Grammar: continuous aspect

Vocabulary: tourist motivations, describing visuals

Professional skills: using visuals
Case study: Getaway Тrачеl - tailor а package

Keaqlng
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тнЕ HlSToRY оF ToURlSN/l

ý Read about the history of tourism and put the paragraphs in chronological order ('1-6).

А _ With а great deal of time to spend in leisure D _ Тоurism. in the modern sense, dates back to
pursuits - uпdеr Еmреrоr Claudius, there were 159 the nineteenth century, when Thomas Cook first
рuЬ|iс holidays - the Roman aristocracy had ample exploited the opportunity for short organized trips.
opportunity to go out of town for pleasure and lп 1845 he сhаrtеrеd а train and offered а ]50-km
relaxation. The most popular destination was the ехсursiоп with pre-paid accommodation and а list
Вау of Naples, just four days' journey from Rome of department stores to visit. lt was not lопg before
down the paved Via Domitiana. With ап he was taking parties to Switzerland, ltaly, Egypt
itinerarium- а list of villages and cities and the and the united states on all-inclusive tours.
distances between them, which could Ье purchased
{rom а street vendor - visitors knew iп advance
what facilities their chosen accommodation offered.
Е _ The еаr|у twentieth сепturу was the golden
age fоr the luxury cruise industry. Places like
Havana, Miami and Beirut a|ways had а ship in port,
В _ During the Age of the Enlightenment in the with passengers on 'сruisе and stay' voyages. But
eighteenth сепturу, it was fаshiопаЫе fоr young holidays аЬrоаd wеrе still only fоr the affluent and it
aristocrats to travel аrоuпd Europe for up to three was not until the 1970s and 80s that ordinary
years in order to visit and study great works of аrt people who wanted to get away and enjoy
and аrсhitесtчrе and to improve their education. themselves abroad were able to do so. Mass
This was known as the Grand Tour and took place tourism was Ьеgiппiпg to take off.
in Paris, Flоrепсе, Rome and Venice.

F _ Getting frоm А to В in the Middle Ages was

С _ Throughout history, people have always found often difficult and dапgеrоus but pilgrims traversed
rеаsопs to travel. Тhе O|ympic Games gave the lопg distances to visit the Holy Land оr famous
ancient Greeks ап opportunity to leave hоmе every shrines, such as the one at Santiago de Compostela
four years to watch the competitions. They also iп Spain, and this created а demand for inns and
travelled to temples erected in hопоur of the god of hostelries for ап overnight stay.
healing апd medicine, in the hope of Ьеiпg cured.

ý Read the texts in Exercise 'l again and tick (/) the reasons for travel mentioned.
1 amusement 4 health 7_роrt
2 _ business 5 _ religion 8 _ visiting friends and relatives
3 education 6 _ shopping
Speaking
TOURlSM DEVELOPMENTS

3 ln what ways do you think the tourism industry has changed since the 197Os?
Discuss with а partner. Think about the factors below.
. types of holiday о choice of accommodation
. advances in technology . trапSрогt infrastructure
. choice of destinations . the profile of tourists

4 Tell уочr partner about the holidays you had as а child and the holidays you
have поw. How аrе they different?

Listening
ToURlST MoTlVATloNS

ý ffiffiffi Listen to Paul Henley, а representative of the United Nations World

Tourism Organization, talking about why people travel and tick (/) the reasons
he mentions. What examples does hе give of these reasons?
1 _ to escape frоm their daily routine
2 _ to find out how оthеr people live
3 _ to visit friends and relatives
4 _to realize an ambition
5 _ to acquire social status
6 ffi Listen again and complete what Paul says.
1 First of all, they want to rесhаrgе their batteries, just '_, chill out and then come
back 2_.
2 А couple has Ьееп saving up for а long time in оrdеr to go on а round-the-world
cruise. we could call this
lз l.

З l think people often travel to 4_ so that when they come back, they сап 5

their colIeagues, friends оr family.

4l'mafraidmosttouristsdon'tactua|lyu_withthelocal population,exceptvery
superficially.

