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Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology

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Submission guidelines

Contents

Instructions for Authors

Manuscripts
Title Page
Statements & Declarations
Artwork
Nomenclature
Tables
References
Page Charges
English Language Editing
Reprints
After Acceptance
Ethical Responsibilities of Authors
Authorship principles
Compliance with Ethical Standards
Competing Interests
Research Data Policy and Data Availability Statements
Research involving human participants, their data or biological material
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Informed consent
Open access publishing

Instructions for Authors

Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology welcomes original investigations, short

communications and review articles.

• Original investigations are definitive and comprehensive descriptions of major

research findings which are of broad significance for readers of Applied Biochemistry
and Biotechnology.

• Short communications should begin with a short abstract of up to 100 words. In total
a short communication should be no longer than 1000 words in length and should
contain no more than three to four figures and about 20 references

• Review articles and mini-reviews are most welcome. Contributors seeking to publish
a review are nevertheless encouraged to contact an Editor prior to submitting the
article.

A cover letter must accompany the submission giving the rationale for publication in
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology, particularly with respect to the originality,
scientific merit and importance to the field of Applied Biochemistry and
Biotechnology. Author(s) also are required to provide names and contact information
(mailing address, phone and fax numbers, and e-mail address) of at least three experts
in the field as potential reviewers for the manuscript. Please do not suggest anyone
who may have a conflict of interest in reviewing your manuscript, such as former
advisors, students, or recent collaborators.

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Manuscripts

• Your cover letter must include a valid institutional email address for each author. If
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this is not possible, the cover letter must include a means of verifying each author –
such as an ORCID or Scopus ID or a link to their publication record(s).

• Please suggest potential reviewers for this submission. Please remember that the
reviewers you suggest should be totally independent, and not connected to you or
your work in any way. We strongly recommend that you suggest a mix of reviewers
from different countries and different institutions - recommending reviewers only from
your home country or your own institution is likely to result in your paper being
rejected. In the 'Reason' field, you must also fill in the reviewer's country. Also please
ensure that you provide complete and accurate contact information for your
suggested reviewers, including a valid institutional email address, ORCID or Scopus ID,
or link to a publication record. Incomplete or incorrect information is also likely to
result in your paper being rejected.

• Type manuscript in English, double-spaced on numbered pages with 1- to 1.5-inch

margins. Please prepare the article as a Microsoft Word document. See the Computer
Graphics section for figure specifications.

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Title Page

Title Page

Please make sure your title page contains the following information.

Title

The title should be concise and informative.

Author information

The name(s) of the author(s)

The affiliation(s) of the author(s), i.e. institution, (department), city, (state), country
A clear indication and an active e-mail address of the corresponding author
If available, the 16-digit ORCID of the author(s)

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If address information is provided with the affiliation(s) it will also be published.

For authors that are (temporarily) unaffiliated we will only capture their city and
country of residence, not their e-mail address unless specifically requested.

Abstract

Please provide an abstract of 150 to 250 words. The abstract should not contain any
undefined abbreviations or unspecified references.

For life science journals only (when applicable)

Trial registration number and date of registration for prospectively registered

trials

Trial registration number and date of registration, followed by “retrospectively

registered”, for retrospectively registered trials

Keywords

Please provide 4 to 6 keywords which can be used for indexing purposes.

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Statements & Declarations

The following statements must be included in your submitted manuscript under the
heading 'Statements and Declarations'. This should be placed after the References
section. Please note that submissions that do not include required statements will be
returned as incomplete.

Funding

Please describe any sources of funding that have supported the work. The statement
should include details of any grants received (please give the name of the funding
agency and grant number).

Example statements:
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5/9/22, 5:48 PM Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology | Submission guidelines

“This work was supported by […] (Grant numbers […] and […]). Author A.B. has received
research support from Company A.”

“The authors declare that no funds, grants, or other support were received during the
preparation of this manuscript.”

Competing Interests

Authors are required to disclose financial or non-financial interests that are directly or
indirectly related to the work submitted for publication. Interests within the last 3
years of beginning the work (conducting the research and preparing the work for

submission) should be reported. Interests outside the 3-year time frame must be
disclosed if they could reasonably be perceived as influencing the submitted work.

Example statements:

“Financial interests: Author A and B declare they have no financial interests. Author C
has received speaker and consultant honoraria from Company M. Dr. C has received
speaker honorarium and research funding from Company M and Company N. Author D
has received travel support from Company O. Non-financial interests: Author D has
served on advisory boards for Company M and Company N.”

“The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.”

Please refer to the “Competing Interests” section below for more information on how
to complete these sections.

Author Contributions

Authors are encouraged to include a statement that specifies the contribution of every
author to the research and preparation of the manuscript.

