Computer Information

System: Business
Software Applications
Week 1: The Internet

Dominic L. Deloso
domsdel.dev
[email protected]
Week 1
The Internet
Data, Information and the Internet
Data vs Information
Data consists Raw facts, or facts that have not yet been processed to reveal their
meaning to the end user.

Information is the result of processing raw data to reveal its meaning. Information
consists of transformed data and facilitates decision making.

Knowledge is the body of information and facts about a specific subject.

Knowledge implies familiarity, awareness, and understanding of information as it
applies to an environment. A key characteristic is that new knowledge can be
derived from old knowledge.
Data vs Information
Data vs Information
Data vs Information
Data vs Information
Data vs Information

DATA PROCESS INFORMATION

Data is one of an
organization’s
most valuable assets
myaccount.google.com/dashboard
Data on customers, employees, orders,
and receipts is all vital to the existence of
a company. Tracking key growth and
performance indicators are also vital to
strategic and tactical plans to ensure https://www.facebook.com/settings?tab=
future success; therefore, an your_facebook_information
organization’s data must not be handled
lightly or carelessly.
 Data Centers

google.com/about/datacenters https://www.facebook.com/data
Networks and Internet
Computer Network
● A network, in general, is a connected system of
objects or people.
● A computer network is a collection of
computers and other devices that are
connected together to enable users to share
hardware, software, and data, as well as to
communicate electronically with each other.
The Internet
● The Internet is the largest computer network in the world
● The Internet is the physical network of computers all over
the world.
○ Inter (interconnected) and net (network)
○ Internetworking
○ International Networking
History of the Internet
October 4, 1957 – the first unmanned satellite Sputnik 1 was launched by the Soviet Union during
the cold war

DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Project Agency) in February 1958 - is an agency of the
United States Department of Defense responsible for the development of new technology for use
by the military.

ARPANET – the very first computer network

The First Four Nodes on the ARPANET (December 5, 1969)
Fifty three years ago—on December 5, 1969—the U.S. Department of Defense's Advanced
Research Projects Agency (ARPA) connected four computer network nodes

● University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA)

● The Stanford University
● University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB)
● The University of Utah
Bits
Every file in the internet is represented by Bits
(1 and 0)
Transferring Bits
Electricity
Light
Radio
G stands for GPRS (General Packet Radio Service)

E stands for EDGE (Enhanced Data Rates for GSM

Evolution)

3G Third Generation

H stands for HSPA (High speed Packet Access)

4G Fourth Generation

5G Fifth Generation

6G Sixth Generation (https://insidetelecom.com/6g-network-countries-deploy)

Transferring Bits
What is an ISP?
ISP (Internet Service Providers)
When you connect your computer to the internet,
you are connecting to a special type of server
which is provided and operated by your Internet
Service Provider (ISP).
How people access the Web
Before we look at the code used to build websites it is important to consider the different ways in which people
access the web and clarify some terminology

BROWSERS
People access websites using Software manufacturers
software called a web browser. regularly release new versions
Popular examples include of browsers with new features
Firefox, Internet Explorer, Safari, and supporting new additions
Chrome, and Opera. to languages.

In order to view a web page, It is important, however, to

users might type a web remember that many
address into their browser, computer owners will not be
follow a link from another site, running the latest versions of
or use a bookmark. these browsers.
How people access the Web

WEB SERVERS
When you ask your browser for a Some big companies run
web page, the request is sent their own web servers, but
across the Internet to a special it is more common to use
computer known as a web server the services of a web
which hosts the website. hosting company who
charge a fee to host your
site.
Web servers are special
computers that are constantly
connected to the Internet, and
are optimized to send web
pages out to people who
request them.
How people access the Web

DEVICES
People are accessing websites on
an increasing range of devices
including desktop computers,
laptops, tablets, and mobile
phones. It is important to
remember that various devices
have different screen sizes and
some have faster connections to
the web than others.
How people access the Web
SCREEN READERS
Screen readers are programs that
read out the contents of a
computer screen to a user. They
are commonly used by people
with visual impairments.

In the same way that many

countries have legislations
that require public buildings to
be accessible to those with
disabilities, many laws have
also been passed that require
websites be accessible to
those with disabilities.
IP Address & Uniform Resource Locator
Each computer on the Internet has an assigned
address, called its IP address, that identifies it on
the Internet. An IP address is a 64-bit number that
identifies a computer on the Internet.

