SECTION A

1. A thin plastic rod is bent into a circular ring of radius R. It is uniformly

charged with charge density . The magnitude of the electric field at its
centre is :

(A) (B) Zero (C) (D)

2 0R 4 R 4 0R
0

2. Ten capacitors, each of capacitance 1 µF, are connected in parallel to a

source of 100 V. The total energy stored in the system is equal to :
(A) 10 2 J (B) 10 3 J
(C) 0·5 10 3 J (D) 5·0 10 2 J

3. Consider the circuit shown in the figure. The potential difference between
points A and B is :

(A) 6V (B) 8V (C) 9 V (D) 12 V

4. A loop carrying a current I clockwise is placed in x y plane, in a uniform

magnetic field directed along z-axis. The tendency of the loop will be to :
(A) move along x-axis (B) move along y-axis
(C) shrink (D) expand

5. A 10 cm long wire lies along y-axis. It carries a current of 1.0 A in

^ ^
positive y-direction. A magnetic field B = (5 mT) j (8 mT) k exists in
the region. The force on the wire is :
^ ^
(A) (0·8 mN) i (B) (0·8 mN) i
^ ^
(C) (80 mN) i (D) (80 mN) i

11-55/1/1 5 P.T.O.
6. A galvanometer of resistance G is converted into an ammeter of range
0 to I A. If the current through the galvanometer is 0.1% of I A, the
resistance of the ammeter is :
G G G G
(A) (B) (C) (D)
999 1000 1001 100·1
7. The reactance of a capacitor of capacitance C connected to an ac source of
frequency nce of the capacitor is doubled and the
frequency of the source is tripled, the reactance will become :
X 2 3
(A) (B) 6X (C) X (D) X
6 3 2
8. In the four regions, I, II, III and IV, the electric fields are described as :
Region I : Ex = E0 sin (kz t)
Region II : Ex = E0
Region III : Ex = E0 sin kz
Region IV : Ex = E0 cos kz
The displacement current will exist in the region :
(A) I (B) IV (C) II (D) III
9. The transition of electron that gives rise to the formation of the second
spectral line of the Balmer series in the spectrum of hydrogen atom
corresponds to :
(A) nf = 2 and ni = 3 (B) nf = 3 and ni = 4
(C) nf = 2 and ni = 4 (D) nf = 2 and ni =

10. Ge is doped with As. Due to doping,

(A) the structure of Ge lattice is distorted.
(B) the number of conduction electrons increases.
(C) the number of holes increases.
(D) the number of conduction electrons decreases.
11. Two beams, A and B whose photon energies are 3·3 eV and 11·3 eV
respectively, illuminate a metallic surface (work function 2·3 eV)
successively. The ratio of maximum speed of electrons emitted due to
beam A to that due to beam B is :
1 1
(A) 3 (B) 9 (C) (D)
3 9

11-55/1/1 7 P.T.O.
12. The waves associated with a moving electron and a moving proton have
the same wavelength . It implies that they have the same :
(A) momentum (B) angular momentum
(C) speed (D) energy

Questions number 13 to 16 are Assertion (A) and Reason (R) type questions. Two
statements are given one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason
(R). Select the correct answer from the codes (A), (B), (C) and (D) as given below.
(A) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the
correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
(B) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not
the correct explanation of the Assertion (A).
(C) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false.
(D) Assertion (A) is false and Reason (R) is also false.

13. Assertion (A) : In photoelectric effect, the kinetic energy of the emitted
photoelectrons increases with increase in the intensity of
the incident light.
Reason (R) : Photoelectric current depends on the wavelength of the
incident light.

14. Assertion (A) : The mutual inductance between two coils is maximum
when the coils are wound on each other.
Reason (R) : The flux linkage between two coils is maximum when
they are wound on each other.

15. Assertion (A) : Two long parallel wires, freely suspended and connected
in series to a battery, move apart.
Reason (R) : Two wires carrying current in opposite directions repel
each other.

