LAPORAN PENELITIAN

TAHUN ANGGARAN 2024

JUDUL
Design of Serious Game Intelligent Transportation System (SGITS) Based on
Internet of Thing

Nomor DIPA : DIPA-025.04.2.423812/2024

Tanggal : 24 November 2024
Satker : (423812) UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang
Kode Kegiatan : (2132) Peningkatan Akses, Mutu, Relevansi dan Daya Saing Pendidikan
Tinggi Keagamaan Islam
Kode Output Kegiatan : (BGC) Tata Kelola Kelembagaan Publik Bidang Pendidikan
Sub Output Kegiatan : (001) PTKIN Yang Meningkat Kualitas Layanan Pendidikan Melalui BLU
Kode Komponen : (067) Penyelenggara Pendidikan dan Pengajaran (BLU)
Kode Sub Komponen : (SE) Penelitian Pengembangan Kolaborasi Internasional (SBM)

Oleh:

Dr. Fresy Nugroho, M.T. 19710722 201101 1001 UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang
Prof. Dr. I G P Asto Buditjahjanto, M.T. 19710706 199903 1001 Universitas Negeri Surabaya
Dwi Pebrianti, M.Eng., Ph.D., SMIEEE, International Islamic University
EPE (IPU) Malaysia
Dr. Jehad Hammad Al Quds Open University Palestine
Moch Fachri, S.T., M.T. Universitas Krisnadwipayana
Tri Mukti Lestari, M.Kom 19911108 202012 2005 UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang
Dian Maharani, M.Si 19940217 202012 2001 UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang
Aji Bagas Prakasa NIM: 200605110012 UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang
Alfina Nurrahman NIM: 200605110069 UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang

KEMENTERIAN AGAMA
LEMBAGA PENELITIAN DAN PENGABDIAN KEPADA MASYARAKAT (LP2M)
UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI MAULANA MALIK IBRAHIM MALANG
2024
 KEMENTERIAN AGAMA REPUBLIK INDONESIA
UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI MAULANA MALIK IBRAHIM MALANG
LEMBAGA PENELITIAN DAN PENGABDIAN KEPADA MASYARAKAT
Kampus I: Jalan Gajayana 50 Malang 65144, Telp. (0341) 551354, Fax. (0341) 572533
Website: www.lp2m.uin-malang.ac.id E-mail: [email protected]

HALAMAN PERSETUJUAN
Laporan penelitian dengan judul “Design of Serious Game Intelligent Transportation System
(SGITS) Based on Internet of Thing”

Oleh:
Nama Peneliti dan Anggota (NIP)

Dr. Fresy Nugroho, M.T. 19710722 201101 1001 UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang
Prof. Dr. I G P Asto Buditjahjanto, M.T. 19710706 199903 1001 Universitas Negeri Surabaya
Dwi Pebrianti, M.Eng., Ph.D., SMIEEE, International Islamic University
EPE (IPU) Malaysia
Dr. Jehad Hammad Al Quds Open University Palestine
Moch Fachri, S.T., M.T. Universitas Krisnadwipayana
Tri Mukti Lestari, M.Kom 19911108 202012 2005 UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang
Dian Maharani, M.Si 19940217 202012 2001 UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang
Aji Bagas Prakasa NIM: 200605110012 UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang
Alfina Nurrahman NIM: 200605110069 UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang

Telah diperiksa dan disetujui reviewer dan komite penilai pada tanggal 20 November 2024

Malang, 20 November 2024

Reviewer 1, Reviewer 2,

Prof. Dr. Bahtiar, M.Pd, Si Dr. Wirawan Fadly, M.Pd.

NIP. 197807192005011006 NIP. 198707092015031009

Komite Penilai,

Prof. Dr. H. Agus Maimun, M.Pd.

