5 Energy

5.1 A–B
Section exercise 5.1A Forms of energy
5.1B Energy conversion

5.1 C–D
Level 1 Textbook p. 92–107

A Fill in the blanks (1 mark each, total 7 marks)

Fill in the blanks below with the words given.

5.2
chemical electrical kinetic light potential
solar sound thermal solar cell

1 The Sun gives out a energy and b

5.3
energy.

2 Hitting a drum, speaking and singing give out c energy.

exercise
3 Television sets obtain energy from power stations.

Unit
d

4 A spring gains e energy when it is compressed.

5 Fuels and food store f energy.

thinking question
High-order
6 Light energy is directly converted to electrical energy by a g .

B True or false (1 mark each, total 5 marks)

Write ‘T’ for a true statement and ‘F’ for a false statement in the boxes provided.

1 A dry cell stores electrical energy.

2 The faster a ship moves, the more kinetic energy it has.

3 A lift gains potential energy when it goes up.

4 Electrical energy can only be generated by a generator.

5 An electric iron gives out thermal energy when it is switched on.

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 5 Energy

Level 2
5.1 A–B

A Multiple-choice (1 mark each, total 4 marks)

1 Which of the following statements about energy is correct?

A Some of the activities we carry out do not involve energy.
5.1 C–D

B Electrical energy cannot be converted to other forms of energy.

C Sound energy is given out when we sing.
D A table lamp gives out light energy only.

2 When a ball rolls down a slope, it gains

5.2

A light energy.
B kinetic energy.
C potential energy.
D chemical energy.
5.3

3 Which of the following energy conversions

takes place when the arrow is let go?
exercise

A Electrical energy potential energy

Unit

B Kinetic energy light energy

C Chemical energy thermal energy
D Potential energy kinetic energy
thinking question
High-order

4 The toy piano as shown is powered by dry cells. Which of the following energy
conversions take place when we turn the speaker on?

A Kinetic energy chemical energy thermal energy

B Electrical energy chemical energy sound energy
C Chemical energy electrical energy sound energy
D Chemical energy potential energy electrical energy

34
 Energy 5

B Structured questions (29 marks)

5.1 A–B
1 John and his friends are in a Christmas party. Complete the sentences. (11 marks)

a The food and charcoal（炭）store

.
food and
charcoal

5.1 C–D
b When charcoal burns, this
form of energy is converted to
and
.

5.2
c The speaker is playing music. It
converts
to .

5.3
speaker

exercise
Unit
d When the bird flies up to the tree,
its

thinking question
is converted to

High-order
and
finally to .

e When the blown up balloon is

released,
Oops! stored in the balloon is converted
to and
.

35
 5 Energy

2 A coal-fired power station is shown below.

5.1 A–B

coal supply

B steam C D
5.1 C–D

coal
5.2

E
river

a Label parts A to E. (5 marks)

A: B: C:
5.3

D: E:

b State the functions of parts C and E. (2 marks)

exercise

Part C:
Unit

Part E:

c Arrange the steps of generating electricity in the correct order by writing i to v in

thinking question

the spaces below. (5 marks)

High-order

i Water boils and changes to steam.

ii The turbine drives the generator to generate electricity.
iii Coal is burnt to boil water.
iv Electricity is supplied to consumers.
v Steam turns the turbine.

d Write down the energy conversions that occur in the power station. (6 marks)

energy (stored in coal)

energy and energy (of the flame)
energy and energy (of the steam)
energy (of the turbine) electrical energy

36 Marks (p. 33–36): / 45

 Energy 5

Section exercise 5.1C Conservation of energy

5.1 A–B
5.1D Energy conversion efficiency
Level 1 Textbook p. 108–113

A Fill in the blanks (1 mark each, total 6 marks)

5.1 C–D
Fill in the blanks below with the words given.

calorie joule kilocalorie conserved conservation

conversation efficiency Sankey diagram

5.2
1 The units of energy include the a (J) and the
b (kcal).