Example statement:

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“All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data
collection and analysis were performed by [full name], [full name] and [full name]. The
first draft of the manuscript was written by [full name] and all authors commented on
previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.”

Please refer to the “Authorship Principles ” section below for more information on how
to complete this section.

In addition to the above, manuscripts that report the results of studies involving
humans and/or animals should include the following declarations:

Ethics approval

Authors of research involving human or animal subjects should include a statement

that confirms that the study was approved (or granted exemption) by the appropriate
institutional and/or national research ethics committee (including the name of the
ethics committee and reference number, if available). For research involving animals,
their data or biological material, authors should supply detailed information on the
ethical treatment of their animals in their submission. If a study was granted
exemption or did not require ethics approval, this should also be detailed in the
manuscript.

“This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.
Approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of University B (Date.../No....).”

“This is an observational study. The XYZ Research Ethics Committee has confirmed that
no ethical approval is required.”

For detailed information on relevant ethical standards and criteria, please refer to the
sections on “Research involving human participants, their data or biological material”,
“Research involving animals, their data or biological material”.

Consent to participate

For all research involving human subjects, freely-given, informed consent to

participate in the study must be obtained from participants (or their parent or legal
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guardian in the case of children under 16) and a statement to this effect should appear
in the manuscript.

Example statement:

“Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.”

“Written informed consent was obtained from the parents.”

Please refer to the section on “Informed Consent” for additional help with completing
this information.

Consent to publish

Individuals may consent to participate in a study, but object to having their data
published in a journal article. If your manuscript contains any individual person’s data
in any form (including any individual details, images or videos), consent for publication
must be obtained from that person, or in the case of children, their parent or legal
guardian. This is in particular applicable to case studies. A statement confirming that
consent to publish has been received from all participants should appear in the
manuscript.

Example statement:

“The authors affirm that human research participants provided informed consent for
publication of the images in Figure(s) 1a, 1b and 1c.”

Please refer to the section on “Informed Consent” for additional help with completing
this information.

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Artwork

For the best quality final product, it is highly recommended that you submit all of your
artwork – photographs, line drawings, etc. – in an electronic format. Your art will then
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be produced to the highest standards with the greatest accuracy to detail. The
published work will directly reflect the quality of the artwork provided.

Electronic Figure Submission

Supply all figures electronically.

Indicate what graphics program was used to create the artwork.
For vector graphics, the preferred format is EPS; for halftones, please use TIFF
format. MS Office files are also acceptable.
Vector graphics containing fonts must have the fonts embedded in the files.
Name your figure files with "Fig" and the figure number, e.g., Fig1.eps.

Line Art

Definition: Black and white graphic with no shading.

Do not use faint lines and/or lettering and check that all lines and lettering within
the figures are legible at final size.
All lines should be at least 0.1 mm (0.3 pt) wide.
Scanned line drawings and line drawings in bitmap format should have a
minimum resolution of 1200 dpi.
Vector graphics containing fonts must have the fonts embedded in the files.

Halftone Art

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Definition: Photographs, drawings, or paintings with fine shading, etc.

If any magnification is used in the photographs, indicate this by using scale bars
within the figures themselves.
Halftones should have a minimum resolution of 300 dpi.

Combination Art

Definition: a combination of halftone and line art, e.g., halftones containing line
drawing, extensive lettering, color diagrams, etc.
Combination artwork should have a minimum resolution of 600 dpi.

Color Art

Color art is free of charge for print and online publication.

Color illustrations should be submitted as RGB.
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Figure Lettering

To add lettering, it is best to use Helvetica or Arial (sans serif fonts).

Keep lettering consistently sized throughout your final-sized artwork, usually
about 2–3 mm (8–12 pt).
Variance of type size within an illustration should be minimal, e.g., do not use 8-
pt type on an axis and 20-pt type for the axis label.
Avoid effects such as shading, outline letters, etc.
Do not include titles or captions within your illustrations.

Figure Numbering

All figures are to be numbered using Arabic numerals.

Figures should always be cited in text in consecutive numerical order.

Figure parts should be denoted by lowercase letters (a, b, c, etc.).

If an appendix appears in your article and it contains one or more figures,
continue the consecutive numbering of the main text. Do not number the
appendix figures, "A1, A2, A3, etc." Figures in online appendices [Supplementary
Information (SI)] should, however, be numbered separately.

Figure Captions

Each figure should have a concise caption describing accurately what the figure
depicts. Include the captions in the text file of the manuscript, not in the figure
file.
Figure captions begin with the term Fig. in bold type, followed by the figure
number, also in bold type.
No punctuation is to be included after the number, nor is any punctuation to be
placed at the end of the caption.
Identify all elements found in the figure in the figure caption; and use boxes,
circles, etc., as coordinate points in graphs.
Identify previously published material by giving the original source in the form of
a reference citation at the end of the figure caption.