NIP. 19650817 199803 1 003
 KEMENTERIAN AGAMA REPUBLIK INDONESIA
UNIVERSITAS ISLAM NEGERI MAULANA MALIK IBRAHIM MALANG
LEMBAGA PENELITIAN DAN PENGABDIAN KEPADA MASYARAKAT
Kampus I: Jalan Gajayana 50 Malang 65144, Telp. (0341) 551354, Fax. (0341) 572533
Website: www.lp2m.uin-malang.ac.id E-mail: [email protected]

HALAMAN PENGESAHAN

Laporan Penelitian ini disahkan oleh Lembaga Penelitian dan Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat Universitas
Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang
Pada tanggal 20 November 2024

Peneliti

Ketua : Dr. Ir. Fresy Nugroho, ST., MT.

: 19710722 201101 1 001
:

Anggota I : Tri Mukti Lestari, M.Kom

: 19911108 202012 2 005
:

Anggota II : Dian Maharani, M.Si

: 19940217 202012 2 001
:

Ketua LP2M
UIN Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang

Prof. Dr. H. Agus Maimun, M.Pd.

NIP. 19650817 199803 1 003
1. Title:
Design of Serious Game Intelligent Transportation System (SGITS) Based on
Internet of Thing.
2. Background
The increasing mobility of modern society has led to the congestion that occurs
everyday. To reduce congestion, several researchers proposed several technological
developments; one of the technologies that are a challenge for many researchers is the
Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). This idea ensures efficient road capacity by
managing traffic lights. Among other things, traffic management is done by tensor
decomposition (Guo et al., 2024). Other researchers propose building an efficient inter-
vehicle communication system (Sheela et al., 2023). Of course, to support this effort,
it is necessary to build a road network by utilizing the 5G network (Yu, 2023). In
addition, a hybrid blockchain-based approach is proposed (Rathod & Mainkar, 2023).
Since direct implementation is costly, other researchers proposed the exploration of
simulation and optimization subject to intelligent retrieval and computer-generated
replication (L. Wang et al., 2023). The application of virtual simulation led to the idea
of artificial neural network-based digital twinning to improve ITS reliability (Kaytaz,
Ahmadian, Sivrikaya, et al., 2023).
In training ITS, some researchers propose using simulation models for
heterogeneous traffic (Singh et al., 2024). Other researchers proposed simulation for
mixed traffic flow (Zhang & Yang, 2023). Discrete event simulation is studied more
deeply for autonomous transportation systems (Zhang et al., 2023). In addition to
simulation, other researchers deepened the calibration of traffic simulation (Tran et al.,
2022). The dynamic simulation model is proposed to reduce congestion in
metropolises (Rajput & Jain, 2022). Decision tree-based ITS simulation (P. Chen,
2021). However, serious games have never been used to simulate ITS, even though
several studies show that using games for simulation is challenging and very
interesting research for researchers.
The following describes some research related to the use of games for
simulation. The research that has been done includes simulating the interaction of
vehicle behavior in a combined scenario (Li, Qiu, et al., 2024). Other researchers
deepened the application of games for business simulation (Cossa et al., 2023). Card
games are used for management simulation in the business world (Chih-Chung et al.,
2023). In addition, games are also used for urban planning simulation (Ahmed et al.,
2023). In addition, the game format for simulation is also applied as a medium for
therapy for people with autism (Kim, 2022). The game also applied to assisted driving
simulation (Johnson et al., 2022). One of the appropriate genres for ITS simulation is
serious games.
The use of serious games is proven to provide depth of experimentation and
develop mental computational skills (Cecotti et al., 2024). STEM applications have
also experienced rapid development (Sharmin et al., 2024). Regarding usability, other