16. Assertion (A) : Plane and convex mirrors cannot produce real images
under any circumstance.
Reason (R) : A virtual image cannot serve as an object to produce a
real image.

11-55/1/1 9 P.T.O.
 SECTION B

17. Find the temperature at which the resistance of a wire made of

silver will be twice its resistance at 20 C. Take 20 C as the
reference temperature and temperature coefficient of resistance of silver
at 20 C = 4·0 10 3 K 1. 2

18. (a) Monochromatic light of frequency 5·0 1014 Hz passes from air
into a medium of refractive index 1·5. Find the wavelength of the
light (i) reflected, and (ii) refracted at the interface of the two
media. 2
OR

(b) A plano-convex lens of focal length 16 cm is made of a material of

refractive index 1.4. Calculate the radius of the curved surface of
the lens. 2

19. An object is placed 30 cm in front of a concave mirror of radius of

curvature 40 cm. Find the (i) position of the image formed and
(ii) magnification of the image. 2

20. Consider a neutron (mass m) of kinetic energy E and a photon of the

same energy. Let n and p be the de Broglie wavelength of neutron and

the wavelength of photon respectively. Obtain an expression for n . 2

p

21. Plot a graph showing the variation of current with voltage for the
material GaAs. On the graph, mark the region where : 2

(a) resistance is negative, and

(b)
11-55/1/1 11 P.T.O.
 SECTION C

22. A cube of side 0·1 m is placed, as shown in the figure, in a region where
^
electric field E = 500 x i exists. Here x is in meters and E in NC 1.
Calculate : 3
(a) the flux passing through the cube, and
(b) the charge within the cube.

23. (a) Define current density . Is it a scalar or a vector ? An electric field

E is maintained in a metallic conductor. If n be the number of
electrons (mass m, charge e) per unit volume in the conductor
and its relaxation time, show that the current density j = E,
ne 2
where = . 3
m

OR

(b) What is a Wheatstone bridge ? Obtain the necessary conditions

under which the Wheatstone bridge is balanced. 3

24. A proton with kinetic energy 1·3384 10 14 J moving horizontally from

north to south, enters a uniform magnetic field B of 2·0 mT directed
eastward. Calculate : 3
(a) the speed of the proton
(b) the magnitude of acceleration of the proton
(c) the radius of the path traced by the proton
[Take (q /m) for proton = 1·0 108 C/kg]
11-55/1/1 13 P.T.O.
25. An inductor, a capacitor and a resistor are connected in series with an
ac source v = vm sin t. Derive an expression for the average power
dissipated in the circuit. Also obtain the expression for the resonant
frequency of the circuit. 3

26. (a)

examples to justify this statement.

(b) (i) Long distance radio broadcasts use short-wave bands. Why ?
(ii) Optical and radio telescopes are built on the ground, but
X-ray astronomy is possible only from satellites orbiting the
Earth. Why ? 3

27. Write the drawbacks of Rutherfor

them 3

28. (a) State any two properties of a nucleus.

(b) Why is the density of a nucleus much more than that of an atom ?
(c) Show that the density of the nuclear matter is the same for all
nuclei. 3

SECTION D

Questions number 29 and 30 are case study-based questions. Read the following
paragraphs and answer the questions that follow.

29. A lens is a transparent medium bounded by two surfaces, with one or

both surfaces being spherical. The focal length of a lens is determined by
the radii of curvature of its two surfaces and the refractive index of its
medium with respect to that of the surrounding medium. The power of a
lens is reciprocal of its focal length. If a number of lenses are kept in
contact, the power of the combination is the algebraic sum of the powers
of the individual lenses.