2 The total amount of energy in an energy conversion is always

c . This is the law of d of

5.3
energy.

3 We can draw a e to represent an energy conversion.

exercise
4 To find out how much input energy is converted to useful energy, we can calculate

Unit
the f .

B True or false (1 mark each, total 5 marks)

thinking question
High-order
Write ‘T’ for a true statement and ‘F’ for a false statement in the boxes provided.

1 Energy can be created but cannot be destroyed.

2 In some energy conversions, the total amount of energy before the conversion
may be more than that after the conversion.

3 Electrical energy is created by a generator.

4 In a Sankey diagram, a wider arrow means a large

amount of energy.

5 A high-efficiency device uses less energy than a

low-efficiency device to do the same job.

37
 5 Energy

Level 2
5.1 A–B

A Multiple-choice (1 mark each, total 3 marks)

Directions: Questions 1 and 2 refer to a generator that converts 500 J of kinetic energy
into 100 J of thermal energy and 400 J of electrical energy.
5.1 C–D

1 What is the energy conversion efficiency of the generator?

A 100%
B 80%
C 25%
5.2

D 20%

2 Which of the following shows the correct Sankey diagram for the generator?
(Each square represents 100 J of energy.)
A B
5.3

light electrical
kinetic kinetic
energy energy
energy energy
exercise
Unit

thermal thermal
energy energy

C D
thinking question

electrical electrical
kinetic kinetic
energy energy
High-order

energy energy

thermal thermal
energy energy

3 The efficiency of a lamp is 40%. When 300 J of electrical

energy is input to it, which of the following gives the
thermal energy produced by the lamp?
A 60 J
B 120 J
C 180 J
D 240 J

38
 Energy 5

S kill practice 5.1 Textbook p. 111

5.1 A–B
Drawing Sankey diagrams Video

Follow the steps below in drawing a Sankey diagram:

❶ Choose a suitable scale.

5.1 C–D
❷ Draw a bar to represent the energy input. Label the form of energy and its amount.
❸ Draw arrows to represent the energy outputs. The arrow pointing towards the right represents
the useful energy output. Arrow(s) pointing upwards and downwards represent energy output
that is not useful. Label the arrows.

5.2
Question

A solar cell converts 1000 J of light energy to 300 J

of electrical energy and 700 J of thermal energy.

5.3
In the space given, draw a Sankey diagram to
represent this energy conversion. (3 marks)

exercise
Unit
thinking question
High-order

39
 5 Energy

B Structured question (10 marks)

5.1 A–B

The photo shows a street lamp powered by solar energy. During

solar cells
daytime, the solar cell receives sunlight and charges up（充電）
a rechargeable battery（充電池）in the lamp. The energy stored in
the battery is then used to light up a lamp at night. The lamp
5.1 C–D

becomes hot when it is lit.

lamp
rechargeable
battery
solar rechargeable
lamp
cell battery
5.2

a Write down the energy conversions in the lamp during daytime. (3 marks)

(from the Sun)

(in the battery)
5.3

At night, the battery supplies 800 J of electrical energy to the bulb. The bulb gives out
200 J of light energy and the remaining to thermal energy.

b Draw a Sankey diagram to show the energy conversion. (3 marks)

exercise
Unit
thinking question
High-order

c Calculate the energy conversion efficiency of the light bulb. (2 marks)

d The efficiency of the solar cell is 5%. Calculate the amount of light energy required to
generate 800 J of electrical energy. (2 marks)

40 Marks (p. 37–40): / 27

 Energy 5

Section exercise 5.2 Heat transfer

5.1 A–B
Textbook p. 115–134

Level 1
A Fill in the blanks (1 mark each, total 8 marks)

5.1 C–D
Fill in the blanks below with the words given.

heat transfer conduction convection radiation conductors

insulators absorbers emitters rise sink vacuum

5.2
1 The transfer of thermal energy from one place to another is called
a .

2 Materials that conduct heat fast are good b of heat. Materials

that conduct heat slowly are good c of heat.