researchers have studied and deepened the phenomenon (Torres et al., 2024). In
introducing digital logic, it has also been explored (Hare et al., 2024). In addition, a
modular virtual laboratory has been developed (Yücel et al., 2024). The immersive
side of serious games is also explored (Pisabarro-Marron et al., 2024). Endless Runner
is one of the most successful commercial game genres (Apptica, 2023).
From the academic side, Endless Runner has been explored as a medium for
learning math (Ghani et al., 2024). Another study designed Endless Runner in a 2-
dimensional format (Hong, 2023). Endless Runner, in the frame of serious games, is
also used as a medium for smoking cessation education through narrative elements
(Wachnata, 2023). The finite state machine method designs endless runner games
(Nendya & Redono, 2022). The procedural content generation approach is combined
with genetic algorithms for level design in the 2D endless runner genre (Muslim,
2019). Other researchers apply dynamic audio based on pure data (Darmawan, 2019).
The researcher's idea is to provide a new nuance in the world of simulation and gaming
by involving the Internet of Things (IoT).
Nowadays, the combination of simulation with IoT shows a vigorous research
trend, for example, the application of IoT for photovoltaic cell simulation (Gupta et
al., 2023). Other researchers proposed a simulation to display the performance of IoT
(Hassan et al., 2023). Another researcher proposed an extensible and reciprocal
replication for IoT utilizations (G. Chen et al., 2023). The field of research also extends
to IoT-based biological laboratory safety (Alsbou et al., 2023). In addition to IoT-
based disaster prevention simulation (Hiroi et al., 2023).
 Besides the combination of simulation and IoT, games with ioT have been
widely experimented with, including the IoT approach to online games (Castro &
Molinares, 2023). In IoT-based red and green light games (Kuo et al., 2023). Similarly,
ecosystem formation in IoT-based evolutionary games (K. Xie, 2022). In addition, the
application of computing for IoT is part of evolutionary games (Han et al., 2022). It is
also incorporated in the interactive game genre (P.-H. Chen, 2021). As for the serious
game genre for agricultural engineering, IoT-based technology has also been
developed (Tangworakitthaworn et al., 2020). The development of intrusion detection
genre games on IoT has also been explored (Khan et al., 2020).
Besides combining IoT in simulations and games, ITS has also deepened the
study of IoT, including being used for taxi passenger management (Zamani & Kalbasi,
2024). A highway design also involves IoT and artificial intelligence (Cui & Lei,
2023). Iot applied to ITS (Khalilian et al., 2023). ITS was also developed with the help
of IoT (Y. Chen, 2023). The flow prediction also involves IoT (Yan et al., 2022). This
phenomenon shows that the use of IoT is a giant leap in the field of technology.
Of the several types of IoT, one type often used as an experimental medium is
CCTV, as described in the following description—application of CCTV for
monitoring patients in the ICU room (H. Wang et al., 2024). CCTV also applies smart
trash bins (P. Sharma et al., 2023). Applications on intelligent green campuses are used
to monitor energy usage to be more effective and efficient (Sheth et al., 2021).
Intelligent parking applications also involve CCTV (Dixit et al., 2020). In addition,
observation using cameras that can move is also investigated (Rao et al., 2020).
Our proposed research combines a serious game with intelligent transportation
system content in the Endless Runner genre subject to the IoT. We describe in more
detail each of its constituent components in the relevant concepts and theories section.
Furthermore, the research methodology section describes the chosen method's design
and application.