11-55/1/1 15 P.T.O.
 (i) A double-convex lens, with each face having same radius of
curvature R, is made of glass of refractive index n. Its power is : 1
2 (n 1) (2n 1)
(A) (B)
R R
(n 1) (2n 1)
(C) (D)
2R 2R

(ii) A double-convex lens of power P, with each face having same

radius of curvature, is cut into two equal parts perpendicular to its
principal axis. The power of one part of the lens will be : 1
P
(A) 2P (B) P (C) 4P (D)
2
(iii) The above two parts are kept in contact with each other as shown
in the figure. The power of the combination will be : 1

P P
(A) (B) P (C) 2P (D)
2 4

(iv) (a) A double-convex lens of power P, with each face having same
radius of curvature, is cut along its principal axis. The two
parts are arranged as shown in the figure. The power of the
combination will be : 1

(A) Zero (B) P

P
(C) 2P (D)
2
OR
(b) Two convex lenses of focal lengths 60 cm and 20 cm are held
coaxially in contact with each other. The power of the
combination is : 1
(A) 6·6 D (B) 15 D
1 1
(C) D (D) D
15 80
11-55/1/1 17 P.T.O.
30. Junction Diode as a Rectifier :
The process of conversion of an ac voltage into a dc voltage is called
rectification and the device which performs this conversion is called a
rectifier. The characteristics of a p-n junction diode reveal that when a
p-n junction diode is forward biased, it offers a low resistance and when it
is reverse biased, it offers a high resistance. Hence, a p-n junction diode
conducts only when it is forward biased. This property of a p-n junction
diode makes it suitable for its use as a rectifier.
Thus, when an ac voltage is applied across a p-n junction, it conducts
only during those alternate half cycles for which it is forward biased. A
rectifier which rectifies only half cycle of an ac voltage is called a
half-wave rectifier and one that rectifies both the half cycles is known as
a full-wave rectifier.
(i) The root mean square value of an alternating voltage applied to a
V
full-wave rectifier is 0 . Then the root mean square value of the
2
rectified output voltage is : 1
V0 V02
(A) (B)
2 2
2 V0 V0
(C) (D)
2 2 2

(ii) In a full-wave rectifier, the current in each of the diodes flows for : 1
(A) Complete cycle of the input signal
(B) Half cycle of the input signal
(C) Less than half cycle of the input signal
(D) Only for the positive half cycle of the input signal
(iii) In a full-wave rectifier : 1
(A) Both diodes are forward biased at the same time.
(B) Both diodes are reverse biased at the same time.
(C) One is forward biased and the other is reverse biased at the
same time.
(D) Both are forward biased in the first half of the cycle and
reverse biased in the second half of the cycle.
11-55/1/1 19 P.T.O.
 (iv) (a) An alternating voltage of frequency of 50 Hz is applied to a
half-wave rectifier. Then the ripple frequency of the output
will be : 1
(A) 100 Hz (B) 50 Hz
(C) 25 Hz (D) 150 Hz

OR

(b) A signal, as shown in the figure, is applied to a p-n junction

diode. Identify the output across resistance RL : 1

(A)

(B)

(C)

(D)

11-55/1/1 21 P.T.O.
 SECTION E

31. (a) (i) Derive an expression for potential energy of an electric

dipole p in an external uniform electric field E . When is
the potential energy of the dipole (1) maximum, and
(2) minimum ?

(ii) An electric dipole consists of point charges 1·0 pC and

+ 1·0 pC located at (0, 0) and (3 mm, 4 mm) respectively in
1000 V ^
x y plane. An electric field E = i is switched on
m
in the region. Find the torque acting on the dipole. 5

OR

^
(b) (i) An electric dipole (dipole moment p = p i ), consisting of

charges q and q, separated by distance 2a, is placed along

the x-axis, with its centre at the origin. Show that the
potential V, due to this dipole, at a point x, (x >> a) is equal
^
1 p. i
to . .
4 0 x2

(ii) Two isolated metallic spheres S1 and S2 of radii 1 cm and

3 cm respectively are charged such that both have the same
2
charge density 10 9 C / m2 . They are placed far away

from each other and connected by a thin wire. Calculate the

new charge on sphere S1. 5

32. (a) (i) A resistor and a capacitor are connected in series to an ac

source v = vm sin t. Derive an expression for the impedance
of the circuit.