Figure Placement and Size

When preparing your figures, size figures to fit in the column width.
For large-sized journals the figures should be 84 mm (for double-column text
areas) or 174 mm (for single column text areas) wide and not higher than 234
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areas), or 174 mm (for single-column text areas) wide and not higher than 234
mm.
For small-sized journals, the figures should be 119 mm wide and not higher than
195 mm.

Permissions

If you include figures that have already been published elsewhere, you must obtain
permission from the copyright owner(s) for both the print and online format. Please be
aware that some publishers do not grant electronic rights for free and that Springer
will not be able to refund any costs that may have occurred to receive these
permissions. In such cases, material from other sources should be used.

Accessibility

In order to give people of all abilities and disabilities access to the content of your
figures, please make sure that

All figures have descriptive captions (blind users could then use a text-to-speech
software or a text-to-Braille hardware)
Patterns are used instead of or in addition to colors for conveying information
(color-blind users would then be able to distinguish the visual elements)
Any figure lettering has a contrast ratio of at least 4.5:1

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Nomenclature

Authors should follow the recommendations of the IUPAC-IUB Commission on

Biochemical Nomenclature. All abbreviations should be fully defined in the text.

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Tables

Type on separate pages. Number consecutively with Arabic numerals in order of

mention in the text Provide titles for all tables
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mention in the text. Provide titles for all tables.

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References

Cite in the text by italic Arabic numerals in parentheses, set on the text line, numbered
in the order they appear. List at the end of the paper in consecutive order. Please
follow the style indicated below:

Journal reference: 1. Haselbeck, A. and Hösel, W. (1993) Appl. Biochem.

Biotechnol. 42, 207–219.

Chapter in book: 2. Gaastra, W. (1984), in Methods in Molecular Biology, vol. 2:

Nucleic Acids (Walker, J. M.,ed.), Humana, Totowa, NJ, pp. 333–341.
Book reference: 3. Franks, F. (1993) Protein Biotechnology, 2nd ed., Humana,
Totowa, NJ.
Report/Document: 4. Macgregor, S. (1993), PhD thesis, University of
Hertfordshire, Hatfield, UK.
Online: 5. Cancer Facts and Figures 2006. Available from: www.cancer.org.
Accessed December 31, 2006.

Please include a manuscript title in all applicable references.

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Page Charges

There are NO page charges for accepted articles.

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English Language Editing

For editors and reviewers to accurately assess the work presented in your manuscript
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5/9/22, 5:48 PM Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology | Submission guidelines
For editors and reviewers to accurately assess the work presented in your manuscript
you need to ensure the English language is of sufficient quality to be understood. If
you need help with writing in English you should consider:

Getting a fast, free online grammar check.

Asking a colleague who is proficient in English to review your manuscript for

clarity.

Visiting the English language tutorial which covers the common mistakes when
writing in English.

Using a professional language editing service where editors will improve the
English to ensure that your meaning is clear and identify problems that require

your review. Two such services are provided by our affiliates Nature Research
Editing Service and American Journal Experts. Springer authors are entitled to a
10% discount on their first submission to either of these services, simply follow
the links below.

Free online grammar check

English language tutorial

Nature Research Editing Service

American Journal Experts

Please note that the use of a language editing service is not a requirement for
publication in this journal and does not imply or guarantee that the article will be
selected for peer review or accepted.

If your manuscript is accepted it will be checked by our copyeditors for spelling and
formal style before publication.

为便于编辑和评审专家准确评估您稿件中陈述的研究工作，您需要确保您的英语语言质
量足以令人理解。如果您需要英文写作方面的帮助，您可以考虑：
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● 获取快速、免费的在线 语法检查。

● 请一位以英语为母语的同事审核您的稿件是否表意清晰。

● 查看一些有关英语写作中常见语言错误的教程。

● 使用专业语言编辑服务，编辑人员会对英语进行润色，以确保您的意思表达清晰，并
识别需要您复核的问题。我们的附属机构 Nature Research Editing Service 和合作伙伴
American Journal Experts 即可提供此类服务。

免费在线 语法检查

教程

Nature Research Editing Service

American Journal Experts

请注意，使用语言编辑服务并非在期刊上发表文章的必要条件，同时也并不意味或保证
文章将被选中进行同行评议或被接受。

如果您的稿件被接受，在发表之前，我们的文字编辑会检查您的文稿拼写是否规范以及
文体是否正式。

エディターと査読者があなたの論文を正しく評価するには、使用されている英語の質
が十分に高いことが必要とされます。英語での論文執筆に際してサポートが必要な場
合には、次のオプションがあります：

・高速なオンライン 文法チェック を無料で受ける。

・英語を母国語とする同僚に、原稿で使用されている英語が明確であるかをチェック
してもらう。

・英語で執筆する際のよくある間違いに関する英語のチュートリアルを参照する。
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 英語 執筆
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際 間違 関 英語
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology | Submission guidelines
参照 。

