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Binary Search & Sorted Array
九章算法IT求职面试培训课程 第2章
www.ninechapter.com
Binary Search
Classical Binary Search
Given an sorted integer array - nums, and an
integer - target. Find the any/first/last
position of target in nums, return -1 if target
doesn’t exist.

public int binarySearch(int[] nums, int target)

How we do binary search?
start end

index 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

nums 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55 89

1. Find 5
How we do binary search?
start mid end

index 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

nums 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55 89

1. Find 5, mid=4
How we do binary search?
start mid end

index 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

nums 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55 89

1. Find 5, mid=4, 2. Find it!

How we do binary search?
start mid end

index 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

nums 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55 89

1. Find 5, mid=4, 2. Find it!

2. Find 8, mid=4, 2, 3. Find it!

How we do binary search?
start mid end

index 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

nums 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55 89

1. Find 5, mid=4, 2. Find it!

2. Find 8, mid=4, 2, 3. Find it!

3. Find 14, mid=4

How we do binary search?
start mid end

index 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

nums 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55 89

1. Find 5, mid=4, 2. Find it!

2. Find 8, mid=4, 2, 3. Find it!

3. Find 14, mid=4, 6

How we do binary search?
start mid end

index 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

nums 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55 89

1. Find 5, mid=4, 2. Find it!

2. Find 8, mid=4, 2, 3. Find it!

3. Find 14, mid=4, 6, 5

How we do binary search?
start, mid
end

index 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

nums 2 3 5 8 13 21 34 55 89

1. Find 5, mid=4, 2. Find it!

2. Find 8, mid=4, 2, 3. Find it!

3. Find 14, mid=4, 6, 5, 4. Return -1

Recursion or While-Loop?
Binary Search
A generic binary search template
http://www.lintcode.com/en/problem/binary-search/
http://www.ninechapter.com/solutions/binary-search/
Keypoints:
1. start + 1 < end
2. start + (end - start) / 2
3. A[mid] ==, <, >
4. A[start] A[end] ? target
 Search for a range
http://lintcode.com/en/problem/search-for-a-range/

http://www.ninechapter.com/solutions/search-for-a-
range/
 Search Insert Position
http://lintcode.com/en/problem/search-insert-
position/
http://www.ninechapter.com/solutions/search-insert-
position/
 Search a 2D Matrix
http://www.lintcode.com/en/problem/search-a-2d-
matrix/

http://www.ninechapter.com/solutions/search-a-2d-
matrix/
 Search a 2D Matrix II
http://lintcode.com/en/problem/search-a-2d-matrix-
ii/
[ 0, 1, 2, 4]
[ 1, 2, 6, 9]
[ 3, 5, 7,10]
[ 7, 8, 9,11]
 Search a 2D Matrix II

Quadrate Search
[ 2, 4 ]
[ 0, 1, 2, 4] [ 0, 1, 2, 4] [ 5, 7 ]
[ 1, 2, 5, 7] find 7 [ 1, 2, 5, 7]
[ 3, 5 ]
[ 3, 5, 7,10] [ 3, 5, 7,10]
[ 7, 8 ]
[ 7, 8, 9,11] [ 7, 8, 9,11]
[ 7, 10]
[ 9, 11]
Search in a 2D Matrix
Search in a 2D Matrix
Search in a 2D Matrix
 First Bad Version
http://lintcode.com/en/problem/first-bad-version/
 Find Peak Element
http://lintcode.com/en/problem/find-a-peak/
5 minutes break
Search in Rotated Sorted Array
http://lintcode.com/en/problem/search-in-rotated-
sorted-array/

http://www.ninechapter.com/solutions/search-in-
rotated-sorted-array/
Search in Rotated Sorted Array II

http://lintcode.com/en/problem/search-in-rotated-
sorted-array-ii/

Linear algorithm, go for-loop!

Find Minimum in Rotated
Sorted Array
http://www.lintcode.com/zh-cn/problem/find-
minimum-in-rotated-sorted-array/
Find Minimum in Rotated
Sorted Array II
http://www.lintcode.com/zh-cn/problem/find-
minimum-in-rotated-sorted-array-ii/
Sorted Array
 Remove Duplicates from Sorted Array
I, II
http://lintcode.com/en/problem/remove-duplicates-from-sorted-array/
http://lintcode.com/en/problem/remove-duplicates-from-sorted-array-
ii/
 Merge Sorted Array
http://lintcode.com/en/problem/merge-sorted-array/
 Merge Sorted Array II
http://lintcode.com/en/problem/merge-sorted-array-
ii/

http://www.ninechapter.com/solutions/merge-sorted-
array/
Median of Two Sorted Arrays
http://lintcode.com/en/problem/median-of-two-
sorted-arrays/

http://www.ninechapter.com/solutions/median-of-
two-sorted-arrays/
 Recover Sorted Array
http://lintcode.com/problem/recover-rotated-
sorted-array/
 Rotate String
http://lintcode.com/en/problem/rotate-string/
Reverse Words in a String
http://lintcode.com/en/problem/reverse-words-in-a-
string/
Conclusion
Binary Search
-- Exclude half every time

Sorted Array
-- If array is sorted, try binary search
-- If array is not sorted, try sort it first