3. Problem Formulation
While training on ITS is still done classically, namely with classroom training,
simulations in the format of serious games have never been applied. Therefore, this
research focuses on the design of attributes derived from the review of ITS theory, and
the 1st investigation issue is to analyze the feature of SGITS. The game plan to answer
this issue was to scrutiny the ITS theory and prepare several scenarios for study.
Research Question 1:
What ITS attributes are admissible in supporting SGITS?
The proposed theoretical groundwork will be generated from the existing game
exemplary, SG approach, ITS theory, and CCTV imagery. The construction of this
prospective groundwork is a theoretical groundwork for SG. The second observation
query is to determine this theoritical groundwork by reviewing all current models of
the Endless Runner genre and publication on analytical exemplary of SG.
Research Question 2:
What general groundwork can be used as a visionary guide in designing SG?
After defining the visionary groundwork for SG, an approach was needed to resolve
how this groundwork could be tried-and-true on trainer with SGITS. The trial
verification involves prototyping SGITS based on the visionary groundwork and then
using these SGITS in measurements to test training behaviors and outcomes.
4. Research Objectives
The strictly businees of this investigation are:
• To present observation into the concepts of Intelligent Transportation Systems in
serious game format based on IoT.
• To review probable advantages and disadvantages of providing knowledge in
traffic systems in serious game format based on IoT.
• To investigate and asses the versatility of serious game for modelling
transportation system based on IoT.
5. Relevant Previous Studies
Paper SG IoT ITS Sim Opt
Pokrić et al., 2015 √ √
Garcia-Garcia et al., 2017 √ √
Nima et al., 2018 √ √
Kosmides et al., 2018 √ √
Oliveri et al., 2019 √ √
Tangworakitthaworn et al., 2020 √ √
Alj et al., 2022 √ √
Srinivas et al., 2021 √ √
Kavitha et al., 2022 √ √
Sumit & Chhillar, 2022 √ √
 Y. Chen, 2023 √ √
Cui & Lei, 2023 √ √
Cui & Lei, 2023 √ √ √
He et al., 2023 √ √
Zamani & Kalbasi, 2024 √ √
Gupta et al., 2023 √ √
Hassan et al., 2023 √ √
G. Chen et al., 2023 √ √
Alsbou et al., 2023 √ √
Hiroi et al., 2023 √ √
Rajput & Jain, 2020 √ √
G. Yan & Qin, 2020 √ √
Z. Wang et al., 2023 √ √
Proposed √ √ √ √ √
Description:
SG = Serious Game
IoT = Internet of Things
ITS = Intelligent Transportation System
Sim = Simulation
Opt = Optimization