7 WЖМ Now listen to Paul talking about'push'апd'pull'factors in tourism

motivation and complete the table.
push factors pull factors

сhеареr cost of living

love and rоmапсе

Speaking
PULL FACTORS

8 Work in pairs. Discuss the pull factors that motivate tourists to come to
уочr сочпtry.
 жfuжfl"жNт

Listening
TOURlSM TRENDS

1 ф,ýj.tr;ffiffi Monica Cheung works for the Hong Копg Travel

Rеsеаrсh Сепtrе. Listen to
her talking about trends iп tourism over the past ten years and complete the summary.

People поw book their vacations online and personalize their itineraries.
This mеапs that, although the High Street travel agent '_yet, the
retail agent 2_ fast.
Тhеrе is а(п) з_ towards mоrе sustainable tourism and governments
in'_.ounarЬs attracting inward investment. As а result, remote
аrеаs 5- up, "r"
there аrе mоrе jobs and profits '_. Adventure
tourism and ехtrеmе spoгts аrе iпсrеаsiпglу popular and this segment
'_ rapidly.
Сurrепt trends in demography апd lifestyle are also imроrtапt. The
пчmЬеr of customized vacations for the sепiоrs market'_. Тhеrе is
апоthеr important n_trend associated with increased levels of stress
in реорlеъ work and daily lives. дs а result, there has been а(п)
,о_ from vacations focused
оп entertainment towardi ,оr" spiritual ехреriепсеs, designed to improve health and wellness.

z ffi Listen again. what prediction for the future does Monica cheung make? Do
you а9rее with her? What other predictions would you make?

Use the present continuous to talk 3 Use the past continuous to describe
about situations that аrе changing, past events repeated очеr time.
developing or рrоgrеssiпg. Д few уеаrs ago реор/е were sауiпg
Тhе High Street retail travel аgепt that the future lay iп space trачеl.
hasnt disappeared yet but is 4 you сап use continuous fоrms with
disappearing. modal verbs оr the passive.
Gочеrпrпепts п е mеrgiпg countries
i
Реор/е who go оп а rоuпd-thе,wоrld
are trying to attract fоrеigп direct cruise rпау Ье fulfilling а drеаm.
investrnent. lп еmеrgiпg соuпtriеs rеmоtе areas
Реор/е are living uпdеr increased are Ьеiпg орепеd up andjobs аrе
/eye/s of stress. being created.
Use the present perfect continuous 5 use continuous forms to indicate that
to describe а situation оr activity that the event оr situation is unfinished.
started in the past and has been in Реор/е are lncreasin gly looking fоr а
рrоgrеss for а реriоd until now. mеапiпg to their /ives,
So, are there апу trends that hаче l dоп't think that апу tourists will
Ьееп ernerging over the /ast ten Ье staying on the rпооп in the
уеаrs оr so? foreseeab/e fчtчrе.
Тhе пumЬеr ofpeop/e оvеr 55 has
See Grаmmаr rеfеrепсе, ра9е 1 11.
Ьееп increasing steadily iп Еurоре.
 Study the Grаmmаr Ьох. UnderIine the verb forms and identify the tenses used in
the sentences. ln each case, is the situation finished (F) оr unfinished (U)?
1 We've seen а complete rечеrsаl of the previous trend. F/ U
2 We've Ьееп selling а lаrgе number of adventure holidays. F / U
З Гv'lапу old buildings have been destroyed to make way for пеw office blocks. F / U
4 Моrе and mоrе people аrе using their smartphones to make bookings. F / U
5 Climate change is having а profound impact on tоurism. F / U
6 Residents of lndia and Сhiпа аrе becomin9 mоrе mobile than ever before, F / U
4 Complete the aЁicle with the correct form of the verbs in brackets. Тhеrе may Ье
mоrе than опе роssiЫе answer.

Writing
+ PORTRAIT оF ...

5 lп what ways has уочr country changed in recent times? Write а description
(250-280 words) for ап airline magazine of the developments that hаче taken/are
taking place. Use the topics in the Ьох and the article in Ехеrсisе 4 to help you.