・プロの英文校正サービスを利用する。校正者が原稿の意味を明確にしたり、問題点
を指摘し、英語の質を向上させます。Nature Research Editing Service とAmerican
Journal Experts の2つは弊社と提携しているサービスです。Springer の著者は、いず
れのサービスも初めて利用する際には10%の割引を受けることができます。以下のリ
ンクを参照ください。

無料のオンライン 文法チェック

英語のチュートリアル

Nature Research Editing Service

American Journal Experts

英文校正サービスの利用は、投稿先のジャーナルに掲載されるための条件ではないこ
と、また論文審査や受理を保証するものではないことに留意してください。

原稿が受理されると、出版前に弊社のコピーエディターがスペルと体裁のチェックを
行います。

영어 원고의 경우, 에디터 및 리뷰어들이 귀하의 원고에 실린 결과물을 정확하게 평가

할 수 있도록, 그들이 충분히 이해할 수 있을 만한 수준으로 작성되어야 합니다. 만약 영
작문과 관련하여 도움을 받기를 원하신다면 다음의 사항들을 고려하여 주십시오:

• 귀하의 원고의 표현을 명확히 해줄 영어 원어민 동료를 찾아서 리뷰를 의뢰합니다.

• 영어 튜토리얼 페이지에 방문하여 영어로 글을 쓸 때 자주하는 실수들을 확인합니다.

• 리뷰에 대비하여, 원고의 의미를 명확하게 해주고 리뷰에서 요구하는 문제점들을 식

별해서 영문 수준을 향상시켜주는 전문 영문 교정 서비스를 이용합니다. Nature
Research Editing Service와 American Journal Experts에서 저희와 협약을 통해 서비스를
제공하고 있습니다. Springer 저자들이 본 교정 서비스를 첫 논문 투고를 위해 사용하시
는 경우 10%의 할인이 적용되며, 아래의 링크를 통하여 확인이 가능합니다.

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영어 튜토리얼 페이지

Nature Research Editing Service

American Journal Experts

영문 교정 서비스는 게재를 위한 요구사항은 아니며, 해당 서비스의 이용이 피어 리뷰

에 논문이 선택되거나 게재가 수락되는 것을 의미하거나 보장하지 않습니다.

원고가 수락될 경우, 출판 전 저희측 편집자에 의해 원고의 철자 및 문체를 검수하는 과

정을 거치게 됩니다.

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Reprints

Reprints and/or a final PDF file are available to authors at standard rates when ordered
prior to publication.

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After Acceptance

Upon acceptance, your article will be exported to Production to undergo typesetting.

Once typesetting is complete, you will receive a link asking you to confirm your
affiliation, choose the publishing model for your article as well as arrange rights and
payment of any associated publication cost.

Once you have completed this, your article will be processed and you will receive the
proofs.

Article publishing agreement

Depending on the ownership of the journal and its policies, you will either grant the
Publisher an exclusive licence to publish the article or will be asked to transfer
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copyright of the article to the Publisher.

Offprints

Offprints can be ordered by the corresponding author.

Color illustrations

Publication of color illustrations is free of charge.

Proof reading

The purpose of the proof is to check for typesetting or conversion errors and the
completeness and accuracy of the text, tables and figures. Substantial changes in

content, e.g., new results, corrected values, title and authorship, are not allowed
without the approval of the Editor.

After online publication, further changes can only be made in the form of an Erratum,
which will be hyperlinked to the article.

Online First

The article will be published online after receipt of the corrected proofs. This is the
official first publication citable with the DOI. After release of the printed version, the
paper can also be cited by issue and page numbers.

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Ethical Responsibilities of Authors

This journal is committed to upholding the integrity of the scientific record. As a

member of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) the journal will follow the
COPE guidelines on how to deal with potential acts of misconduct.

Authors should refrain from misrepresenting research results which could damage the
trust in the journal, the professionalism of scientific authorship, and ultimately the
entire scientific endeavour. Maintaining integrity of the research and its presentation is
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 entire scientific endeavour. Maintaining integrity of the research and its presentation is
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helped by following the rules of good scientific practice, which include*:

The manuscript should not be submitted to more than one journal for
simultaneous consideration.

The submitted work should be original and should not have been published
elsewhere in any form or language (partially or in full), unless the new work
concerns an expansion of previous work. (Please provide transparency on the re-
use of material to avoid the concerns about text-recycling (‘self-plagiarism’).

A single study should not be split up into several parts to increase the quantity of
submissions and submitted to various journals or to one journal over time (i.e.
‘salami-slicing/publishing’).

