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History End Term Answers

The document outlines the causes and events leading to World War I, highlighting imperialism, nationalism, and militarism as key factors. It details the formation of alliances such as the Triple Alliance and Triple Entente, the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, and the subsequent mobilization of countries. Additionally, it discusses the conditions of trench warfare and the introduction of new weapons, alongside the social and political unrest in Russia that led to its withdrawal from the war.

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6 views

History End Term Answers

The document outlines the causes and events leading to World War I, highlighting imperialism, nationalism, and militarism as key factors. It details the formation of alliances such as the Triple Alliance and Triple Entente, the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, and the subsequent mobilization of countries. Additionally, it discusses the conditions of trench warfare and the introduction of new weapons, alongside the social and political unrest in Russia that led to its withdrawal from the war.

Uploaded by

aveenmorgan.nbsm
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Q1) Imperialism

• • Colonies provided raw materials and


were markets for goods produced by the
European powers.
• • Colonies were linked to the strength of
the different European countries.
• • All European powers were trying to win
colonies, this led to imperial rivalry.
• • Russia and Austria-Hungary were
focused on mainland Europe. Russia in
particular had interest in the Balkans.
• • Great Britain, France and Germany
focused on countries outside of Europe.

Q2)• The Triple Alliance was formed


in 1882 between Germany, Austria-
Hungary and Italy.
Q3)• The Triple Entente was formed
in 1907 between Britain, France
and Russia.

Q4) Nationalism
• Nationalism is linked to imperialism; it
is the love of one’s country. Loyalty to
the same set of values and beliefs.
• The Slav people in the Balkans wanted
independence but many European
powers wanted to increase their
influence in the region.
• Austria-Hungary did not want the
Serbs to grow in power and influence.
• Russia saw themselves as the
protector of the Serbs (they shared
similar languages and customs)
• Germany wanted to build a railway
between Berlin and Baghdad through
the
Balkans. They wanted access to the oil
fields in Iraq.
Q5) Militarism
• • Britain relied on its navy to
keep its sea routes open and
protect its economic interests. As
well as protect itself as an island
nation against European
aggression.
• • Germany believed the only
way it could be a world power was
the challenge British naval
superiority
• • 1898 and 1900 Germany
passed Navy Laws, building 46
battleships and 60 cruisers.
• • Britain responded by building
the Dreadnought, it was so
• advanced it put all other
battleships out of date instantly.
• • Between 1906 and 1914
Britain built 29 Dreadnoughts and
Germany built 17.

Q6) Austria-Hungary had annexed


Bosnia in 1908 and this had
angered the Slavic people.

Q7) At first their plan did not go


well. One would be assassin
couldn’t get his revolver out of his
jacket in time; another felt sorry for
Sophie and went home, and a third
threw a bomb but it missed its
target.
Q8) On the way back to the station,
the chauffeur took a wrong turn. He
stopped the car, getting ready to
reverse. It was then that Gavrilo
Princip, one of the assassins, saw
what was happening.
Q9) The assassination of Archduke
Franz Ferdinand in 1914 led to
World War I because Austria-
Hungary blamed Serbia and
declared war on it. Serbia asked
Russia for help, and since Russia
was allied with France, France got
involved too. Germany supported
Austria-Hungary, and soon other
countries, like Britain, joined in
because of their alliances. This
quickly turned a small conflict into
a world war.
Q10) The plan was for Germany to
defeat France within 6 weeks and
then transport its troops, using the
German railway network, to fight
the Russian army.