5.3
3 Thermal energy is transferred in liquids and gases mainly by d .
When liquids and gases are heated, they become hot and e .

exercise
4 Radiation can occur in a f .

Unit
5 Objects that emit thermal energy by radiation are called g of
radiation and those that absorb are called h of radiation.

thinking question
High-order
B True or false (1 mark each, total 6 marks)

Write ‘T’ for a true statement and ‘F’ for a false statement in the boxes provided.

1 Conduction can only occur in solids.

2 Silver and copper are good conductors.

3 Convection heaters are usually installed high on the wall.

4 Sea breeze and land breeze are formed by convection of air.

5 A dull black object is a better absorber of radiation than a shiny white object.

6 In summer we wear dark coloured clothes to feel cooler.

41
 5 Energy

Level 2
5.1 A–B

A Multiple-choice (1 mark each, total 7 marks)

1 The diagram shows three drawing pins P, R Q P

Q and R stuck at the ends of copper, iron

5.1 C–D

and glass rods. Which of the following copper

correctly describes the sequence of iron
glass
drawing pin falling?
A P Q R
B P R Q
5.2

C Q P R
D R Q P

2 Which of the following materials are suitable for

making the handle of a cooking pot?
5.3

handle
(1) Copper
(2) Plastic
(3) Wood
exercise
Unit

A (1) and (2) only

B (2) and (3) only
C (1) and (3) only
thinking question

D (1), (2) and (3)

High-order

3 Which of the following statements about heat transfer is correct?

A Thermal energy is transferred from a hot place to a cold place naturally.
B Iron conducts heat faster than copper.
C A flame transfers thermal energy to its surroundings by convection only.
D Radiation occurs in a vacuum only.

4 Which of the heat transfer processes involve(s) the flow of materials?

A Conduction only
B Convection only
C Conduction and convection only
D Conduction, convection and radiation

42
 Energy 5

5 Which of the following are applications of convection?

5.1 A–B
(1) There are slits at the (2) The aquarium heater (3) If a fire breaks out and
back of a computer should be placed near smoke blocks the way,
monitor for cooling. the bottom of the we should crawl on
fish tank. the ground to avoid
breathing in smoke.

5.1 C–D
slits

5.2
aquarium heater

A (1) and (2) only B (2) and (3) only

C (1) and (3) only D (1), (2) and (3)

5.3
6 Below are three different surfaces.

exercise
Unit
Dull black Silvery White

thinking question
High-order
Which of the above surfaces is the best for each of the following?
Absorbing radiation Emitting radiation
A white white
B white silvery
C dull black white
D dull black dull black

7 Which of the following is NOT an application of radiation?

A We can wear a down jacket to keep warm in winter.
B We usually wear dark coloured clothes to keep warm in winter.
C We feel hot near a BBQ fire.
D Sun-shields are silvery in colour.

43
 5 Energy

B Structured questions (16 marks)

5.1 A–B

1 The photo below (Fig 1) shows a pool that stores natural hot spring water.
5.1 C–D

Fig 1
5.2

When the water in the pool is not hot enough, the heater at the bottom is turned on
to heat up the water (Fig 2).

a Name the main process in heating the whole pool of water. (1 mark)
5.3

b In Fig 2 below, draw the moving direction of the heated water. (1 mark)
exercise

c Explain why the heater can heat up the water evenly by filling in the blanks
Unit

below. (3 marks)

❶ When the heater is turned ❷ The cooler water in the surrounding

on, the water near the heater region
thinking question
High-order

the hot
. water.

heater

❸ The water in ❷ is then

. Hence the water in
the whole pool is heated up evenly.

