The radius of the nucleus, R = Ro A1/3 ½+½

b) Atoms have large amount of empty spaces. Mass is concentrated in 1

nucleus.

c) Density = Mass / Volume

= =

So, density is independent of mass number. 1

3
27.
 Statement of three postulates ½+½+½

 Showing that frequency, ν ≅ 1½
n3

Bohr’s postulates:-
(i) An electron in an atom could revolve in certain stable orbits without the
emission of radiant energy.
(ii) The electron revolves around the nucleus only in those orbits for which
the angular momentum is some integral multiple of h/2π

55/1/3 Page 10 of 25
 (iii) An electron might make a transition from one of its specified non-
radiating orbits to another of lower energy. When it does so, a photon is
emitted having energy equal to the energy difference between the initial and ½ + ½ +½
final states.

hν = Ei – Ef ------- (i)
1 ½
En  2
n
 1 1
En  En1  k   2
 (n  1) n 
2

n 2   n 2  1  2n 
k
n 4  2n3  n 2
2n  1
k 4
n  2n 3  n 2
For large n , 2n-1  2n
n2 [n2- 2n+1]  n4

2 n 2k
En  En1  k  1
n 4 n3 ----- (ii)
From equation (i) and (ii)
ν
3
28.
a) Two examples 1
b) (i) Reason for use of short waves bands 1
(ii) Reason for x-ray astronomy from satellites 1

a) (Any Two)
 Gamma radiation having wavelength of 10–14 m to 10–15 m, typically
originate from an atomic nucleus.
 X-rays are emitted from heavy atoms.
 Radio waves are produced by accelerating electrons in a circuit. A
transmitting antenna can most efficiently radiate waves having a
wavelength of about the same size as the antenna. ½+½

b) (i) Ionosphere reflects waves in these bands 1

(ii) Atmosphere absorbs x-rays, while visible and radio waves can
penetrate it 1

Note: Full credit to be given for part (b) for mere attempt. 3

55/1/3 Page 11 of 25
 SECTION D

29. ( ) 1
(i) (A)

(ii) (D) P/2 1

(iii) (B) P 1

(iv) a) (C) 2P 1
OR
b) (A) 6.6 D
4

30. 1
(i) (A)
√

(ii) (B) half cycle of the input signal 1

(iii) (C) One is forward biased and the other is reverse biased at the 1
same time
(iv) a) (B) 50 Hz
1
OR

b) (D)
4

SECTION E

31.
(a) (i) Deriving expression for impedance 2
(ii) Reason 1
(iii) Inductance of coil 2

55/1/3 Page 12 of 25
 (i)

½
VC + VR =V

v m2  v rm
2
 v cm
2

vr m  im R

vcm  im X c
½
vm2  (im R )2  (im Xc )2

i m2 R 2  X c2 
=
½
vm
 im 
R 2  X c2
½
 Impedance Z  R 2  X c2

(ii) For direct current (dc), an inductor behaves as a conductor.

As XL = ωL = 2π ν L 1

For dc ν = 0  XL= 0

Alternatively: -

LdI
Induced emf (ε) = -
dt

For dc; dI = 0  ε=0

110 ½
(iii) R= = 10 Ω
11

55/1/3 Page 13 of 25
 v r ms 220
ir ms  
R X
2 2
L 100  X L2
½
220
11 
100  X L2

220
100  X L2   20
11

Squaring both sides:

 100  X L2  400
½
 X L2  300  X L  10 3 

X L  2 fL  10 3  2  50  L

3 ½
L = H
10

OR

(b)

(i) Labelled diagram of step – up transformer 1

Describing working principle ½
Three causes 1½
(ii) Explanation 1
(iii) (1) Output voltage across secondary coil ½

(2) Current in primary coil ½

55/1/3 Page 14 of 25
 (i)

OR

The working principle of transformer is mutual induction.

When an alternating voltage is applied to the primary, the resulting current

produces an alternating magnetic flux which links the secondary and ½
induces an emf in it.

Causes of energy losses (Any three)

(a) Flux leakage

(b) Resistance of the windings

(c) Eddy currents

(d) Hysteresis ½+½+½

55/1/3 Page 15 of 25
 (ii) No ½

Current changes correspondingly. So, the input power is equal to the

output power. ½

(iii)

(1)

Vs N s

VP N P

Ns 3000
Vs   VP   90
NP 200
½
Vs  1350 V

(2)

IP Ns

Is NP

½
3000
IP   2  30 A
200
5

32. (a)

(i)
 Deriving the expression for potential energy 2
 Maximum & Minimum value of potential energy (½+½)
(ii) Finding the torque. 2

55/1/3 Page 16 of 25
 (i)

The amount of work done in rotating the dipole from θ =  0 to θ = 1 by

the external torque
1
½
W=  ext
d
o

1 ½
=  pE sin  d
o

W = pE (cos 0  cos 1 )
 ½
For  0  & 1  
2

= pE (cos  cos  )
2
U( )   pE cos 
½
= - 𝑝⃗.𝐸⃗

(1) Potential energy is maximum when:

 
p is antiparallel to E ½
Alternatively:
 = 180° or π radians
(2) Potential energy is minimum when:
  ½
p is along to E
Alternatively:
 = 0°

55/1/3 Page 17 of 25
 (ii)

½
  pE sin  ½
 (2aq ) E sin 
4
 (5  10 3  1  10 12 )103  ½
5
 4  10 12 Nm ½
Direction is along –ve Z direction.