Q11)
• Russia would be slow to mobilise
their forces to the fight Germany.
They assumed that it would take
Russia 6-8 weeks!
• Britain would not get involved in
a European war, despite
guaranteeing Belgian neutrality
• France would not strengthen her
left flank

Q12)
1. The Battle of Mons (23-24
August 1914)
The BEF slowed the German
advance for 48 hours before British
troops were forced to retreat.
2. Collapse of Plan 17
French armies failed to re-capture
Alsace and Lorraine, but slowed the
German advance into France by 2
weeks.
3. Russian mobilisation
Russia mobilized quickly and on
August 19th invaded eastern
Germany. German troops had to be
moved from the Western Front to
defend Germany’s eastern borders.
4. The battle of the Marne (5 –
11 September 1914)
The German army, not strong
enough to take Paris, swung east
towards the River Marne. There
they clashed with the French forces
retreating from Alsace and Lorraine
and, with the BEF, were beaten
back to the River Aisne.

Trench Warfare
Q13)

Q14) Rat Infestation


• • Rats in their millions infested
trenches. There were two main
types, the brown and the black rat.
Lice infestation

Trench Foot
• Many soldiers fighting in WW1
suffered from trench foot. This
was an infection of the feet
caused by cold, wet and
unhygienic conditions.

Q15) Boredom and camaraderie


• Once the soldiers had completed
the daily trench chores of refilling
the sandbags, repairing the
duckboards and trench floor, and
draining the trenches, many of
them became bored.

Q16)My opinion is that Trench


Foot was the worst part living in
treches as The feet would gradually
go numb and the skin would turn
red or blue. If untreated, trench
foot could turn gangrenous and
result in amputation and many
people died or have to amputate
their legs.

Weapons in WW1

_(This can be made into one


question)_
Give me the advantages and
disadvantages of the new weapons
in ww1. (8 marks)

Aircraft
There is a lot of new weapons
made in ww1 with lots of
advantages and disadvantages
such as aircrafts there advantages
were that they were used for
reconnaissance, allowing armies
to gather information by flying over
enemy lines and a disadvantage is
that Engines were unreliable and
there were no parachutes and they
had to wear lots of clothing to stop
them freezing in the air.
Machine guns
Another new weapon made in ww1
was machine guns and there
advantages was that they could fire
450 – 500 bullets a minute over a
distance of 2000 m and had the fire
power of 100 guns and a
disadvantage was that They
needed 4-6 men to man them in
1914 and had to be positioned on a
flat surface.
Tanks
Another weapon introduced newly
in ww1 is the tanks and a
advantage of tanks is that It could
fit a maximum of 10 men, had the
first revolving turret and could
reach speeds of 4mph! which was
good back in the day and a
disadvantage was that it was
unable to cross trenches and broke
down a lot.
Gas
Another new weapon in ww1 was
gases and an advantage was that it
created fear in the enemy side and
caused blindness, made the skin
blister, and the victim would start
to vomit and a disadvantage is that
If the wind changed direction,
troops could end up gassing their
own side.

25.) By January 1914 the peasants


were starving and freezing. In
February 1914 the people had a
revolution and asked for bread and
peace.

26.) n March 1918 Russia made a


peace treaty with Germany. The
peace treaty was held at Brest-
Litovsk and Russia gave up a lot of
Eastern land to Germany. After
Brest-Litovsk the Germans were
free to fight in the West without
sending troops to the east.
27.national policy of avoiding
political or economic
entanglements with other
countries.

28. The British navy wanted to


starve Germany out of the war by
blockading the ports of Germany
and her central European Allies.

29. In the telegram it said we make


Mexico a proposal of alliance on the
following basis: make war together,
make peace together, generous
financial support and that Mexico is
to take back (from the USA) the
Texas, New Mexico, and Arizona.

30. Shocked by what was written in


the telegram American President
Woodrow Wilson to asked the US
Congress to declare war on
Germany.

31. In Spring 1918, General


Ludendorff launched the Spring
Offensive. The Germans developed
a new type of soldier – the
stormtrooper and The Germans
used new tactics – they attacked in
small groups who rushed the
enemy trenches, then pushed
quickly on. Within weeks, the
Germans had almost reached Paris
again.

32.• Starving and desperate people


rioted against the government as
they felt betrayed.
• Bulgaria made peace with the
Allies in September 1918.
• Turkey made peace with the Allies
in October 1918

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