(ii) When does an inductor act as a conductor in a circuit ? Give

reason for it.

11-55/1/1 23 P.T.O.
 (iii) An electric lamp is designed to operate at 110 V dc and
11 A current. If the lamp is operated on 220 V, 50 Hz
ac source with a coil in series, then find the inductance of
the coil. 5

OR

(b) (i) Draw a labelled diagram of a step-up transformer and

describe its working principle. Explain any three causes for
energy losses in a real transformer.

(ii) A step-up transformer converts a low voltage into high

voltage. Does it violate the principle of conservation of
energy ? Explain.

(iii) A step-up transformer has 200 and 3000 turns in its

primary and secondary coils respectively. The input voltage
given to the primary coil is 90 V. Calculate :

(1) The output voltage across the secondary coil

(2) The current in the primary coil if the current in the

secondary coil is 2·0 A. 5

33. (a) (i) A ray of light passes through a triangular prism. Show
graphically, how the angle of deviation varies with the angle
of incidence ? Hence define the angle of minimum deviation.

(ii) A ray of light is incident normally on a refracting face of a

prism of prism angle A and suffers a deviation of angle .
Prove that the refractive index n of the material of the prism
sin ( A )
is given by n .
sin A

11-55/1/1 25 P.T.O.
 (iii) The refractive index of the material of a prism is 2 . If the
refracting angle of the prism is 60 , find the

(1) Angle of minimum deviation, and

(2) Angle of incidence. 5

OR

(b) (i) State Huygens principle. A plane wave is incident at an

angle i on a reflecting surface. Construct the corresponding
reflected wavefront. Using this diagram, prove that the
angle of reflection is equal to the angle of incidence.

(ii) What are the coherent sources of light ? Can two

independent sodium lamps act like coherent sources ?
Explain.

(iii) A beam of light consisting of a known wavelength 520 nm

and an unknown wavelength
experiment produces two interference patterns such that the
fourth bright fringe of unknown wavelength coincides with
the fifth bright fringe of known wavelength. Find the value
of . 5

11-55/1/1 27 P.T.O.
 MARKING SCHEME : PHYSICS (042)
CODE :55/1/1
Q.NO. VALUE POINT/EXPECTED ANSWERS MARKS TOTAL
MARKS
Section A
1. (B) Zero 1 1
2. (D) 5.0 ×10-2 J 1 1
3. (B) 8V 1 1
4. (C) Shrink 1 1
5. (B) ( - 0.8 mN) î 1 1
6. G 1 1
(B) 
1000
7. X 1 1
(A)
6
8. (A) I 1 1
9. (C) n f  2 and ni  4 1 1
10. (B) the number of conduction electrons increases 1 1
11. 1 1 1
( C)
3
12. (A) momentum 1 1
13. (D) Assertion (A) is false and reason (R) is also false. 1 1
14. (A) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the 1 1
correct explanation of the Assertion (A)
15. (A) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the 1 1
correct explanation of the Assertion (A)
16. (D) Assertion (A) is false and reason (R) is also false. 1 1

Section B

17.
Finding the temperature 2

R  R  1   T  T   ½
R = 2 R  [Given]
2 R   R  1   T  T   ½
On solving
T  T  250
T  270C or 543K 1
2

55/1/1 Page 3 of 24
18. (a)

Finding the wavelength of

(i) Reflected Light 1
(ii) Refracted Light 1

(i)
v=υλ
3×108 = 5×1014 × λ 1
λ = 600 nm or 6 ×10-7m
(ii)
air
medium 

600 nm
medium 
1.5 1
= 400 nm or 4×10-7m
OR
(b)