Concurrent or secondary publication is sometimes justifiable, provided certain

conditions are met. Examples include: translations or a manuscript that is
intended for a different group of readers.

Results should be presented clearly, honestly, and without fabrication, falsification

or inappropriate data manipulation (including image based manipulation).
Authors should adhere to discipline-specific rules for acquiring, selecting and
processing data.

No data, text, or theories by others are presented as if they were the author’s
own (‘plagiarism’). Proper acknowledgements to other works must be given (this
includes material that is closely copied (near verbatim), summarized and/or
paraphrased), quotation marks (to indicate words taken from another source) are
used for verbatim copying of material, and permissions secured for material that
is copyrighted.

Important note: the journal may use software to screen for plagiarism.

Authors should make sure they have permissions for the use of software,
questionnaires/(web) surveys and scales in their studies (if appropriate).

Research articles and non-research articles (e.g. Opinion, Review, and

Commentary articles) must cite appropriate and relevant literature in support of
th l i d E i di
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the claims made. Excessive and inappropriate self-citation or coordinated efforts
among several authors to collectively self-cite is strongly discouraged.

Authors should avoid untrue statements about an entity (who can be an

individual person or a company) or descriptions of their behavior or actions that
could potentially be seen as personal attacks or allegations about that person.

Research that may be misapplied to pose a threat to public health or national

security should be clearly identified in the manuscript (e.g. dual use of research).
Examples include creation of harmful consequences of biological agents or
toxins, disruption of immunity of vaccines, unusual hazards in the use of
chemicals, weaponization of research/technology (amongst others).

Authors are strongly advised to ensure the author group, the Corresponding
Author, and the order of authors are all correct at submission. Adding and/or
deleting authors during the revision stages is generally not permitted, but in
some cases may be warranted. Reasons for changes in authorship should be
explained in detail. Please note that changes to authorship cannot be made after
acceptance of a manuscript.

*All of the above are guidelines and authors need to make sure to respect third parties
rights such as copyright and/or moral rights.

Upon request authors should be prepared to send relevant documentation or data in

order to verify the validity of the results presented. This could be in the form of raw
data, samples, records, etc. Sensitive information in the form of confidential or
proprietary data is excluded.

If there is suspicion of misbehavior or alleged fraud the Journal and/or Publisher will
carry out an investigation following COPE guidelines. If, after investigation, there are
valid concerns, the author(s) concerned will be contacted under their given e-mail
address and given an opportunity to address the issue. Depending on the situation,
this may result in the Journal’s and/or Publisher’s implementation of the following
measures, including, but not limited to:

If the manuscript is still under consideration, it may be rejected and returned to

h h
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the author.

If the article has already been published online, depending on the nature and
severity of the infraction:
- an erratum/correction may be placed with the article

- an expression of concern may be placed with the article

- or in severe cases retraction of the article may occur.

The reason will be given in the published erratum/correction, expression of concern or

retraction note. Please note that retraction means that the article is maintained on
the platform, watermarked “retracted” and the explanation for the retraction is
provided in a note linked to the watermarked article.
The author’s institution may be informed

A notice of suspected transgression of ethical standards in the peer review

system may be included as part of the author’s and article’s bibliographic record.

Fundamental errors

Authors have an obligation to correct mistakes once they discover a significant error
or inaccuracy in their published article. The author(s) is/are requested to contact the
journal and explain in what sense the error is impacting the article. A decision on how
to correct the literature will depend on the nature of the error. This may be a
correction or retraction. The retraction note should provide transparency which parts
of the article are impacted by the error.

Suggesting / excluding reviewers

Authors are welcome to suggest suitable reviewers and/or request the exclusion of
certain individuals when they submit their manuscripts. When suggesting reviewers,
authors should make sure they are totally independent and not connected to the work
in any way. It is strongly recommended to suggest a mix of reviewers from different
countries and different institutions. When suggesting reviewers, the Corresponding
Author must provide an institutional email address for each suggested reviewer, or, if
this is not possible to include other means of verifying the identity such as a link to a
personal homepage, a link to the publication record or a researcher or author ID in the
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submission letter. Please note that the Journal may not use the suggestions, but
suggestions are appreciated and may help facilitate the peer review process.

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Authorship principles

These guidelines describe authorship principles and good authorship practices to

which prospective authors should adhere to.

Authorship clarified

The Journal and Publisher assume all authors agreed with the content and that all
gave explicit consent to submit and that they obtained consent from the responsible
authorities at the institute/organization where the work has been carried out, before
the work is submitted.