A Uniform Resource Locator (URL) is a Web

address that specifies the exact location of a Web
page using letters and words that map to an IP
address and a location on the host.

The URL gives those who provide information over

the Internet a standard way to designate where
Internet resources such as servers and documents
are located. 69.32.133.79
Parts of a URL
Computer Information
System: Business
Software Applications
Week 2: Computer and Devices

Dominic L. Deloso
domsdel.dev
[email protected]
Why Learn About Computers and Technology?
Fifty years ago, computers were used primarily by
researchers and scientists.

Today, computers and technology are an integral

part of our lives. Experts call this trend pervasive
computing, in which few aspects of daily life remain
untouched by computers and computing
technology.
Computers in the 1970s
Computers in the early 1980s
Microcomputers—inexpensive
personal computers that you will
read about later in this
chapter—were invented and
computer use increased
dramatically.

The creation of the World Wide

Web (WWW) in the late 1980s
and the graphical Web browser in
the early 1990s started the trend
of individuals buying and using
computers for personal use.
Computing Devices in Home
Computing technologies also make it possible to have smart appliances—traditional appliances
(such as refrigerators, thermostats, or ovens) with some type of built-in computer or
communications technology that allows them to be controlled by the user via a smartphone or
the Internet, to access and display Internet information, or to perform other smart functions.

Smart homes—homes in which household tasks (such as watering the lawn, turning the air
conditioning on or off, making coffee, monitoring the security of the home and grounds, and
managing home entertainment content) are controlled by a main computer in the home or by
the homeowner remotely via a smartphone—have arrived, and they are expected to be the norm
in less than a decade.
Computing Devices in Home
Computing Devices in Education
Today’s youth can definitely be called the computing generation.

Although the amount of computer use varies from school to school and from grade level to
grade level, most students today have access to computers at school—and some schools have
completely integrated computers into the curriculum, such as by adopting e-book (electronic)
textbooks that run on school-owned portable computers, or allowing students to bring in
computers or smartphones to use in class (referred to as BYOD or Bring Your Own Device).
Computing Devices in Education
Computing Devices on the Job
Computing Devices on the Go
In addition to using computers in the home, at
school, and on the job, most people encounter
and use all types of computing devices in other
aspects of day-to-day life.

For example, it is common for consumers to use

consumer kiosks (small self-service
computer-based stations that provide information
or other services to the public, including those
used for ATM transactions and bridal registries),
point-of-sale (POS) systems (such as those
found at most retail stores to check customers
out, and self-checkout systems (which allow retail
store customers to scan their purchases and pay
for them without a salesclerk) in retail stores and
other public locations.
Mcdonald’s Kiosk
ATM Machines
P.O.S. System
Restaurant iPad Ordering Systems
This new trend of using iPads
and e-menus to have customers
place their orders in restaurants
is growing rapidly.

In addition to enabling
customers to place their orders
at their convenience without
waiting for a server, it also
allows the restaurant to provide
more resources to customers
(such as photographs of menu
items, pairing suggestions for
appetizers and drinks, and so
forth).
What is a Computer?
A computer is a programmable, electronic device
that accepts data, performs operations on that
data, presents the results, and stores the data or
results as needed. The four operations described in
this definition are considered the four primary
operations of a computer.

Input—entering data into the computer.

Processing—performing operations on the data.

Output—presenting the results.

Storage—saving data, programs, or output for future use.

The Information processing cycle
What is a Computer?
Because a computer is programmable, it will do whatever the instructions—called the
program—tell it to do. The programs used with a computer determine the tasks the computer
is able to perform.

This progression of input, processing, output, and storage is sometimes referred to as the IPOS cycle
or the information processing cycle. In addition to these four primary computer operations, today’s
computers almost always perform communications functions, such as sending or retrieving data via
the Internet, accessing information located in a shared company database, or exchanging data or
e-mail messages with others. Therefore, communications—technically an input or output operation,
depending on which direction the information is going—is often considered the fifth primary
computer operation.
Computer System Types
Computer System Types
General-purpose computer systems can be divided into two major
groups: systems used by one user at a time and systems used by
multiple concurrent users

● Single-user computer system

● Multiple-user computer system
Single-user
computer
systems
Multiple-user computer systems
Mobile Computers
Many computer manufacturers offer a variety of mobile computers small
enough to be carried easily. Mobile computers include:

● Smartphones
● Laptops
● Notebooks/Ultrabooks
● Tablets
Smartphones
Smartphones employ a combination
chipset called a system on a chip which
includes processor cores, RAM and ROM
memory, interface controllers, and voltage
regulators.