Fig 2

44
 Energy 5

2 Deers are common in Nara（奈良）, Japan. The photos below show how the deer
looks in summer and in winter.

5.1 A–B
Summer Winter
Hi! My fur is thinner
and lighter in colour
in summer.

5.1 C–D
It’s winter now. My
fur becomes thicker
and darker.

5.2
a Explain how the thicker fur can help the deer keep warm in winter. (3 marks)
Thicker fur can trap , which is a good
. It transfers thermal energy away from the animal

5.3
body by conduction very , hence helps the deer keep
warm.

b Explain how the dark colour of the fur can further help the deer keep warm

exercise
under sunlight. (4 marks)

Unit
Darker coloured fur is a better of radiation.
It absorbs more thermal energy by from
, hence .

thinking question
3 The heat sink in a computer helps cool down the central

High-order
processing unit (CPU), which gets hot when the computer
is running.

a Explain why it is made of aluminium or copper.

(2 marks)

Aluminium and copper are

. They quickly transfer
.

b Explain why it is usually painted black. (2 marks)

Marks (p. 41–45): / 37 45

 5 Energy

Section exercise 5.3 Energy sources

5.1 A–B

Textbook p. 135–153

Level 1
A Fill in the blanks (1 mark each, total 10 marks)
5.1 C–D

Fill in the blanks below with the words given.

acid rain air pollutants fossil fuels crude oil natural gas global warming
greenhouse effect biomass energy chemical energy hydroelectric power
renewable energy sources alternative energy sources
5.2

1 Coal, a and b

belong to c .

2 The burning of fossil fuels gives out many d that

5.3

harm our health.

3 When sulphur dioxide and nitrogen oxides dissolve in rainwater,

e may form.
exercise
Unit

4 Too much thermal energy trapped in the atmosphere enhances the

f .

5 The gradual increase of the Earth’s average air temperature is called

thinking question

g .
High-order

6 Solar energy, wind power, h , i

and nuclear power are j .

B True or false (1 mark each, total 5 marks)

Write ‘T’ for a true statement and ‘F’ for a false statement in the boxes provided.

1 Fossil fuels are non-renewable energy sources.

2 Acid rain does not kill animals.

3 Greenhouse effect helps keep the Earth warm.

4 Solar energy can only be used through solar cells.

5 The reserve of nuclear fuels on the Earth is unlimited.

46
 Energy 5

C Matching (1 mark each, total 8 marks)

5.1 A–B
Match the alternative energy sources in the left column with their concerns in the right
column by writing a to h in the spaces below.
Alternative energy source Concern
1 Solar energy a Wind turbines may kill birds and bats.

5.1 C–D
2 Wind power b Output is reduced in cloudy or rainy days.
3 Biomass energy c Natural habitats may be destroyed when building
4 Hydroelectric power the dam.

5 Nuclear power d There is no safe way to dispose of nuclear waste.

5.2
e Food supply may be reduced.
f Output depends on wind speed.
g Toxic materials are used to make solar panels.
h Burning the fuel enhances greenhouse effect.

5.3
1 2 3 4 5

exercise
Level

Unit
A Multiple-choice (1 mark each, total 6 marks)

1 Which of the following is NOT a concern about using fossil fuels?

thinking question
A Fossil fuels are limited in supply.

High-order
B Using fossil fuels can harm our health.
C Using fossil fuels gives us stable supply of electricity.
D Using fossil fuels can harm our environment.

2 Which of the following belong(s) to renewable energy sources?

(1) Wind power

(2) Fossil fuels
(3) Nuclear power
A (1) only
B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)

47
 5 Energy

3 Which of the following is NOT a possible effect of global warming?

5.1 A–B

A More extreme weather conditions

B Melting of ice caps
C Rising of sea level
D Damaging of metal and stone work
5.1 C–D

4 Which of the following statements about alternative energy sources is / are correct?
(1) All of them are renewable.
(2) All of them can generate electricity.
(3) None of them enhances greenhouse effect.
5.2

A (2) only
B (1) and (2) only
C (2) and (3) only
D (1), (2) and (3)
5.3

5 Which of the following habits can help save energy?

A Keep electrical appliances on even when they are not used.
B Choose electrical appliances that are energy-efficient.
exercise
Unit

C Maintain the temperature of an air-conditioned room below 24 °C in summer.

