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SQL_DAY1&2NOTES

SQL, or Structured Query Language, is used for database communication and involves CRUD operations: Create, Read, Update, and Delete. A Database Management System (DBMS) manages databases and ensures security and authorization, while a Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) organizes data in tables. The relational model, designed by E.F. Codd, allows data to be stored in a structured format of rows and columns.

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4 views

SQL_DAY1&2NOTES

SQL, or Structured Query Language, is used for database communication and involves CRUD operations: Create, Read, Update, and Delete. A Database Management System (DBMS) manages databases and ensures security and authorization, while a Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) organizes data in tables. The relational model, designed by E.F. Codd, allows data to be stored in a structured format of rows and columns.

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vanidhote123
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© © All Rights Reserved
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SQL DAY 1 & DAY 2 NOTES

WHAT IS SQL?
➢ SQL stands for Structured Query Language.
➢ It is used for communication with the database.
DATA
Data is a raw-fact which describes the attributes of an Entity.
Examples:
1) Person - entity
Attributes and data(in red) of a person
First name: Rohan
Surname: Singh
Phone number: 9876543210
Dob: 14-MAY-199X
Gender: MALE

2) Laptop - entity
Attributes and data (in red) of a laptop
Brand: Dell
RAM: 8gb
Touch: no
Storage: 1 TB

3) Water Bottle - entity


Attributes and data (in red) of a water bottle
Height: 20 cms
Color: blue
Capacity: 500 ml

DATABASE :

Database is a place or a medium in which we store the data in a systematic and organized manner.

➢ The basic operations that can be performed on a database are


▪ CREATE / INSERT
▪ READ / RETRIEVE
▪ UPDATE / MODIFY
▪ DELETE / DROP

➢ These operations are referred as CRUD Operations.


COMPUTER DATABASE

You have saved

HARD DISK
a PPT in your
computer

PEN DRIVE

DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ( DBMS )

It is a software which is used to maintain and manage the database


➢ DBMS provides 2 important features i.e Security and Authorization.

Software
DATA SECURITY & AUTHORISATION

Database QUERY LANGUAGE

DBMS SOFTWARE

➢ We use query language to communicate or interact with DBMS


➢ DBMS stores the data in the form of files.

Example:

FILE A FILE B FILE C


RELATIONAL DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM( RDBMS )

➢ It is a type of DBMS software in which we store the data in the form of rows and
columns(tables).
➢ It also provides 2 important features i.e security and authorization.
➢ We use SQL to communicate or interact with RDBMS
➢ RDBMS stores the data in the form of Tables.

Software
SECURITY &
AUTHORISATION
Data

STRUCTURED
QUERY Database
LANGUAGE

RDBMS

EXAMPLE:

EMPNO Names Sal


1 A 5000
2 B 6000
3 C 2000
4 D 1000
5 E 2000

RELATIONAL MODEL
➢ Relational Model was designed by E.F CODD.
➢ In Relational Model we can store the data in the form of tables.
➢ Any DBMS which follows Relational Model becomes RDBMS .
➢ Any DBMS which follows rules of EF CODD becomes RDBMS .

Relational RDBMS
DBMS
Model

RULES OF EF CODD
TABLE
➢ It is a logical organization of data which consists of rows and columns.

Columns / Attribute / Fields/properties

Rows/ Cell
Records/
Tuples

➢ The cell is formed by intersection of rows and columns in a table.


➢ The cell is the smallest unit in a table which stores data.

Example: EMP (TABLE)


Employee(entity)

Attributes of
EID ENAME SALARY employee:
RECORDS 1 SMITH 1000 EID, Ename,
OF DIFFERENT Salary
2 ALLEN 1500
EMPLOYEE
3 CLARK 2000

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