The literature study shows that the mixture of SG with IoT has been carried
out since 2015. This area attracts much interest from researchers because it is still
being developed until 2022. Furthermore, the combination of ITS and IoT has
been very intensively researched and deepened until 2024, considering the
accelerated advancement of the IoT world and the expanding complexity of ITS.
In 2023, research also began to penetrate the world of ITS optimization.
Throughout 2023, research on IoT-based simulation increased rapidly. This
phenomenon is related to the increasing application of IoT to handle increasingly
complex problems. Optimization is becoming an increasingly popular research
trend, especially when ITS is expected to provide optimal solutions. Our proposed
research provides some combinations to overcome some of the problems in ITS
by proposing a combination of serious games with simulation and optimization
based on IoT for ITS problems.

6. Relevant Concepts or Theories

a. Serious game
 Serious games are learning from the mental side through computers based on
specific rules by utilizing entertainment for training(Márquez et al., 2020)
simulations (Karadeniz et al., 2023), teaching (Karthan et al., 2023) and learning
processes (Tan et al., 2023), health world simulations (Sosa et al., 2022), policy
simulations (Kurahashi, 2019), and communication simulations (Marx &
Bichlmeier, 2023). SG has been applied to various fields to facilitate teaching and
learning and increase learning concentration (Rahimabad & Rezvani, 2020). The
main benefits of SG include providing motivation to learn (Moradi & Noor, 2022),
improving logical reasoning, and increasing the interactive (Gonçalves et al.,
2022) side of learning.
b. Endless Runner
The Endless Runner game genre is the right choice because this game does
not contain elements of violence, pornography, and racism (Rosyid et al., 2019).
This game can also train focus and concentration to pass through obstacles (Jamil
et al., 2019). Endless runner games are a type of game that has no end, and the
player's goal is to get the highest score (Sae-Lao et al., 2020). This type of game
is to run as far as possible and pass through several obstacles to avoid defeat and
get the highest score. Endless runner games can be played at all ages because the
concept is easy to understand (Michaud et al., 2017). This type of game can be
played on Android smartphones using 2D or 3D character models.
c. Intelligent Transportation System
Intelligent transportation systems (ITS) include applications such as travel
time planning (Kaytaz, Ahmadian, Hofmann, et al., 2023), traffic flow prediction
(Chen & Chen, 2019), vehicle safety (Sharma & Battula, 2020), and route
planning (Yasay et al., 2023). The application of ITS is expected to solve the
mobility management problems (Sumit & Chhillar, 2022) of traditional and
electric vehicles, as well as peak load reduction and congestion effectively and at
a low cost. Enhanced ITS can improve prediction accuracy, effectively change
lanes in the face of congestion, and inhibit the spread of congestion (Tseng &
Ferng, 2022).
d. Internet of Things
 The Internet of Things (IoT) is the latest innovation (Pagliari et al., 2024).
The term IoT is used because it can connect sensor-based objects to the Internet
(Li, Zhang, et al., 2024). IoT consists of communication, data, computation, and
sensing of objects in a dynamic way because it is sensor-based (Xie et al., 2024).
Researchers predict that in the future when IoT is deployed in large numbers, it
will produce dynamic sensor-based data every second (Hazra et al., 2024). The
information (Kahraman et al., 2024) or data obtained is then analyzed and reported
in a format that is easy to visualize (Hussein & Ibnkahla, 2024) so that it is easy
to understand.
7. Research Methodology
The design of Serious Game Intelligent Transportation System (SG-ITS)
consists of five main parts: CCTV Placement, Traffic Congestion, Vehicle
Counting, Information for serious game and SG-ITS. The first part is CCTV
Placement. In this research, it is assumed that CCTV placement is by the standards
of the Director General of Land Transportation. This part is part of the Internet of
Things.
The second part captures the traffic congestion of vehicles when stopping at
traffic lights. Continuing this stage is the process of calculating the sum of
transportation. The sum of vehicles calculated from this image is the next stage,
where this information will be used in serious games. The last stage is the design
of SG-ITS; in this SG, players are asked to play with the Endless Runner genre.
When the player has a high achievement or score, the traffic in the SG is made
with high congestion, making it difficult for the player. If the player achieves a
low score, then the traffic in the SG is made to be quieter. This makes it easier for
players to reach higher difficulty levels.
Figure 1. Block Diagram of proposed Serious Game Intelligent Transportation
System (SGITS)

In order to design SGITS, we started with the design of the Finite State
Machine (FSM) of SGITS, as shown in Figure 2. In the FSM, the game shows
alternatives that will be displayed following the player's achievements. A1 denotes
these alternatives to A5. The alternative selection process is done by applying the
Promethee method, where Promethee calculates based on the achievement value
of each criterion. The criteria used consist of 10 criteria. The player must meet
these criteria during the game.
 Figure 2. FSM design of the proposed SGITS

In Figure 3, the SGITS menu design is shown. The menu consists of 4 main
menus: Start, High Score, Developer Team, and Quit. The Start menu has a menu
selection page and a recommendation page. On the High Score menu, there is a
high score page. For the developer team menu, there is a developer team page.
Finally, the Quit menu means exiting the game area.
Figure 4 shows the initial menu interface design, and Figure 5 shows the
design of the developer team page.
 Figure 3. SGITS menu design.

