6-5 Forces – Trilogy

1.0 The distance taken for a car to stop after an emergency depends on two things:

The thinking distance: how far the car travels while the driver processes the information.

The braking distance: how far the car travels after the driver presses the break.

1.1 Each distance is affected by different factors.

Tick the boxes to show whether each factor affects the thinking distance, the braking
distance or both.
[2 marks]

Thinking Braking
Factor Both
distance distance
Speed of car
Water on road
Driver’s tiredness
Driver’s alcohol consumption
Condition of car’s brakes

Page 1

This document is licensed to Ackworth School - MB163251

1.2 Figure 1 shows part of a displacement-time graph of a car journey.

Figure 1

Displacement (m)

Time (s)

Complete the gaps with letters from the diagram.

[4 marks]

The car was moving forwards between ____ and ____.

The car was stationary between ____ and ____.

The car is moving slowest between ____ and ____.

The car was moving backwards between ____ and ____.

1.3 What is the difference between speed and velocity?

Put ticks in the boxes.

[2 marks]

Speed Velocity

Has size

Has direction

Scalar

Vector

Page 2

This document is licensed to Ackworth School - MB163251

1.4 On the axes below, draw a velocity-time graph for a car that:

● Moves at constant velocity

● Slows down

● Stops
[3 marks]

Velocity (m/s)

Time (s)

Page 3

This document is licensed to Ackworth School - MB163251

2.0 A student wants to measure the spring constant of a spring.

The equipment she uses is shown in Figure 2.

The scale measures distance in cm.

Figure 2

2.1 Explain why the mark for 0 cm is slightly below the top of the spring in the Figure 2.
[1 mark]

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

2.2 As the student carries out the experiment, her head moves slightly up and down when
taking readings.

State the type of error this movement would have caused.

[1 mark]

_____________________________________________________________________

Page 4

This document is licensed to Ackworth School - MB163251

2.3 How does the pointer make the measurement of length more accurate?
[1 mark]

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

2.4 Explain how the student could use the equipment in Figure 2 to measure the spring
constant of the spring.
[4 marks]

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

2.5 The student found that the spring constant of the spring was 15.6 N/m.

Calculate the extension of the spring if the energy stored in it was 1.95 J.

Give your answer to 2 significant figures.

[3 marks]

Extension = _________ cm

Page 5

This document is licensed to Ackworth School - MB163251

3.0 Figure 3 shows a person using a device called a jetpack. Water is forced downwards
from the jetpack and produces an upwards force on the person.

Figure 3

3.1 Explain why the jetpack moves upwards when water is forced downwards.

Include reference to the relevant law of physics in your answer.

[3 marks]

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

Page 6

This document is licensed to Ackworth School - MB163251

3.2 Read the following information.

Combined mass of jetpack and person 84 kg

Upwards force from water 1900 N
Starting velocity 0.0 m/s
Acceleration due to gravity, g 9.8 m/s2

Calculate the maximum speed the person reaches after moving 5 m upwards.

In your answer:

● Calculate the combined weight of the jetpack and person

● Calculate the resultant force on the jetpack

● Calculate the acceleration of the jetpack and person

● Use v2 = u2 + 2as to calculate the maximum velocity of the person.

Use two significant figures at each step in your calculation.

Show your working.

[6 marks]

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

Maximum velocity = ________ m/s

Page 7

This document is licensed to Ackworth School - MB163251

MARK SCHEME

Qu No. Extra Information Marks

1.1 Allow ticks in Thinking distance and 2
Braking distance instead of both.

All five ticks correct: 2 marks

3 or 4 ticks correct: 1 mark

1.2 A and C Both points required for each mark. 1

C and D 1
B and C 1
D and F 1
1.3 1 mark for Speed 2
1 mark for Velocity

1.4 Horizontal line above the x axis 1

Line drops to x axis Allow curved or straight line. 1
Line continues along x axis Do not allow vertical line 1

Page 8

This document is licensed to Ackworth School - MB163251

Qu No. Extra Information Marks
2.1 To allow for size of spring / to measure 1
extension of the spring
2.2 Random error 1
2.3 Easier to read the scale / smaller parallax 1
2.4
Level 2: A detailed and coherent description of how to measure the spring constant. Answer 3-4
includes multiple measurements and uses the gradient of a graph.
Level 1: A simple description of how to measure the spring constant. Likely to only include one 1-2
reading and make reference to F = kx.
No relevant content 0
Indicative content
Change weight on spring
Measure extension for each weight
Reference to table of results
Plot graph of extension (y-axis) against weight (x-axis) (or vice versa)
Gradient is 1 / spring constant (or gradient is spring constant if axes swapped)
Reference to F = kx / Hooke’s law
2.5
𝐸
𝑥=√ 1
0.5 𝑘

1.95
=√ Allow 2 marks for an answer of 0.25 m / 1
7.8
25cm (student has forgotten to square
root)

= 0.5 m / 50 cm Award 2 marks for 50 cm 1

Award 2 marks for correct answer to
more than 2 significant figures.

Qu No. Extra Information Marks

3.1 Newton’s third law 1
Jetpack forces the water down 1
So water exerts an equal (magnitude) and 1
opposite (direction) force on the jetpack (so
it moves up)
3.2 Combined weight = 84 × 9.8 = 820 N 1
Resultant force = 1900 – 820 = 1100 N 1
Acceleration = F/m = 1100 / 84 1
= 13 m/s2 1
v2 = u2 + 2as = 0 + 2 x 13 x 5 = 130 1
v = 11 m/s 1

Page 9

This document is licensed to Ackworth School - MB163251