Calculating the radius of the curved surface 2

1 1 1 
 (  1)   
f  R1 R2 
1
1 1 1
 (1.4  1)   
16 R 
1 1
 0.4 
16 R
R = 16 × 0.4
R = 6.4 cm 1 2
19.
Finding the
(i) position of the image formed 1
(ii) magnification of the image 1

½
(i) + =
+ =

On solving
v = - 60 cm ½

55/1/1 Page 4 of 24
 (ii) m = -
½
−60
=-( )
−30 ½
= -2
2

20.
Obtaining an expression for λn / λp 2

½
E= => λp =

½
λn = =
√( )
½
= ×
√( )

= √( ) ½

2
21.
Plotting the graph 1
Marking the region where:
(a) resistance is negative ½
(b) Ohm’s law is obeyed ½

1+ ½ + ½

55/1/1 Page 5 of 24
 SECTION C

22.
Calculating
(a) the flux passing through the cube 2
(b) the charge within the cube 1

a) φL = 𝐸⃗ . 𝐴⃗ = - [500 x 0.1] x [(0.1)2] = - 0.5 N m2 C -1 ½

φR = 𝐸 ⃗ . 𝐴⃗ = [500 x 0.2] x [(0.1)2] = 1 N m2 C -1 ½

Net flux = φL + φR = 0.5 N m2 C -1 1

½
b) flux, φ =

charge, q = φ x εo
= 0.5 εo ½
= 4.4 x 10-12 C
3
23.
a)

 Defining current density ½

 Whether scalar or vector ½
 Showing 𝚥⃗ = α 𝐸⃗ 2

Current density is the amount of charge flowing per second per unit area ½
normal to the flow.
Alternatively:
𝑗=

It is a vector quantity. ½

The amount of charge crossing the area A in time ∆t is I ∆t, where I is the
magnitude of the current. Hence, ½
I ∆ t = ne A |vd| ∆t

55/1/1 Page 6 of 24
 ½
I∆t= τ n ∆t |E|
½
I = |j|A

½
|j| = τ |E|

𝚥⃗ = α 𝐸⃗

OR

b)
Defining Wheatstone bridge 1
Obtaining balancing conditions 2

Alternatively:
If the figure is explained in words full credit to be given.

For loop ADBA:

–I1 R1 + I2 R2 + Ig G = 0 (1) ½

For loop CBDC:

I4R4 - I3 R3 - Ig G = 0 (2) ½

For balanced wheatstone bridge, Ig = 0 ½

And by applying Kirchoff’s junction rule to junction D and B,

I1 = I3 & I2 = I4

From eqn (1) and (2)

55/1/1 Page 7 of 24
 = and =

½
 =

24.
Calculating
a) the speed of the proton 1
b) the magnitude of the acceleration of the proton 1
c) the radius of the path traced by the proton 1

. . ½
a) v = √( )

= 4 x 106 m/s ½

b) acceleration = qvB / m ½
= 8 x 1011 m/s2 ½

c) r = mv / Bq ½
= 20 m ½
3
25.
Deriving an expression for the average power dissipated in series
LCR circuit 2

Obtaining expression for the resonant frequency 1

v = vm sinωt
i = im sin(ωt+φ)

Power, P = v i = ( vm sinωt ) x [ im sin(ωt+φ)] ½

= [ cos φ – cos(2ωt+φ)] (1) ½
The average power over a cycle is given by the average of the two terms in
RHS of eqn (1). It is only the 2nd term which is time dependent. It’s average
is zero. Therefore, ½
P= cos φ

55/1/1 Page 8 of 24
 P = V I cos φ
OR ½
P = I2 Z cos φ

At resonance, XC = XL
1
= 𝜔𝐿 ½
𝜔𝐶

ω=
√( )

=> υ= ½ 3
√( )