Figure 4. SGITS menu interface design

Figure 5. SGITS Developer Team page design

Internet of Things

Figure 6. Traffic counter device system design

The algorithm used to count the number of vehicles in the SBC and the graphics
processor is shown in Figure 3. The first digital image processing process, namely
background image reconstruction and subtraction, processes the input data from
the traffic video stream. Each frame fragment of the input video is reconstructed
by subtracting the background image. Background image subtraction is performed
 using the accumulated weighted method. In each frame, the pixel weights of the
input digital image are accumulated, and then a stepwise average is performed on
the image. The background image is obtained by comparing the average value of
the weights between input frames. The resulting output is an image with objects
other than the background.
After the image is subtracted, ROI (Region of Interest) segmentation is performed,
followed by rain removal and vehicle passing detection. This segmentation aims
to divide objects in the image so that the number of objects in a frame can be
calculated. Otsu threshold is used for segmentation, where the threshold value is
determined automatically based on the intensity histogram of the input image.
Fidelity Super Resolution (FSR) will perform a super sampling process on the
segmented image.
Further processing of the image is vehicle detection. Vehicle detection is
performed in the ROI area. The first process calculates the area of white pixels in
the ROI from the Otsu threshold result, representing the object in the image. Next,
the number of pixels is compared with the vehicle threshold value.
If the threshold value is exceeded, it indicates the presence of a passing vehicle.
This method uses multi-ROIs to detect vehicles in different lanes, allowing for
better detection accuracy than a single ROI.
The results of vehicle detection, the processed image after the FSR process, and
the calculation of the number of vehicles in a lane are stored in a database. This
step allows a comparison of the results with previous methods, as the raw data
from the traffic controller is also recorded in the same database. Thus, the next
stage is evaluation. At this stage, the method is evaluated by at least comparing
the results before and after applying the rain noise removal process using FSR.
8. Discussion Plan
Evaluation is the stage of testing the feasibility of the serious game created. The
system testing process uses the ISO 9126 software standard which includes
functionality, reliability, and usability (Ratna, 2021; Yulianti, 2021) and the
System Usability Scale (SUS). The number of respondents used in this study is
approximately 100 game players. After playing, each player will be given a
questionnaire. This questionnaire is SUS.
9. Research Achievements
The research achievements we have made are as follows:
In this research, the findings we obtained are:
We applied the PROMETHEE method, to determine the selection of characters to
be played by players. This will make it easier for players to achieve the highest
scores and achievements. So it is expected to increase player engagement with the
game being played. This game has an endless runner genre, with the aim that
players are easy to adapt and easy to achieve the requested mission, because this
type of game has been played very often. And the results of our research by
loading PROMETHEE, we have published in the national journal JUTIF, Sinta 3.
Here we describe some of our research results, including:
Finite state machine game:
Example of our design in game:
Our next finding is:
We designed an in-game virtual assistant, which is able to apply the ORESTE
method for character selection that matches the player's achievements. The game
we used still uses the endless runner genre, with the following main scenarios:
The finite state machine design is as follows:
And the finite state machine for each scenario:
 With the survey results:
THE PERFORMANCE OF USABILITY SURVEY
Respondent
no Question (in number) average
1 2 3 4
Learnability
1. Can players quickly understand how to use 0 1 4 5 3.4
the recommendation feature in the game
2. Do players feel that the time needed to learn 0 1 5 6 3.5
how to handling the recommendation
feature is short enough?
average 3.45
Efficiency
3. How does the second it used a users to 1 2 4 3 2.9
choose a character compare when using the
recommendation feature and when not using
the feature?
4. Do players feel that using the 0 1 4 5 3.4
recommendation feature helps them reduce
the time and effort required in selecting a
character?
average 3.15
Memorability
5. After a certain period, can players still 0 1 2 7 3.6
smoothly use the recommendation feature
again?
6. Can players easily understand and use these 0 0 6 4 3.4
features without needing the help of a
tutorial or special guide?
average 3.5
Error
7. Do players routinely experience errors or 1 2 2 5 3.1
confusion when utilizing the
recommendation feature?
8. Do players feel that any part of the 2 3 3 2 2.5
recommendation feature is confusing for
them?
average 3.3
Satisfaction
9. How satisfied are players with the character 0 2 2 6 3.4
recommendations provided by this feature?
10. Do players feel that the recommendation 0 1 2 7 3.6
feature helps them make better decisions
when choosing a character?
average 3.5
 Furthermore, we added the theme of intelligent transportation system, and the
application of iot in our game. Our goal is to give players more experience. It is
as if we are playing in a real situation on a highway that has a different density of
passing vehicles, based on CCTV camera monitoring. Our game genre still uses
endless runner. So it is a development of our two previous studies.
With the following finite state machine:

Our storyboard as follows:

Figure Expalanation
Upon first entering the game, players are
presented with the main menu which consists
of Start, Highscore, Credit and Quit.

Players can find out how to control the

character and use features such as magnets to
get more coins in Instruction page.