сulturе есопоmу family life lifestyle politics

population tourism workingpatterns
Ъl,",,
,}Iъ -" :

R**Сiпg
EUROPEAN TRAVEL TRENDS

ý Read the extract from а report about travel trends in Europe. What are the general trends
in the categories below: upward, downward or steady/level?
1 visitor пumЬеrs 2 European airlines 3 hotel occupancy

Executive summary: trends for the first semester

Тhе majority of Еurореап destinations аrе indicating а The capacity of European airlines continues to
positive start to the уеаr. Fоrеigп visitor аrriчаls expand, саrrуiпg оп the trend frоm late last уеаr.
went uр steadily during the first six months and the Capacity sоаrеd between NочеmЬеr and Маrсh,
пumЬеr of days spent in each соuпtrу is also on averaging an 8.8 percent risе in АчаilаЫе Seat
the rise. kilometres очеr the first 14 weeks. This should translate
Both airline and hotel industry data сопfirm the into competitive fares and boost travel demand очеr
uрwаrd trепd in travel to Еurоре. However, visitor the next 6-8 months.
пumЬеrs have Ьееп growing mоrе gradually than Hotel occupancy has improved {urthеr but арреаrs
duriпg the peak growth periods of last уеаr. to have levelled off. Ачеrаgе daiIy rates continue to risе
|пtеrпаtiопаl passenger trаffiс outpaced globaI fast across Europe iп response to demand. Ноwечеr,
growth очеr the first two months of the уеаr. Еurореап overall growth is expected to dip as а result of the
airlines have also rероrtеd а modest increase in traffic sharp hike in епеrgу prices, which is leading to а
очеr the first 14 weeks but passenger numbers have significant de_g1ease in disposable income and а surge
declined sliqhtlv over recent weeks. in transportation costs.

2 Complete the table with the underlined words describing trends in the extract iп Exercise 1.
Change verbs to their infinitive form.

N;;; Verbs Adverbs Adjectives

Look at the table iп Exercise 2. Which words indicate а rapid оr sudden change? Which verb
mеапs 'to stop rising or falling'?
Vocabulary
DESCRlBlNG VlSUALS

4 Look at the four different ways of showing statistics. Label the visuals A-D with the
words in the Ьох.

Ьаr сhагt line grарh pie chart ' table

Tourist arrivals AustraIia visitor arrivals

80,000,000
70,000,000
60,000,000 f other countries
50,000,000 l New zealand
40.000,000
30,000,000
20,000,000
1 0,000,000
0
Frапсе Spain ltaly UK

Reýidents of сочпtriеs other than the 2о07 2008 2009 20,10 2о11
7о сhапgе in profits over а five-year period US entering Ьу canada (thousands)
5.00
Ьу land 49в 7 541 8 _5]9 0 598 7 555 6
4.00
з.00
byar 4,0з7,0 ,060.7 з,501,4 з,697.з з,801 ,6
2.00
1.00 Ьу sea ]4з 4 16] 8 ]49 5 159 9 165.1
0
2008 2009 2010 2о11 2о12 201з
4

ý Label the features 1-6 in the visuals in Exercise 4 with the words iп the Ьох.

Ьаr соlumп horizonta| axis rоw segment vertical axis

Listening
PRESENTlNG STAT|STlcS

6 W Listen to part of а talk about using visual aids to present statistics and
complete the Professional skills Ьох.

lntroduction Topic circumstances

This Ьаr chartr the пumьеr of tourist аrrivаls in the wоrldъ most visited countries.
The pie chart 2_ visitor arrivaIs for the period in question.
The red shaded segment'_ the number of visitors from New zealand during the first semester.
The iine 9rарh 4_ the percentage сhапgе iп profits оvеr the last few years.
The table gives us а(п) 5_ of residents entering Canada Ьу land, аir and sea.

Speakin9
DESсRlBlNG А VlSUAL
Research some recent statistics relating to
7 Work in pairs. Student А, turn to file 1, ра9е 102. tourists visiting уоur country. lf possible, find out
Student В, turn to file 20, ра9е 108. Take turns to about visitor аrriчаls, their country of origin, hotel
describe your visual for уочr partner to draw and occupancy, аVеrаgе length of stay and spending
complete with the соrrесt information. Start Ьу patterns. Рrеsепt your findings to the class,
explaining what your visual represents.
слSЕ STL]DY
T,\tt#K & реск&йж
Aim: То design а package for Chinese tourists,
1 Read ап email about the boom in chinese tourism,
2 Listen to а representative of the china Travel Market Research lnstitute,
3 Read ап email frоm а tour ореrаtоr in Beijing,
4 Write а proposal for а suitаЫе package.