With system on a chip, all the critical

components of the smartphone are located
in a relatively small area, making the device
faster and more energy efficient and
reducing assembly costs.
Laptops, Notebooks, and Tablets
A laptop is a personal computer designed for use by mobile users, being small
and light enough to sit comfortably on a user’s lap.

● Notebook and Ultrabook

Tablets are portable, lightweight computers that can come with or without a
keyboard and allow you to roam the office, home, or factory floor, carrying the
device like a clipboard.
Thin Clients, Desktops, and Workstations
A thin client is a
low-cost, centrally
managed computer
with no internal or
external attached
drives for data
storage.
Thin Clients, Desktops, and Workstations
Desktop computers are
single-user computer
systems that are highly
versatile. Named for their
size, desktop computers can
provide sufficient computing
power, memory, and storage
for most business computing
tasks.
Thin Clients, Desktops, and Workstations
Workstations are
more powerful than
personal computers
but still small
enough to fit on a
desktop.
Wearables
Servers, Mainframes, and Supercomputers
A server is a computer
employed by many users to
perform a specific task, such
as running network or Internet
applications.
Servers, Mainframes, and Supercomputers
A mainframe computer is a
large, powerful computer
shared by dozens or even
hundreds of concurrent users
connected to the machine
over a network.
Servers, Mainframes, and Supercomputers
Supercomputers are the most
powerful computers with the fastest
processing speed and highest
performance.

For example, Procter & Gamble uses

supercomputers in the research and
development of many of its leading
commercial brands, such as Tide and
Pampers, to help develop detergent
with more soapsuds and improve the
quality of its diapers.
What is an Information System?
An information system (IS) is a set of interrelated components that collect,
process, store, and disseminate data and information; an information system
provides a feedback mechanism to monitor and control its operation to make sure
it continues to meet its goals and objectives.

Manual Computerized
Computer-based information System(CBIS)

A computer-based information
system (CBIS) is a single set of
hardware, software, databases,
networks, people, and procedures
that are configured to collect,
manipulate, store, and process data
into information.
Manual vs
Computer-Based
Information
System
Components of a CBIS
An organization’s
technology
infrastructure includes
all the hardware,
software, databases,
networks, people, and
procedures that are
configured to collect,
manipulate, store, and
process data into
information.
Components of a CBIS
1. Data is the raw material that an information system transforms into useful
information.
a. Example: Name, Address, Birthdate
2. Software refers to the programs that control the hardware and produce the
desired information or results.
3. Hardware consists of everything in the physical layer of the information system.
a. Networks
b. Mobile Devices
c. Telecommunications Equipment
4. People: The persons that supply data to the ICT system. They also make
judgements and decisions from the output supplied from the system.
a. Ex. Programmer, Customer, Cashier
5. Processes/Procedures: Processes describe the tasks and business functions that
users, managers, and IT
Hardware
Hardware
Hardware consists of computer
equipment used to perform
input, processing, storage, and
output activities.
System Unit
Motherboard
Motherboard
The motherboard is the main circuit
board of your computer and is also
known as the mainboard or logic
board. If you ever open your computer,
the biggest piece of silicon you see is
the motherboard.

Attached to the motherboard, you'll find

the CPU, ROM, memory RAM
expansion slots, PCI slots, and USB
ports.
MOBO
CPU
CPU
The central processing unit (CPU)
or simply processor is the part of
a computer that sequences and
executes instructions.

Each processor produces a series of

electronic pulses at a predetermined
rate, called the clock speed, which
governs the speed at which these steps
are completed. Clock speed is measured
in gigahertz (GHz), which is a unit of
frequency that is equal to one billion
cycles per second.
Central Processing Unit
Central Processing Unit
RAM
RAM
Memory
Memory (Primary Storage)
Main memory provides the CPU with
a working storage area for program
instructions and data.