Players can chosee map to determine where the

player will play.
 Figure Expalanation
This page displays list of playable characters.

This page will allow player to get

recommendation character.

This is the main gameplay page.

Our CCTV video as follows:

Our testing result:
Table 1. Game Design Factor Questionnaire
No. Question
1 Game goals
1) This game features well-defined tasks and
stages
2) I know my objective in the game
3) I prefer to achieve and get best result in game
2 Game mechanism
1) The gameplay is accordance with the genre
carried
2) The rules of the game are easy to understand
3) I like the gameplay in the game
3 Interaction
1) Interaksi dalam bermain game menyenangkan
Game play and controls are clear and easy to
understand
2) In-game help and advice features are clear and
easy to understand
3) Interaction in game play is fun
4 Freedom
1) Game characters can be easily controlled by
players
5 Sensation
1) The colors and layout of the interface caught
my eye
2) The icons and functions are clear and intuitive
3) The graphics and sound in the game are
abundant
6 Game Value
1) I want to get the highest score
2) SG-ITS content becomes interesting when
added to the game.
7 Challenge
1) I feel challenged to complete the game
2) I can win the game easily
3) I want to play the advanced version of the game
8 Flow
1) I stay focused while playing games
2) I don't feel tired while playing games
3) I don't get bored while playing games
4) I don't pay attention to my surroundings while
playing games
Then we also applied the grey relational analysis method, for the selection of vehicle
types in the game, based on the player's score achievement. The higher the score
achieved by the player, the more money they earn, so the type of car will be selected
according to the amount of money they have.
Our Finite state machine design:
Our GRA block diagram as follows:
Our game screen shoot:
Black box testing:
Table 2 Blacbox Testing
Test Case ID Test 1
Module Name Selection suggestion vehicle characterss
Test Case Description Selecting vehicle characters according to the player's
abilities in the game uses the GRA method
Prerequisites Players have successfully opened the garage page on the
game page
Test Scenario The results of suggestions and display of vehicle
character selection options in the game, are presented on
the garage page based on player performance and set
criteria, using the GRA method
Testing
# Step Details Expected Actual Pass / Fail / Not
Results Results executed / Suspended
1 The GRA method The GRA As PASS
suggests an method presents Excpected
alternative vehicle alternative
character selection suggestions
display based on the
criteria and
according to the
abilities of the
players given
alternatives
 Table 3 Usability Testing
Respondent SUS score (Total x
2.5)
𝑹𝟏 100
𝑹𝟐 92,5
𝑹𝟑 100
𝑹𝟒 75
𝑹𝟓 72,5
𝑹𝟔 100
𝑹𝟕 75
𝑹𝟖 95
𝑹𝟗 65
𝑹𝟏𝟎 85
𝑹𝟏𝟏 82,5
𝑹𝟏𝟐 97,5
𝑹𝟏𝟑 80
𝑹𝟏𝟒 85
𝑹𝟏𝟓 100
𝑹𝟏𝟔 87,5
𝑹𝟏𝟕 72,5
𝑹𝟏𝟖 85
𝑹𝟏𝟗 75
𝑹𝟐𝟎 52,5
Total SUS score 1677,5
SUS average score 83,875
Furthermore, we examined the selection of the optimal difficulty level according to the
player's achievement by applying the COPRAS method. Still with the endless runner
game genre, with the hope that all the research we have done will be able to become a
complete endless runner game and can be developed for further research.
Our finite state machine design as follows:
With COPRAS block diagram as follows:
And some screenshots of our game:
Our result as follows:

Distribution of Levels in Children

14% 14%
Level 1
Level 2
29% Level 3
43% Level 4

Distribution of Levels in Adolescents

12%
25% Level 4
Level 5
25%
Level 6
Level 7
38%

Distribution of Levels in Adults

14% 14% Level 5

Level 6
Level 7
29%
43% Level 8
0% Level 9
 Table 8. Final SUS Score Results
Respondent SUS Score (Total x 2.5)
𝑹𝟏 67,5
𝑹𝟐 72,5
𝑹𝟑 95
𝑹𝟒 60
𝑹𝟓 77,5
𝑹𝟔 65
𝑹𝟕 92,5
𝑹𝟖 85
𝑹𝟗 87,5
𝑹𝟏𝟎 82,5
𝑹𝟏𝟏 90
𝑹𝟏𝟐 87,5
𝑹𝟏𝟑 47,5
𝑹𝟏𝟒 90
𝑹𝟏𝟓 90
𝑹𝟏𝟔 90
𝑹𝟏𝟕 90
𝑹𝟏𝟖 90
𝑹𝟏𝟗 87,5
𝑹𝟐𝟎 85
𝑹𝟐𝟏 70
Total SUS Score 1702,5
Average SUS Score 81,07

Table 9. Final Scores for IPQ

Category Question Total Total Percentage
Score Category per Category
General Q1 66 66 78,5
Q2 65
Q3 63
Spatial
Q4 68 329 78,3
Presence
Q5 68
Q6 65
Q7 58
Q8 53
Involvement 224 66,6
Q9 51
Q10 62
Q11 58
Q12 59
Real 244 72,6
Q13 69
Q14 58
 IPQ Scores
G
100% IPQ Presentase

80%

60%

40%

20%
REAL 0% SP

INV

We also conducted research on air quality prediction based on air pollutants, utilizing
satellite data. We applied a linear regression method to predict air quality. It is expected
that intelligent transportation systems will also take into account air quality, which is
caused by several pollutants from vehicle fumes, as well as fumes produced by
factories. Our research flow as follows:
With the following test scenario:

With the following research results:

Tabel 1 Hasil Evaluasi Model dengan Normalisasi
Model MAE MSE RMSE
Model 1
86,82527641136865 11417,131300788868 106,85097706988395
(75%:25%)
Model 2
83,83957904259945 11140,332314620859 105,5477726653711
(80%:20%)
Model 3
93,99779032292813 12929,743349831315 113,70902932411003
(90%:10%)

Tabel 2 Hasil Evaluasi Model Tanpa Normalisasi

Model MAE MSE RMSE
Model 1
86,82527641136866 11417,131300788871 106,85097706988395
(75/25)
Model 2
83,83957904259947 11140,332314620859 105,5477726653711
(80/20)
Model 3
93,99779032292811 12929,743349831317 113,70902932411003
(90/10)
1) Publication in national journal, Sinta 3, JUTIF : → status published.

2) Intellectual Property Rights Certification : → status published.

3) ICONMAA 2024, International Conference on Mathematical Analysis

and Its Applications 2024, ITB Ganesha Campus, 31 July - 2 August 2024
→ status published.
4) The paper of ICONMAA conference were asked to extend their articles to
be submitted to reputable international journals, Q3, Journal of
Mathematical and Fundamental Sciences (SJR : 0.19) → status under
construction.

5) An article has been submitted to IJ-AI (International Journal of Artificial

Intelligence), an international reputable journal with Scopus index, Q3,
(SJR: 0.37) → status submit.
6) An article has been submitted to JOIV : International Journal on
Informatics Visualization, an international reputable journal indexed by
Scopus, Q3, (SJR: 0.21) → status re-submit setelah revisi awal.
7) An article has been submitted to Register(Jurnal Ilmiah Teknologi Sistem
Informasi), an international reputable journal indexed by Scopus, Q3,
(SJR: 0.24) → status submit.

8) An article has been submitted to Kinetik : : Game Technology, Information

System, Computer Network, Computing, Electronics, and Control,
National Journal, an National reputable journal indexed by Sinta 2, →
status submit.
9) An article has been submitted to JisKa (Jurnal Informatika Sunan
Kalijaga) : National Journal, an National reputable journal indexed by
Sinta 3, → status submit.
 10) Ebook → status under construction.

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Pembuatan terrain dan lingkungan game Traffict Runner: Serious Game Intelligent Transportation
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Pendampingan dalam membuat user interface game di unity 3D

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