OR
(b)
(i) Deriving expression for potential 2½
(ii) New charge on Sphere S1 2½

(i)
2a

-q O +q P 𝚤̂ ½

1 q ½
V
4 0 r

V  V  q  V q

1  q q  ½
V 
4 0  (x  a ) (x  a ) 


55/1/3 Page 18 of 25
 q x  a  x  a 

4 0  (x 2  a 2 ) 
½
q 2a p
V  
4 0 (x  a ) 4 0 (x 2  a 2 )
2 2

As p is along x-axis, so

1 p . iˆ
V 
4 0 (x 2  a 2 )

If x>>a
 ½
p . iˆ
1
V 
4 0 x 2

Alternatively:

1 q q 
V    ----- (i)
4 0  r1 r2 

By geometry

r12  r 2  a 2  2ar cos

r22  r 2  a 2  2ar cos

 2acos a 2 
r12  r 2 1   2
 r r 

 2a cos  
 r 2 1  
 r 

 2a cos   ½
r22  r 2 1  
Similarly,  r 

a
Using binomial theorem & retaining terms upto the first order in ; we
r
obtain

55/1/3 Page 19 of 25
 1

1 1 2a cos   2 1 a 
 1    1  cos   ----- (ii)
r1 r  r  r r  ½
1

1 1 2a cos   2 1 a 
 1    1  cos   ----- (iii)
r2 r  r  r r  ½

Using equations (i) ,(ii) & (iii) & p = 2qa

q 2a cos  p cos 
V 
4 0 r2 4 0r 2

p cos   p . rˆ ½

As r is along the x – axis.
  ½
 p . rˆ  p . iˆ
 ˆ
 V  1 p .i
4 0 x 2

(ii)
Charge on sphere S1 :

Q1 = surface charge density  surface Area

2 
=  10 9   4 (1  102 )2
 
½
= 8  1013 C

Charge on sphere S2 :

Q2 = surface charge density  surface Area

2 
=  10 9   4 ( 3  102 )2
 

= 72  1013 C ½

55/1/3 Page 20 of 25
 When connected by a thin wire they acquire a common potential V and
the charge remains conserved.

Q1  Q2  Q1  Q2 ½

 C1V  C 2V

Q1  Q 2  (C1  C2 )V
Q1  Q2
Common potential(V) 
C1  C 2
1 1
C1  4 0r1   10 2   10 11 F
9  10 9
9
1 1
C 2  4 0r2   3  10 2   10 11 F
9  10 9
3
13
80  10 ½
V   1.8V
1 1 11
    10
9 3
1
𝑄′1  C1V   1011  1.8
9
½
′
𝑄1  2  10 12 C

Alternatively:

Charge on sphere S1 :

Q1 = surface charge density  surface Area

2 
=  10 9   4 (1  102 )2
 

= 8  1013 C ½

Charge on sphere S2 :

Q2 = surface charge density  surface Area

2 
=  10 9   4 ( 3  102 )2
 
½
= 72  1013 C

55/1/3 Page 21 of 25
 When connected by a thin wire they acquire a common potential V and
the charge remains conserved.

Q1  Q2  Q1  Q2 ½

= ½

On solving, 𝑄′1  2  10 12 C ½

5
33.
(a)
(i) Graph showing variation of angle of deviation with angle of
incidence 1
Defining angle of minimum deviation 1
sin( A   )
n
(ii) Proof of refractive index sin A 1

(iii) (1) Finding angle of minimum deviation 1

(2) Angle of Incidence 1

(i)

55/1/3 Page 22 of 25
 Minimum deviation angle is defined as the angle at which angle of 1
incidence is equal to the angle of emergence.

Alternatively
At minimum deviation refracted ray inside the prism becomes parallel
to the base of the prism.

(ii)

At the face XZ :-
 sin i  1  sin r ----- (1) ½
r=i+δ [ from diagram] ----- (2)
In ΔXMN ; A+( 90 –i) + 90 =180
 A=i ----- (3)
Putting eq. (3) & (2) in eq. (1)
 sin A  sin ( A   ) ½
sin ( A   )

sin A

(iii)
 A  m 
sin  
(1)   2 
A
sin
2
 60  m  ½
sin  
 2 
2
sin 30
 60   m  1
 sin    sin 45
 2  2
60   m ½
 45   m  30
2

55/1/3 Page 23 of 25
 A  m ½
(2) i
2
60  30
i  ½
2
i  45

OR

(b)
(i) Statement of Huygens’ Principle ½
Construction of reflected wave front ½
Proof of angle of reflection is equal to angle of incidence 1
(ii) Definition of coherent sources ½
Explanation 1
(iii) Finding the unknown wavelength 1½

(i) Each point of the wavefront is the source of a secondary disturbance and
the wavelets emanating from these points spread out in all directions with
the spread of the wave. Each point of the wavefront is the source of a
secondary disturbance and the wavelets emanating from these points
spread out in all directions with the speed of the wave. These wavelets
emanating from the wavefront are usually referred to as secondary
wavelets and if we draw a common tangent to all these spheres, we ½
obtain the new position of the wavefront at a later time.

ΔEAC is congruent to ΔBAC; so i  r 1

(ii) Two sources are said to be coherent if the phase difference between ½
them does not change with time.

No, two independent sodium lamps cannot be coherent. ½

Two independent sodium lamps cannot be coherent as the phase between
them does not remain constant with time. ½

55/1/3 Page 24 of 25
 (iii)
4 2  5 1
D  D ½
4  5  known
d d
5
    known
4
5
  520
4 1
= 650 nm

55/1/3 Page 25 of 25