Data is stored in memory as a

combination of on or off circuit
states. Usually, 8 bits are used to
represent a character, such as the
letter A. Eight bits together form a
byte.
Types of Memory
Read-only memory (ROM), another type of Instructions or data can be temporarily
memory, is nonvolatile, meaning that its stored in and read from random access
contents are not lost if the power is turned memory (RAM).
off or interrupted.
● Static random access memory
ROM provides permanent storage for data (SRAM)
and instructions that do not change, such ● Dynamic random access memory
as programs and data from the computer (DRAM)
manufacturer, including the instructions ● Double data rate synchronous
that tell the computer how to start up dynamic random access memory
when power is turned on. (DDR SDRAM)
○ DDR2, DDR3, and DDR4
 Read-only Memory (ROM) Random Access Memory (RAM)
Read Only & Permanent Read and Write & Temporary

Permanent Instructions Temporary Messages and Instructions

● How to turn on the computer ● Unsaved files and documents
● How to print ● Writing a facebook status
● How to save ● Uploading photos
● How to copy
● How to open a program
Hard
Drive
SSD
Secondary Storage Devices
Secondary Data Storage Devices
A Secondary Storage is a
device that stores large
amounts of data, instructions,
and information more
permanently than allowed with
main memory.
Magnetic Secondary Storage Devices
Magnetic tape is a type of
secondary storage medium,
which is frequently used for
storing backups of critical
organizational data in the
event of a disaster.
Magnetic Secondary Storage Devices
A hard disk drive (HDD) is a
direct access storage device
used to store and retrieve data
from rapidly rotating disks
coated with magnetic material.
Optical Secondary Storage Devices
An optical storage device uses
special lasers to read and write
data. The lasers record data by
physically burning pits in the
disc.
Solid State Secondary Storage Devices
A solid state storage device (SSD) stores data in memory chips rather than on hard disk
drives or optical media. These memory chips require less power and provide much
faster data access than magnetic data storage devices.
Input Devices
Common Personal Computer Input Devices
A keyboard and a computer mouse are
common devices used for entry and
input of data, such as characters, text,
and basic commands.

A drawing pad and integrated

keyboard can replace a traditional
keyboard and mouse for input.
Speech-Recognition Technology
Using speech-recognition technology,
a computer can interpret human
speech as an alternative means of
providing data or instructions
Scanning Devices
Scanning devices capture image and
character data.
Motion-Sensing Input Devices
The major video game makers
Microsoft, Nintendo, and Sony all have
game controllers based on
motion-sensing input devices.
Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR) Devices

In the 1950s, the banking industry was

becoming swamped with paper
checks, loan applications, bank
statements, and so on. The result was
the development of magnetic ink
character recognition (MICR), a
system for reading banking data
quickly. With MICR, data is placed on
the bottom of a check or other form
using a special magnetic ink.
Chip Cards

Credit cards with chips employ the

EMV (Europay, Mastercard, Visa)
global standard for enabling chip
cards to work at point-of-sale systems
and automated teller machines.
Point-of-Sale Devices

Point-of-sale (POS) devices are

devices used to capture data. They are
frequently used in retail operations to
enter sales information into computer
systems.

The POS device computes the total

charges, including tax
Automated Teller Machine (ATM) Devices

The automated teller machine (ATM),

another type of special-purpose input/
output device, is a terminal that bank
customers use to perform
transactions with their bank accounts.
Bar-Code Scanners

A bar-code scanner employs a laser

scanner to read a bar-coded label and
pass the data to a computer. The
bar-code reader may be stationary or
handheld to support a wide variety of
uses.
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Devices

Radio frequency identification (RFID)

is a technology that employs a
microchip with an antenna to
broadcast its unique identifier and
location to receivers.

The purpose of an RFID system is to

transmit data by a mobile device,
called a tag , which is read by an RFID
reader and processed according to the
needs of a computer program.
Touch Screens

Advances in screen technology

allow display screens to function
as input as well as output devices.
Output Devices
Display Screens

The display screen is a device

used to show the output from the
computer.
Display Screens
Printers

The two main types of printers are

laser printers and inkjet printers,
and they are available with
different speeds, features, and
capabilities
3D Printers

3D print technology is making it

possible to print objects ranging
from everyday objects to houses.
3D Printers
Concrete House 3D Printer
Computer Information
System: Business
Software Applications
Week 2: Computer and Devices

Dominic L. Deloso
domsdel.dev
[email protected]
Software
An Overview of Software
Software consists of computer programs that control the workings of
computer hardware.

Software can be divided into two types: systems software and application
software.

● System software includes operating systems, utilities, and middleware

that coordinate the activities and functions of the hardware and other
programs throughout the computer system.
● Application software consists of programs that help users solve particular
computing problems.
System Software
The primary role of system software is to control the operations of computer
hardware.

System software also supports the problem-solving capabilities of application

programs.