26.
a) Two examples 1
b) (i) Reason for use of short waves bands 1
(ii) Reason for x-ray astronomy from satellites 1

a) (Any Two)
 Gamma radiation having wavelength of 10–14 m to 10–15 m, typically
originate from an atomic nucleus.
 X-rays are emitted from heavy atoms.
 Radio waves are produced by accelerating electrons in a circuit. A
transmitting antenna can most efficiently radiate waves having a
wavelength of about the same size as the antenna. ½+½

b) (i) Ionosphere reflects waves in these bands 1

(ii) Atmosphere absorbs x-rays, while visible and radio waves can
penetrate it 1

Note: Full credit to be given for part (b) for mere attempt. 3

27.
 Drawbacks of Rutherford’s atomic model 1
 Bohr’s explanation 1
 Showing different orbits are not equally spaced 1

Drawbacks:
i) According to classical electromagnetic theory, an accelerating charged
particle emits radiation in the form of electromagnetic waves. The energy of
an accelerating electron should therefore, continuously decrease. The
electron would spiral inward and eventually fall into the nucleus. Thus, such

55/1/1 Page 9 of 24
 an atom cannot be stable.
ii) As the electrons spiral inwards, their angular velocities and hence their
frequencies would change continuously. Thus, they would emit a
continuous spectrum, in contradiction to the line spectrum actually
observed. 1

Bohr postulated stable orbits in which electrons do not radiate energy 1

Alternatively:
Bohr’s postulates (Any ONE of the three)
(i) An electron in an atom could revolve in certain stable orbits without the
emission of radiant energy.
(ii) The electron revolves around the nucleus only in those orbits for which
the angular momentum is some integral multiple of h/2π
(iii) An electron might make a transition from one of its specified non-
radiating orbits to another of lower energy. When it does so, a photon is
emitted having energy equal to the energy difference between the initial and
final states.

The radius of the nth orbit is found as

rn α n2

Alternatively:
Difference in radius of consecutive orbits is
rn+1 – rn = k [(n+1)2 – n2)]
= k (2n + 1) which depends on n, and is not a constant 3
28.
a) Stating two properties of a nucleus 1

b) Why density of a nucleus is much more than that of an atom 1

c) Showing that density of nuclear matter is same for all nuclei 1

a) (Any TWO)
(i) The nucleus is positively charged
(ii) The nucleus consists of protons and neutrons
(iii) The nuclear density is independent of mass number
(iv) The radius of the nucleus, R = Ro A1/3 ½+½

b) Atoms have large amount of empty spaces. Mass is concentrated in 1

nucleus.

55/1/1 Page 10 of 24
 c) Density = Mass / Volume

= =

=
1
So, density is independent of mass number
3

SECTION D

29. ( ) 1
(i) (A)

(ii) (D) P/2 1

(iii) (B) P 1

(iv) a) (C) 2P 1
OR
b) (A) 6.6 D
4

30.
1
(i) (A)
√

(ii) (B) half cycle of the input signal 1

(iii) (C) One is forward biased and the other is reverse biased at the 1
same time

(iv) a) (B) 50 Hz 1

OR

b) (D)
4

55/1/1 Page 11 of 24
 Section E

31. (a)
(i)
 Deriving the expression for potential energy 2
 Maximum & Minimum value of potential energy ( ½ + ½ )
(ii) Finding the torque. 2

(i)

The amount of work done in rotating the dipole from θ =  0 to θ = 1 by

the external torque
1
½
W=   dext
o

1 ½
=  pE sin  d
o

W = pE (cos  0  cos 1 )
½

For 0  and 1  
2

= pE (cos  cos  )
2
U( )   pE cos 
½
= - 𝑝⃗.𝐸⃗
(1) Potential energy is maximum when:
 
p is antiparallel to E ½
Alternatively:
 = 180° or π radians

55/1/1 Page 12 of 24
 (2) Potential energy is minimum when:
 
p is along to E ½
Alternatively:
 = 0°

(ii)

  pE sin  ½
½
 (2aq ) E sin 
4
 (5  10 3  1  10 12 )103 
5 ½
12
 4  10 Nm
Direction is along –ve Z direction. ½