The Publisher does not prescribe the kinds of contributions that warrant authorship. It
is recommended that authors adhere to the guidelines for authorship that are
applicable in their specific research field. In absence of specific guidelines it is
recommended to adhere to the following guidelines*:

All authors whose names appear on the submission

1) made substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work; or the

acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data; or the creation of new software used in
the work;

2) drafted the work or revised it critically for important intellectual content;

3) approved the version to be published; and

4) agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring that questions
related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately
investigated and resolved.
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* Based on/adapted from:

ICMJE, Defining the Role of Authors and Contributors,

Transparency in authors’ contributions and responsibilities to promote integrity in

scientific publication, McNutt at all, PNAS February 27, 2018

Disclosures and declarations

All authors are requested to include information regarding sources of funding,

financial or non-financial interests, study-specific approval by the appropriate ethics
committee for research involving humans and/or animals, informed consent if the

research involved human participants, and a statement on welfare of animals if the

research involved animals (as appropriate).

The decision whether such information should be included is not only dependent on
the scope of the journal, but also the scope of the article. Work submitted for
publication may have implications for public health or general welfare and in those
cases it is the responsibility of all authors to include the appropriate disclosures and
declarations.

Data transparency

All authors are requested to make sure that all data and materials as well as software
application or custom code support their published claims and comply with field
standards. Please note that journals may have individual policies on (sharing) research
data in concordance with disciplinary norms and expectations.

Role of the Corresponding Author

One author is assigned as Corresponding Author and acts on behalf of all co-authors
and ensures that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work
are appropriately addressed.

The Corresponding Author is responsible for the following requirements:

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ensuring that all listed authors have approved the manuscript before submission,
including the names and order of authors;

managing all communication between the Journal and all co-authors, before and
after publication;*

providing transparency on re-use of material and mention any unpublished

material (for example manuscripts in press) included in the manuscript in a cover
letter to the Editor;

making sure disclosures, declarations and transparency on data statements from

all authors are included in the manuscript as appropriate (see above).

* The requirement of managing all communication between the journal and all co-
authors during submission and proofing may be delegated to a Contact or Submitting
Author. In this case please make sure the Corresponding Author is clearly indicated in
the manuscript.

Author contributions

In absence of specific instructions and in research fields where it is possible to describe

discrete efforts, the Publisher recommends authors to include contribution statements
in the work that specifies the contribution of every author in order to promote
transparency. These contributions should be listed at the separate title page.

Examples of such statement(s) are shown below:

• Free text:

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data
collection and analysis were performed by [full name], [full name] and [full name]. The
first draft of the manuscript was written by [full name] and all authors commented on
previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final
manuscript.

Example: CRediT taxonomy:

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• Conceptualization: [full name], …; Methodology: [full name], …; Formal analysis and

investigation: [full name], …; Writing - original draft preparation: [full name, …]; Writing
- review and editing: [full name], …; Funding acquisition: [full name], …; Resources: [full
name], …; Supervision: [full name],….

For review articles where discrete statements are less applicable a statement should
be included who had the idea for the article, who performed the literature search and
data analysis, and who drafted and/or critically revised the work.

For articles that are based primarily on the student’s dissertation or thesis, it is
recommended that the student is usually listed as principal author:

A Graduate Student’s Guide to Determining Authorship Credit and Authorship Order,

APA Science Student Council 2006

Affiliation

The primary affiliation for each author should be the institution where the majority of
their work was done. If an author has subsequently moved, the current address may
additionally be stated. Addresses will not be updated or changed after publication of
the article.

Changes to authorship

Authors are strongly advised to ensure the correct author group, the Corresponding
Author, and the order of authors at submission. Changes of authorship by adding or
deleting authors, and/or changes in Corresponding Author, and/or changes in the
sequence of authors are not accepted after acceptance of a manuscript.

Please note that author names will be published exactly as they appear on
the accepted submission!

Please make sure that the names of all authors are present and correctly spelled, and
that addresses and affiliations are current.

Adding and/or deleting authors at revision stage are generally not permitted, but in
it b t d R
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some cases it may be warranted. Reasons for these changes in authorship should be
explained. Approval of the change during revision is at the discretion of the Editor-in-
Chief. Please note that journals may have individual policies on adding and/or deleting
authors during revision stage.

Author identification

Authors are recommended to use their ORCID ID when submitting an article for
consideration or acquire an ORCID ID via the submission process.

Deceased or incapacitated authors

For cases in which a co-author dies or is incapacitated during the writing, submission,
or peer-review process, and the co-authors feel it is appropriate to include the author,

co-authors should obtain approval from a (legal) representative which could be a

direct relative.

Authorship issues or disputes

In the case of an authorship dispute during peer review or after acceptance and
publication, the Journal will not be in a position to investigate or adjudicate. Authors
will be asked to resolve the dispute themselves. If they are unable the Journal reserves
the right to withdraw a manuscript from the editorial process or in case of a published
paper raise the issue with the authors’ institution(s) and abide by its guidelines.