D Use private cars instead of public transport.

6 The photo shows the cooling tower of a nuclear power station.

thinking question
High-order

white smoke

The white smoke coming out from the cooling tower contains
(1) carbon dioxide
(2) nitrogen oxides
(3) water vapour
A (1) only B (3) only
C (1) and (3) only D (2) and (3) only

48
 Energy 5

B Structured questions (11 marks)

5.1 A–B
1 Write down the energy conversions in generating electricity by the following
power stations. (9 marks)

5.1 C–D
5.2
Fig 1 Fig 2

a Solar thermal power station (Fig 1):

Light energy and (from the Sun)

5.3
(of steam)

(of turbine)
electrical energy (generated by generator)

exercise
b Biomass power station (Fig 2):

Unit
(stored in biomass)

( )

thinking question
( )

High-order
( )

( )

2 In each of the pictures below, state what should be done to save energy. (2 marks)
a b
filament bulb

49
 P ractical video assignment

Generating electricity using steam engine model

Watch the video and answer the questions.

1 0:57 The fuel (alcohol) is added to the fuel chamber.

a State the function of burning the fuel. (1 mark)

b State ONE environmental problem that is caused by

burning fossil fuels. (1 mark)

0:57/2:02

2 1:23 The steam turbine is turning.

a Besides using steam, state TWO other ways to turn

the turbine in power stations. (2 marks)

b State a way to generate electricity without using

1:23/2:02 turbines. (1 mark)

50 Marks (p. 46–50): / 45

 Energy 5

Unit exercise

5.1 A–B
A True or false (1 mark each, total 10 marks)

Write ‘T’ for a true statement and ‘F’ for a false statement in the boxes provided.

1 Food and fuels store chemical energy.

5.1 C–D
2 When a fuel is burnt, it gains chemical energy.

3 Sleeping does not need energy.

4 One joule is equal to 4200 kcal.

5.2
5 Energy is not conserved when a candle burns because some energy is lost
as heat.

6 Conduction does not occur in insulators.

5.3
7 Convection can only occur in liquids.

8 The Sun transfers thermal energy to the Earth by radiation.

exercise
Unit
9 Nitrogen oxides are air pollutants which can lead to formation of acid rain.

10 Biomass can be used up and hence is non-renewable.

thinking question
Multiple-choice

High-order
B (1 mark each, total 9 marks)

1 What is the energy conversion involved in typing?

A Chemical energy stored in the body kinetic energy of the hands

B Potential energy of the body chemical energy stored in the body
C Kinetic energy of the hands thermal energy of the body
D Thermal energy of the body kinetic energy of the hands

51
 5 Energy

2 International Commerce Centre (ICC) is the tallest building in

Hong Kong. It contains 108 storeys and is 484 m high.
5.1 A–B

A girl goes into a lift on the ground floor. The lift starts from rest
and goes up the building and finally stops at the top floor.
Which of the following forms of energy of the girl would increase?
5.1 C–D

(1) Potential energy

(2) Kinetic energy
(3) Chemical energy
A (1) only
B (1) and (2) only
5.2

C (2) and (3) only

D (1), (2) and (3)

3 A candle stores 100 J of chemical energy. When the candle is completely burnt, which
5.3

of the following are possible?

(1) The candle gives out 50 J of light energy.
(2) The candle gives out 80 J of thermal energy.
exercise

(3) The candle gives out 100 J of light energy.

Unit

A (1) and (2) only

B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only
thinking question

D (1), (2) and (3)

High-order

4 The Sankey diagram of an energy converter is shown. Find the efficiency of the
energy conversion.

kinetic
electrical energy
energy

thermal energy
(200 J)
A 20%
B 40%
C 60%
D 80%

52
 Energy 5

5 Which of the following statements about the heat transfer processes is INCORRECT?

5.1 A–B
A Conduction can occur in a liquid.
B Convection can occur in a solid.
C Radiation can occur in a gas.
D Conduction, convection and radiation can occur together.