OR
(b)
(i) Deriving expression for potential 2½
(ii) New charge on Sphere S1 2½

(i)
2a

-q O +q P 𝚤̂ ½

1 q
V
4 0 r ½

V  V  q  V q

55/1/1 Page 13 of 24
 1  q q  ½
V 
4 0  (x  a ) (x  a ) 


q x  a  x  a 

4 0  (x 2  a 2 ) 

q 2a p
V  
4 0 (x  a ) 4 0 (x 2  a 2 )
22

As p is along x-axis, so

1 p . iˆ ½
V 
4 0 (x 2  a 2 )

If x>>a
 ½
1 p . iˆ
V 
4 0 x 2

Alternatively:

1 q q 
V    ----- (i) ½
4 0  r1 r2 

55/1/1 Page 14 of 24
 By geometry

r12  r 2  a 2  2ar cos

r22  r 2  a 2  2ar cos

 2acos a 2 
r12  r 2 1   2
 r r 

 2a cos   ½
 r 2 1  
 r 

2a cos   ½

r2 2
 r 1 
2

Similarly,  r 

a
Using binomial theorem & retaining terms upto the first order in ; we
r
obtain
1

1 1 2a cos   2 1 a 
 1    1  cos   ----- (ii)
r1 r  r  r r 

1

1 1 2a cos   2 1 a 
 1    1  cos   ----- (iii)
r2 r  r  r r 

Using equations (i) ,(ii) & (iii) & p = 2qa

q 2a cos  p cos 
V 
4 0 r2 4 0r 2
½

p cos   p . rˆ

As r is along the x – axis.
  ½
 p . rˆ  p . iˆ
 ˆ
 V  1 p .i
4 0 x 2

55/1/1 Page 15 of 24
 (ii)

Charge on sphere S1 :

Q1 = surface charge density  surface Area

2 
=  109   4 (1  10 2 )2
 

= 8  1013 C
½
Charge on sphere S2 :

Q2 = surface charge density  surface Area

2 
=  109   4 ( 3  102 )2
  

= 72  1013 C ½

When connected by a thin wire they acquire a common potential V and

the charge remains conserved.

Q1  Q 2  Q1  Q 2 ½

 C1V  C 2V

Q1  Q 2  (C1  C2 )V
Q1  Q 2
Common potential(V) 
C1  C 2
1 1
C1  4 0r1   10 2   10 11 F
9  10 9
9
1 1
C 2  4 0r2   3  10 2   10 11 F
9  10 9
3
13
80  10
V   1.8V
1 1 11
½
    10
9 3
1
𝑄  C1V   10 11  1.8
9 ½
𝑄  2  10 12 C

55/1/1 Page 16 of 24
 Alternatively:

Charge on sphere S1 :

Q1 = surface charge density  surface Area

2 
=  109   4 (1  10 2 )2
 

= 8  1013 C ½

Charge on sphere S2 :

Q2 = surface charge density  surface Area

2 
=  109   4 ( 3  102 )2
 

= 72  1013 C ½

When connected by a thin wire they acquire a common potential V and

the charge remains conserved.

Q1  Q 2  Q1  Q 2 ½

= ½

On solving, 𝑄  2  10 12 C ½
5

32.
(a)
(i) Deriving expression for impedance 2
(ii) Reason 1
(iii) Inductance of coil 2

55/1/1 Page 17 of 24
 (i)

VC + VR =V ½

v m2  v rm
2
 v cm
2

vr m  im R

vcm  im X c
½
v m2  (im R )2  (im Xc )2

i m2 R 2  X c2 
=
½
vm
 im 
R 2  X c2

 Impedance Z  R 2  X c2 ½

(ii) For direct current (dc), an inductor behaves as a conductor.