Confidentiality

Authors should treat all communication with the Journal as confidential which includes
correspondence with direct representatives from the Journal such as Editors-in-Chief
and/or Handling Editors and reviewers’ reports unless explicit consent has been
received to share information.

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Compliance with Ethical Standards

To ensure objectivity and transparency in research and to ensure that accepted

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principles of ethical and professional conduct have been followed, authors should
include information regarding sources of funding, potential conflicts of interest
(financial or non-financial), informed consent if the research involved human
participants, and a statement on welfare of animals if the research involved animals.

Authors should include the following statements (if applicable) in a separate section
entitled “Compliance with Ethical Standards” when submitting a paper:

Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest

Research involving Human Participants and/or Animals

Informed consent

Please note that standards could vary slightly per journal dependent on their peer
review policies (i.e. single or double blind peer review) as well as per journal subject
discipline. Before submitting your article check the instructions following this section
carefully.

The corresponding author should be prepared to collect documentation of

compliance with ethical standards and send if requested during peer review or after
publication.

The Editors reserve the right to reject manuscripts that do not comply with the above-
mentioned guidelines. The author will be held responsible for false statements or
failure to fulfill the above-mentioned guidelines.

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Competing Interests

Authors are requested to disclose interests that are directly or indirectly related to the
work submitted for publication. Interests within the last 3 years of beginning the work
(conducting the research and preparing the work for submission) should be reported.
Interests outside the 3-year time frame must be disclosed if they could reasonably be
perceived as influencing the submitted work. Disclosure of interests provides a
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complete and transparent process and helps readers form their own judgments of
potential bias. This is not meant to imply that a financial relationship with an
organization that sponsored the research or compensation received for consultancy
work is inappropriate.

Editorial Board Members and Editors are required to declare any competing
interests and may be excluded from the peer review process if a competing interest
exists. In addition, they should exclude themselves from handling manuscripts in cases
where there is a competing interest. This may include – but is not limited to – having
previously published with one or more of the authors, and sharing the same institution
as one or more of the authors. Where an Editor or Editorial Board Member is on the
author list they must declare this in the competing interests section on the submitted
manuscript. If they are an author or have any other competing interest regarding a

specific manuscript, another Editor or member of the Editorial Board will be assigned
to assume responsibility for overseeing peer review. These submissions are subject to
the exact same review process as any other manuscript. Editorial Board Members are
welcome to submit papers to the journal. These submissions are not given any priority
over other manuscripts, and Editorial Board Member status has no bearing on editorial
consideration.

Interests that should be considered and disclosed but are not limited to the following:

Funding: Research grants from funding agencies (please give the research funder and
the grant number) and/or research support (including salaries, equipment, supplies,
reimbursement for attending symposia, and other expenses) by organizations that
may gain or lose financially through publication of this manuscript.

Employment: Recent (while engaged in the research project), present or anticipated

employment by any organization that may gain or lose financially through publication
of this manuscript. This includes multiple affiliations (if applicable).

Financial interests: Stocks or shares in companies (including holdings of spouse

and/or children) that may gain or lose financially through publication of this
manuscript; consultation fees or other forms of remuneration from organizations that
may gain or lose financially; patents or patent applications whose value may be
affected by publication of this manuscript.
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It is difficult to specify a threshold at which a financial interest becomes significant, any

such figure is necessarily arbitrary, so one possible practical guideline is the following:
"Any undeclared financial interest that could embarrass the author were it to become
publicly known after the work was published."

Non-financial interests: In addition, authors are requested to disclose interests that

go beyond financial interests that could impart bias on the work submitted for
publication such as professional interests, personal relationships or personal beliefs
(amongst others). Examples include, but are not limited to: position on editorial board,
advisory board or board of directors or other type of management relationships;
writing and/or consulting for educational purposes; expert witness; mentoring
relations; and so forth.

Primary research articles require a disclosure statement. Review articles present an

expert synthesis of evidence and may be treated as an authoritative work on a subject.
Review articles therefore require a disclosure statement.Other article types such as
editorials, book reviews, comments (amongst others) may, dependent on their
content, require a disclosure statement. If you are unclear whether your article type
requires a disclosure statement, please contact the Editor-in-Chief.

Please note that, in addition to the above requirements, funding information (given
that funding is a potential competing interest (as mentioned above)) needs to be
disclosed upon submission of the manuscript in the peer review system. This
information will automatically be added to the Record of CrossMark, however it is not
added to the manuscript itself. Under ‘summary of requirements’ (see below) funding
information should be included in the ‘Declarations’ section.

Summary of requirements

The above should be summarized in a statement and placed in a ‘Declarations’ section

before the reference list under a heading of ‘Funding’ and/or ‘Competing interests’.
Other declarations include Ethics approval, Consent, Data, Material and/or Code
availability and Authors’ contribution statements.