5.1 C–D
6 Below shows four containers A, B, C and D of identical shape. They are filled with
water at 25 °C. Then they are put under strong sunlight.

dull black surface shiny surface dull black surface shiny surface

5.2
1 kg of water 1 kg of water 2 kg of water 2 kg of water

5.3
A B C D

In which container is the water heated up to 30 °C first?

exercise
7 The photo (Fig 1) below shows a thermal cooker. Fig 2 shows its structure.

Unit
glass inner lid
glass inner lid

thinking question
High-order
silvery steel walls

vacuum between double

walls of outer pot

thin layer of air

inner pot between two pots
outer pot

Fig 1 Fig 2

Which of the following statements about the cooker are correct?

(1) The glass lid reduces heat loss by convection.
(2) The vacuum prevents heat loss by radiation.
(3) The thin layer of air between the two pots reduces heat loss by conduction.
A (1) and (2) only B (1) and (3) only
C (2) and (3) only D (1), (2) and (3)

53
 5 Energy

8 Which of the following statements about fossil fuels is / are correct?

5.1 A–B

(1) Fossil fuels are non-renewable sources of energy.

(2) Fossil fuels are the only fuels for generating electricity.
(3) Fossil fuels produce large amounts of air pollutants when burnt.
A (1) only
5.1 C–D

B (2) only
C (1) and (3) only
D (2) and (3) only

9 Which of the following statements about alternative energy sources is INCORRECT?

5.2

A Solar power does not produce air pollutants.

B Hydroelectric power is a suitable energy source for Hong Kong.
C The leakage of radioactive substances from nuclear power stations can cause
cancer or even death.
5.3

D The use of biomass energy can lead to global warming.

B Structured questions (44 marks)

exercise
Unit

Skill Daily applications

1 Fig 1 below shows a solar water heater on the roof of a house.

sunlight
thinking question
High-order

glass

pipe with water

Fig 1 Fig 2

a The sunlight heats up the pipes. The pipes then heat up the cold water (Fig 2).
State the process by which thermal energy is transferred
i from the Sun to the pipes: (1 mark)
ii from the pipes to the water: (1 mark)

54
 Energy 5

b Explain why the pipes are in a box covered with a sheet of glass. (3 marks)

5.1 A–B
The box traps air around the pipes. Since air is a of
heat, heat loss by can be reduced.
The glass prevents movement of air, therefore heat loss by
can also be reduced.

5.1 C–D
c i Which material, copper or plastic, is more suitable for making the pipes?
Explain briefly. (3 marks)

5.2
ii What colour would you paint the pipes? Explain briefly. (2 mark)

5.3
d As the water is heated up, it moves in the pipes.
i State the process by which water moves in the pipes. (1 mark)

exercise
Unit
ii In Fig 2, draw an arrow in each box to show the directions of water flowing
into and out of the heater. (1 mark)

thinking question
Skill Daily applications

High-order
2 The photos below show two models of microwave ovens.

Model A Model B

a Complete the energy conversion for heating up food in a microwave oven.

(2 marks)
(of food) +
other forms of energy

55
 5 Energy

b Complete the sentences below. (2 marks)

5.1 A–B

The total amount of output energy is always to

the amount of electrical energy input to the oven. This shows that energy is
.

c The Sankey diagrams of the two models are shown below. Complete the
5.1 C–D

diagrams. (Each square represents 50 J of energy.) (4 marks)

Model A
1500 J of

3000 J of
5.2

energy
(of food)
energy
5.3
exercise

Efficiency of Model B is 62.5%.