● System software can be divided into three types:

○ operating systems
○ utility programs, and
○ middleware
Operating System
An operating system (OS) is a
set of programs that controls a
computer’s hardware and acts
as an interface with application
software;
Operating System
Functions Performed by the Operating
System

● Booting the Computer

● Interfacing with Users
● Configuring Devices
● Managing Network Connections
● File Management
● Security
Booting
the
Computer
Interfacing
Users
Configuring
Devices
Managing
Network
Connections
File
Management
Security
Apps
Application Software
Proprietary software and off-the-shelf software are two important types of
application software.

● Proprietary software is a type of software that can be used only by

obtaining license from its developer.
○ Ex: Microsoft Windows, Adobe Photoshop
● Off-the-shelf software is produced by software vendors to address needs
that are common across businesses, organizations, or individuals.
○ Ex: Gmail, Messenger, Facebook, Instagram
Software Ownership Rights
The ownership rights of a software program specify the allowable use of that
program.

When a software program is purchased, the buyer is not actually buying the
software. Instead, the buyer is acquiring a software license that permits him or
her to use the software. This license, also called an end user license
agreement (EULA), specifies the conditions under which a buyer can use the
software, such as the number of devices on which it may be installed.
Application Software
Open source software. Software programs made up of source code that is
made available to the public.

Commercial software. Copyrighted software that is developed, usually by a

commercial company, for sale to others.

Shareware. Copyrighted software that is distributed on the honor system;

consumers should either pay for it or uninstall it after the trial period.

Freeware. Copyrighted software that may be used free of charge.

Installed vs Cloud
Software also differs in how it is accessed by the end user.

Installed software. Software that must be installed on a computer in order to

be used.

Cloud software. Software that is delivered on demand via the Web; also
referred to as Web-based software, Software as a Service (SaaS), and
cloudware.
Software as a Service (SaS)
Workers in many organizations
operate in a cloud-computing
environment in which software,
data storage, and other services
are provided over the Internet
(“the cloud”); the services are run
on another organization’s
computer hardware, and both
software and data are easily
accessed over the Internet.
Software as a Service
Personal Application Software

A software suite is a collection of programs packaged together and sold in a

bundle.
Common
Shortcut Keys
A combination of
keyboard keys that are
pressed in unison to
issue a specific software
command
Software Issues and Trends
Software Bugs
A software bug is a defect in a
computer program that keeps it from
performing as its users expect it to
perform.

While some bugs are subtle—allowing

errors to creep into your work
undetected—other bugs are very
obvious, causing programs to
terminate unexpectedly
THE “MOTH-ER” OF ALL BUGS
After finding a moth inside the Harvard
Mark II computer on September 9th,
1947 at 3:45 p.m., Grace Murray
Hopper logged the first computer bug
in her log book. She wrote the time and
the sentence: “First actual case of bug
being found”.
COBOL - The first Computer Language
In 1959 COBOL (short for “common
business-oriented language”) was
introduced as the first standardized
general business computer language.
Although many people contributed to the
“invention” of COBOL, Hopper promoted
the language and its adoption by both
military and private-sector users

It was developed by Grace Murray Hopper

(The first computer programmer).
PayPal accidentally credits man $92 quadrillion
Gangnam Style music video 'broke' YouTube view limit
Copyrights and Licenses
When something is created it immediately In other cases, users pay based on usage: If
becomes the property of the author who you use the software more, you pay more.
created the work (unless it is a work for hire or
you are a student and then your employer or Most of these protections prevent you from
school typically claims copyright). copying software and giving it to others.

As a result, most software products are Some software now requires that you register
protected by law using copyright or licensing or activate it before it can be fully used. This
provisions. requirement is another way software
companies prevent illegal distribution of their
products.
Copyrights in the Philippines

http://web.nlp.gov.ph/nlp/?q=node/646
IP in the Philippines

https://www.ipophil.gov.ph/
 The name is a combination of words. The Microsoft (the word being a portmanteau of
“Net” is derived from the word Internet and "microcomputer software") was founded by Bill Gates
“Flix” is a shortened version of the word flicks and Paul Allen on April 4, 1975, to develop and sell
– a synonym for movie. Put them together BASIC interpreters for the Altair 8800.
and you get why Netflix is called…Netflix.
How long does a copyright lasts?
In the Philippines, copyright protection for
artistic, literary and derivative works lasts
during the lifetime of the author plus 50 years
after the author's death. This term of
protection also applies to posthumous works.