RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT( CH-I GEOGRAPHY)

I MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS:

1. Black soil is composed of extremely :
?a) rocky material b)clayey material c)sandy material
2. Arid soil’s colour changes from:
a) red to brown b)yellow to red c)brown to yellow
3. Soils are not classified on the basis of :
a) regions b)age c)colour
4. The process of transformation of things available in our environment involves an
interdependent
relationship between i)nature ii)technology iii) institutions
a) I and ii b)ii and iii c)I, ii and iii
5. Widely spread strategy for judicious use of resources is
a)development of resources b)management of resources c)planning of resources
6. Maximum of waste land is covered by :
a)Saline and alkaline land b)wind eroded land c)water eroded land
ANSWERS: 1.B,2.A,3.A,4.C,5.C,6.C
II DEFINITIONS:
1. Resources:- Everything in our environment which can be used to satisfy our needs,
provided it is
technologically accessible, economically feasible and culturally acceptable is termed as
resource
2. Sustainable development:- It means that development should take place without
damaging the
environment and development in the present should not compromise the needs of the future
development.
3. Resource planning:- It is a widely accepted strategy for the judicious use of resources. For
eg Arunachal
Pradesh is rich in water resources but lacks in infrastructural development, so planning is
required to
develop infrastructure facilities.
4. Conservation of resources:- It is defined as the management of resources by the humans
which aims at
satisfying the aims of the present generations as aspirations of the future generations.
5. Net sown area:- Area sown once in a year is known as net sown area.
6. Gross sown area:- Area sown more than once in an agricultural year plus the net sown
area is known as gross
sown area
7. Land degradation:- It is the continuous use of land over long period of time without taking
appropriate
measures to conserve and manage it.
8. Bad land:- Land unsuitable for agriculture mainly due to soil erosion. For eg. Chambal
ravines in
Madhyapradesh.
III. ANSWER IN SHORT AND LONG:-
1. “Resources are a function of human activities.” Justify the statement.
Mere presence of resources as free gifts of nature does not make them resources .Human
beings are
essential components of resources because they transform material available in our
environment into
resources. The utility of resources depends on the stage of cultural development of man and
the tools and
technology used by him.
2. Distinguish between the following:
a)Potential and Developed resources
Potential resources- Resources which are found in a region but have not been utilised.eg:
Gujarat and
Rajasthan have a lot of potential for the development of wind and solar energy , but so far
they have not
been developed fully.
Developed resources- Resources which are surveyed and their quality and quantity have
been determined
for utilisation. The development of resources depends on technology and level of their
feasibility. Eg: water
resources used for hydel power generation or irrigation purposes
b)Stock and Reserves
Stock: Materials in the environment which have the potential to satisfy human needs but
man does not have
the appropriate technology to access them are included among stock, eg. Water is a
compound of two
inflammable gases ; hydrogen and oxygen which can be used as a rich source of energy.
But we do not have
the required technical knowhow to use them for this purpose.
Reserves are the subset of the stock which can be put into use with the help of existing
technical know-how
but their full use has been postponed for meeting the future needs, eg. Forest reserves, iron
ore reserves
etc.
c)Bangar and Khadar
Bangar: It is old alluvial soil with higher concentration of kankar nodules. It is coarser and is
found in the old
river terraces.
Khadar: It is new alluvial soil which has more fine particles. It is more fertile than bngar and
is found in flood
plains.
3. Write measures to solve the problems of land degradation.
1. Afforestation
2. Management to control over grazing
3. Planting of shelter belts of plants
4. Stabilisation of sand dunes by growing thorny bushes
5. Control of mining activities
6. Proper discharge and disposal of industrial effluents and wastes after treatment.
7. Avoid over irrigation especially in dry areas.
8. Avoid over use of pesticides and fertilisers.
4. Expain three types of soil erosion.
1. Gully erosion: The running water cuts through the clayey soils and makes deep channels
called gullies.
They make the land unfit for cultivation. Such lands are called bad lands.
2. Sheet erosion : sometimes water flows as a sheet down a slope. In this case top layer if
the soil is
washed away.
3. Wind erosion: Wind blows off loose and dry soil.
5. Write four methods of soil conservation.
1. Contour ploughing: By ploughing along the contour lines water will not run down the
slopes.
2. Terrace cultivation: Steps can be cut on the slopes to restrict erosion.
3. Strip cropping: Large fields can be divided into strips. Strips of grasses are left to grow
between the
crops. This breaks the force of the wind.
4. Planting of shelter belts: The planting of trees in rows to create shelter also breaks the
force of the wind
and restricts soil
6. Why is resource planning necessary?
Planning is necessary for proper and judicious utilisation of resources.
Reasons of resource planning:
1. Resource availability is not the same in all parts of the country
2. Resources especially non renewable resources need extra care as they cannot be
renewed.
3. There is acute shortage or deficiency of some resources.