Unit

4000 J of
thinking question

energy
High-order

d Calculate the efficiency of model A. (2 marks)

e Which model would you use to save energy? Explain briefly. (2 marks)

56
 Energy 5

Skill Experiment

5.1 A–B
3 In an experiment to study the effect of colour of the
container on heat loss, Sharon sets up two flasks of
thermometer thermometer
the same size as shown on the right.
Flask A stopper Flask B
When the experiment starts, Sharon adds same

5.1 C–D
volume of hot water into both flasks. Then she
measures the water temperature in each flask flask painted flask painted
dull black silvery
every 20 minutes. She plots the results in the
graph below. hot water inside

5.2
80
Q
temperature (˚C)

60

5.3
40
P

20

exercise
0 time (min)
20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200

Unit
a Find the following from the graph. (2 marks)
i Starting temperature of the water:

thinking question
ii Room temperature:

High-order
b Which line represents flask A, and which represents flask B? (1 mark)
Flask A: Flask B:

c Explain the result. (1 mark)

d After that, Sharon wraps flask B with cotton wool and repeats the experiment.
i In the graph above, sketch a curve to show how the temperature changes
when it is wrapped with cotton wool. (1 mark)

ii Explain your answer in i. (2 marks)

57
 5 Energy

Skill Designing investigations

5.1 A–B

4 Billy designs an investigation to study the potential energy stored in three rubber
bands of different thickness (thin, medium and thick). He designs the ‘rubber-band
car’ as shown.

propeller
5.1 C–D

rubber band
5.2

He turns the propeller（螺旋槳）for 20 rounds and then releases the car on the table.
He measures how far the car goes.

a Write down the energy conversion when the car is released. (2 marks)
5.3

(stored in rubber band)

(of car)
exercise

b What does the distance travelled by the car show about the energy stored in the
Unit

rubber band? (1 mark)

The longer the distance travelled,
.
thinking question

The table below shows the results.

High-order

Thickness of rubber band Thin Medium Thick

Distance travelled by the ‘car’ (cm) 23 35 42

c State the variables for this experiment. (3 marks)

Dependent variable:
Independent variable:
Controlled variable (state ONE):

d What can you conclude from the above results? (1 mark)

58
 Energy 5

Skill Interpreting data

5.1 A–B
5 The graph below shows the biofuel production by region from 1990 to 2021.
(Source: Our World in Data — Biofuel production by region 2022)

Energy (x 1012 MJ)

Other regions

5.1 C–D
3.60 Asia Pacific

2.88 Europe

2.16
South and
Central America

5.2
1.44

0.72
North America
0
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015 2021
2019 2020

5.3
a State which region is the biggest producer of biofuel in
i 1990: (1 mark)

exercise
ii 2021: (1 mark)

Unit
b i Describe the change in the production of biofuel in all regions from 2019
to 2020. (1 mark)

thinking question
High-order
ii Give a possible explanation for the change. (2 marks)

c State a disadvantage of biomass energy over

other alternative energy sources such as
ions
r reg
Othe
solar energy. (1 mark) Asia
Paci
fic

pe
012 M
J) Euro
y (x 1
Energ
and
South l America
a
3.60 Centr

2.88
rica
Ame
North
2.16

2021
1.44
20152019 2020
2010
0.72 2005
2000
0 1995
1990

Marks (p. 51–59): / 63 59

 High-order thinking question (8 marks) OPTIONAL
5.1 A–B

The diagram below shows the structure of a solar thermal power station.

❷ Salt melts and can

reach over 500 °C in
5.1 C–D

daytime.
to consumers
Sun receiver
salt
condenser
❶ Mirrors collect ❺ Steam drives the
sunlight onto the turbine, which drives
receiver. The salt the generator to
tower generate electricity.
inside is heated up.
5.2

steam
generator

generator

turbine
storage tanks
mirrors
5.3

❸ The hot liquid salt is ❹ The hot salt boils

stored in the storage water to steam.
tanks. It can stay over
200 °C for many hours.
exercise
Unit

a State TWO advantages of this power station over power stations that burn
fossil fuels. (2 marks)
thinking question
High-order

b State ONE advantage of this power station over generating electricity by

solar panels. (1 mark)

c Explain why solar energy is used to heat salt instead of water. (2 marks)

d Is this type of power station suitable for Hong Kong? Explain why. (3 marks)

60 Marks (p. 60): /8