The document covers various aspects of resources and development in geography, including multiple choice questions, definitions, and short answer explanations. Key topics include types of soil, resource planning, conservation, and soil erosion. It emphasizes the importance of sustainable development and judicious resource management.
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The document covers various aspects of resources and development in geography, including multiple choice questions, definitions, and short answer explanations. Key topics include types of soil, resource planning, conservation, and soil erosion. It emphasizes the importance of sustainable development and judicious resource management.
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RESOURCES AND DEVELOPMENT( CH-I GEOGRAPHY)
I MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS:
1. Black soil is composed of extremely : ?a) rocky material b)clayey material c)sandy material 2. Arid soil’s colour changes from: a) red to brown b)yellow to red c)brown to yellow 3. Soils are not classified on the basis of : a) regions b)age c)colour 4. The process of transformation of things available in our environment involves an interdependent relationship between i)nature ii)technology iii) institutions a) I and ii b)ii and iii c)I, ii and iii 5. Widely spread strategy for judicious use of resources is a)development of resources b)management of resources c)planning of resources 6. Maximum of waste land is covered by : a)Saline and alkaline land b)wind eroded land c)water eroded land ANSWERS: 1.B,2.A,3.A,4.C,5.C,6.C II DEFINITIONS: 1. Resources:- Everything in our environment which can be used to satisfy our needs, provided it is technologically accessible, economically feasible and culturally acceptable is termed as resource 2. Sustainable development:- It means that development should take place without damaging the environment and development in the present should not compromise the needs of the future development. 3. Resource planning:- It is a widely accepted strategy for the judicious use of resources. For eg Arunachal Pradesh is rich in water resources but lacks in infrastructural development, so planning is required to develop infrastructure facilities. 4. Conservation of resources:- It is defined as the management of resources by the humans which aims at satisfying the aims of the present generations as aspirations of the future generations. 5. Net sown area:- Area sown once in a year is known as net sown area. 6. Gross sown area:- Area sown more than once in an agricultural year plus the net sown area is known as gross sown area 7. Land degradation:- It is the continuous use of land over long period of time without taking appropriate measures to conserve and manage it. 8. Bad land:- Land unsuitable for agriculture mainly due to soil erosion. For eg. Chambal ravines in Madhyapradesh. III. ANSWER IN SHORT AND LONG:- 1. “Resources are a function of human activities.” Justify the statement. Mere presence of resources as free gifts of nature does not make them resources .Human beings are essential components of resources because they transform material available in our environment into resources. The utility of resources depends on the stage of cultural development of man and the tools and technology used by him. 2. Distinguish between the following: a)Potential and Developed resources Potential resources- Resources which are found in a region but have not been utilised.eg: Gujarat and Rajasthan have a lot of potential for the development of wind and solar energy , but so far they have not been developed fully. Developed resources- Resources which are surveyed and their quality and quantity have been determined for utilisation. The development of resources depends on technology and level of their feasibility. Eg: water resources used for hydel power generation or irrigation purposes b)Stock and Reserves Stock: Materials in the environment which have the potential to satisfy human needs but man does not have the appropriate technology to access them are included among stock, eg. Water is a compound of two inflammable gases ; hydrogen and oxygen which can be used as a rich source of energy. But we do not have the required technical knowhow to use them for this purpose. Reserves are the subset of the stock which can be put into use with the help of existing technical know-how but their full use has been postponed for meeting the future needs, eg. Forest reserves, iron ore reserves etc. c)Bangar and Khadar Bangar: It is old alluvial soil with higher concentration of kankar nodules. It is coarser and is found in the old river terraces. Khadar: It is new alluvial soil which has more fine particles. It is more fertile than bngar and is found in flood plains. 3. Write measures to solve the problems of land degradation. 1. Afforestation 2. Management to control over grazing 3. Planting of shelter belts of plants 4. Stabilisation of sand dunes by growing thorny bushes 5. Control of mining activities 6. Proper discharge and disposal of industrial effluents and wastes after treatment. 7. Avoid over irrigation especially in dry areas. 8. Avoid over use of pesticides and fertilisers. 4. Expain three types of soil erosion. 1. Gully erosion: The running water cuts through the clayey soils and makes deep channels called gullies. They make the land unfit for cultivation. Such lands are called bad lands. 2. Sheet erosion : sometimes water flows as a sheet down a slope. In this case top layer if the soil is washed away. 3. Wind erosion: Wind blows off loose and dry soil. 5. Write four methods of soil conservation. 1. Contour ploughing: By ploughing along the contour lines water will not run down the slopes. 2. Terrace cultivation: Steps can be cut on the slopes to restrict erosion. 3. Strip cropping: Large fields can be divided into strips. Strips of grasses are left to grow between the crops. This breaks the force of the wind. 4. Planting of shelter belts: The planting of trees in rows to create shelter also breaks the force of the wind and restricts soil 6. Why is resource planning necessary? Planning is necessary for proper and judicious utilisation of resources. Reasons of resource planning: 1. Resource availability is not the same in all parts of the country 2. Resources especially non renewable resources need extra care as they cannot be renewed. 3. There is acute shortage or deficiency of some resources.