Getaway Тrачеl
Read hеr
l Diane sullivan is а senior partner in the Getaway travel agency in London.
email to hеr junior colleagues and answer the questions,

1 What prediction has the World Tourism Organization (WTO) made?

2 what explains the growth of outbound tourism?
3 What do the пumЬеrs S.З,6.4% and 17.5% rерrеsепt?

Diane sullivan

Hannah Williams; Dan Bower; Kevin Jones

go into decline,
The Ечrореап travel market has levelled off in recent years and may ечеп
so l think the time is ripe to investigate the chinese outbound market. l've done some
initial Spadework and found out the following:
. 66 million chinese tourists travelled очеrsеаs last year - ап increase of 8.з million,
. The WTo reckons China will Ье the fourth largest international market Ьу 2020,
representing 6.4 percent of the total market share.
. The growth of China's outbound tourism, 17.5 percent уеаr-оп-уеаr, is much faster
than for inbound tourism.
The Chinese economy is still growing and people now have much mоrе disposable
income, so l need the team to do some research and generate ideas оп how to саtеr
to
this emerging market.

Research interviews
2 ffiffi Listen to Наппаh and Dan frоm Getaway Travel interviewing ап expert
оп the chinese outbound market. Не identifies two types of tourist: Generation Х
(older first-time travellers) and Generation Y (mid 2Os, highly educated, аfflчепt),
complete the tаые with information about them,
Generation Х (1 960-1 980) Generation Y (aged 20-30)
travel motivation
whеrе from in china

рrеfеrrеd activities and

interests оп holiday
 ,Ап, email frоm Beijing
! Gtaway Travel hаче received the email below. What is Huang Meng offering? How
&es hе make the оffеr sound attractive?

Н uang.Meng@qirtou rs.cn

china travel

We are ап established travel agency in Beijing and are looking for European partner5
to take advantage of the growing пumЬеr of Chinese wantin9 to travel to Europe and
elsewhere. Less than five percent of China's очеr 22,000 travel agencies аrе engaged in
the outbound tourism business and we wish to grow оur business in partnership with
overseas suppliers such as yourselves,
Could you offer а ten_day tour to famous places for grоuрs of married couples and
аrrап9е suitable accommodation and tran5portation? We also have business delegations
who would want to соmЬiпе sightseeing and cultural trips with their professional duties.
We look forward to hearing from you,
Huang Meng
Chief Executive, Qй Tours

А feedback meeting
4 ffitrffiffiffi After the interview Наппаh, Dan and Kevin frоm Getaway Travel get
together to compare notes. Listen and complete the fact file.

сhiпеsе vjsitor fact file

. Food is not а priority. Most Еurореап food is
1

. ТБ prize luxury Еurореап goods because they аrе

,-,
. Тhеу enjoy visiting з_.
. Semi-FlTs need а tочr guide who is о_.
. chinese visitors appreciate visitor information in
5

. Most high-spending tourism comes from 6

ý Work in small grочрs. lп response to Huang Меп9Ъ

email, decide what kind of ten-day tour you could
organize fоr groups of Chinese visitors to your
country
Decide оп:
. the profile of visitor your package is aimed at.
о the type of accommodation you would book.
! the best things for the grоuр to sее-апd do.
. а possible itinerary fоr the grоuр. affluent cater for сhаrtеr
сопsumеr boom сurrепt date back to
6 Write ап email to Huang Meng with а proposal for
а ten-day tour that could Ье marketed Ьу Ой Точrs. dеmоgrарhу FlТ inward investment
Give reasons for уочr choices. level off outbound/inbound
rесhаrgе batteries segment surge
itji]ji;'] vertica l/lпorizonta l axis
See DVD-ROM Mini-dicionary