As XL = ωL = 2π ν L
1
For dc ν = 0  XL= 0

Alternatively: -

LdI
Induced emf (ε) = -
dt

For dc; dI = 0  ε=0

55/1/1 Page 18 of 24
 110 ½
(iii) R= = 10 Ω
11

v r ms 220
ir ms  
R 2  X L2 100  X L2

220 ½
11 
100  X L2

220
100  X L2   20
11

Squaring both sides:

 100  X L2  400
½
 X L2  300  X L  10 3 

X L  2 fL  10 3  2  50  L

½
3
L = H
10

OR

(b)

(i) Labelled diagram of step – up transformer 1

Describing working principle ½
Three causes 1½
(ii) Explanation 1
(iii) (1) Output voltage across secondary coil ½

(2) Current in primary coil ½

55/1/1 Page 19 of 24
 (i)

OR

The working principle of transformer is mutual induction.

When an alternating voltage is applied to the primary, the resulting current ½

produces an alternating magnetic flux which links the secondary and
induces an emf in it.

Causes of energy losses (Any three)

(a) Flux leakage

(b) Resistance of the windings

(c) Eddy currents

55/1/1 Page 20 of 24
 ½+½+½
(d) Hysteresis
½
(ii) No
½
Current changes correspondingly. So, the input power is equal to the
output power.

(iii)

(1)

Vs N s

VP N P

Ns 3000
Vs   VP   90
NP 200
½
Vs  1350 V

(2)

IP Ns

Is NP

½ 5
3000
IP   2  30 A
200

33.
(a)
(i) Graph showing variation of angle of deviation with angle of
incidence 1
Defining angle of minimum deviation 1
sin( A   )
n
(ii) Proof of refractive index sin A 1

(iii) (1) Finding angle of minimum deviation 1

(2) Angle of Incidence 1

55/1/1 Page 21 of 24
 (i)

Minimum deviation angle is defined as the angle at which angle of 1

incidence is equal to the angle of emergence.

Alternatively
At minimum deviation refracted ray inside the prism becomes parallel
to the base of the prism.

(ii)

At the face XZ :- ½
 sin i  1  sin r ----- (1)
r=i+δ [ from diagram] ----- (2)
In ΔXMN ; A+( 90 –i) + 90 =180

55/1/1 Page 22 of 24
  A=i ----- (3)
Putting eq. (3) & (2) in eq. (1)
 sin A  sin ( A   ) ½
sin ( A   )

sin A

(iii)
 A  m 
sin  
 2 
(1) 
A
sin
2
 60  m 
sin  
 2 
2 ½
sin 30
 60   m  1
 sin    sin 45
 2  2
60   m ½
 45   m  30
2
A  m ½
(2) i
2
60  30
i 
2
i  45 ½

OR

(b)
(i) Statement of Huygens’ Principle ½
Construction of reflected wave front ½
Proof of angle of reflection is equal to angle of incidence 1
(ii) Definition of coherent sources ½
Explanation 1
(iii) Finding the unknown wavelength 1½

(i) Each point of the wavefront is the source of a secondary disturbance and
the wavelets emanating from these points spread out in all directions with
the spread of the wave. Each point of the wavefront is the source of a

55/1/1 Page 23 of 24
 secondary disturbance and the wavelets emanating from these points
spread out in all directions with the speed of the wave. These wavelets
emanating from the wavefront are usually referred to as secondary ½
wavelets and if we draw a common tangent to all these spheres, we
obtain the new position of the wavefront at a later time.

ΔEAC is congruent to ΔBAC; so i  r 1

(ii) Two sources are said to be coherent if the phase difference between ½
them does not change with time.

No, two independent sodium lamps cannot be coherent. ½

Two independent sodium lamps cannot be coherent as the phase between

them does not remain constant with time. ½
(iii)
4 2  5 1
D  D
4  5  known ½
d d
5
    known
4
5
  520
4
= 650 nm 1 5

55/1/1 Page 24 of 24