Please see the various examples of wording below and revise/customize the sample
statements according to your own needs.
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When all authors have the same (or no) conflicts and/or funding it is sufficient to use
one blanket statement.

Examples of statements to be used when funding has been received:

Partial financial support was received from [...]

The research leading to these results received funding from […] under Grant
Agreement No[…].
This study was funded by […]
This work was supported by […] (Grant numbers […] and […]

Examples of statements to be used when there is no funding:

The authors did not receive support from any organization for the submitted
work.
No funding was received to assist with the preparation of this manuscript.
No funding was received for conducting this study.
No funds, grants, or other support was received.

Examples of statements to be used when there are interests to declare:

Financial interests: Author A has received research support from Company A.

Author B has received a speaker honorarium from Company Wand owns stock in
Company X. Author C is consultant to company Y.
Non-financial interests: Author C is an unpaid member of committee Z.
Financial interests: The authors declare they have no financial interests.
Non-financial interests: Author A is on the board of directors of Y and receives
no compensation as member of the board of directors.
Financial interests: Author A received a speaking fee from Y for Z. Author B
receives a salary from association X. X where s/he is the Executive Director.
Non-financial interests: none.
Financial interests: Author A and B declare they have no financial interests.
Author C has received speaker and consultant honoraria from Company M and
Company N. Dr. C has received speaker honorarium and research funding from
Company M and Company O. Author D has received travel support from
Company O.
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Non-financial interests: Author D has served on advisory boards for Company

M, Company N and Company O.

Examples of statements to be used when authors have nothing to declare:

The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.

The authors have no competing interests to declare that are relevant to the
content of this article.
All authors certify that they have no affiliations with or involvement in any
organization or entity with any financial interest or non-financial interest in the
subject matter or materials discussed in this manuscript.
The authors have no financial or proprietary interests in any material discussed in
this article.

Authors are responsible for correctness of the statements provided in the manuscript.
See also Authorship Principles. The Editor-in-Chief reserves the right to reject
submissions that do not meet the guidelines described in this section.

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Research Data Policy and Data Availability Statements

This journal operates a type 3 research data policy. A submission to the journal implies
that materials described in the manuscript, including all relevant raw data, will be
freely available to any researcher wishing to use them for non-commercial purposes,
without breaching participant confidentiality.

Data availability

All original research must include a data availability statement. Data availability
statements should include information on where data supporting the results reported
in the article can be found, if applicable. Statements should include, where applicable,
hyperlinks to publicly archived datasets analysed or generated during the study. For
the purposes of the data availability statement, “data” is defined as the minimal
dataset that would be necessary to interpret, replicate and build upon the findings
reported in the article. When it is not possible to share research data publicly, for
instance when individual privacy could be compromised data availability should still
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instance when individual privacy could be compromised, data availability should still
be stated in the manuscript along with any conditions for access. Data availability
statements can take one of the following forms (or a combination of more than one if
required for multiple datasets):

1. The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are
available in the [NAME] repository, [PERSISTENT WEB LINK TO DATASETS]

2. The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are
available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

3. All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published
article [and its supplementary information files].

4. The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are not
publicly available due [REASON(S) WHY DATA ARE NOT PUBLIC] but are available from
the corresponding author on reasonable request.].

5. Data sharing not applicable to this article as no datasets were generated or analysed
during the current study.

6. The data that support the findings of this study are available from [THIRD PARTY
NAME] but restrictions apply to the availability of these data, which were used under
licence for the current study, and so are not publicly available. Data are however
available from the authors upon reasonable request and with permission of [THIRD
PARTY NAME].

More templates for data availability statements, including examples of openly

available and restricted access datasets, are available here:

Data availability statements

Data repositories

This journal strongly encourages that all datasets on which the conclusions of the
paper rely are available to readers. We encourage authors to ensure that their datasets
are either deposited in publicly available repositories (where available and
appropriate) or presented in the main manuscript or additional supporting files
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appropriate) or presented in the main manuscript or additional supporting files
whenever possible. Please see Springer Nature’s information on recommended
repositories.

List of Repositories

General repositories - for all types of research data - such as figshare and Dryad may
be used where appropriate.

Data citation

The journal also requires that authors cite any publicly available data on which the
conclusions of the paper rely. Data citations should include a persistent identifier (such
as a DOI), should be included in the reference list using the minimum information

recommended by DataCite, and follow journal style. Dataset identifiers including DOIs
should be expressed as full URLs.

Research data and peer review

Peer reviewers are encouraged to check the manuscript’s Data availability statement,
where applicable. They should consider if the authors have complied with the journal’s
policy on the availability of research data, and whether reasonable effort has been
made to make the data that support the findings of the study available for replication
or reuse by other researchers. Peer reviewers are entitled to request access to
underlying data (and code) when needed for them to perform their evaluation of a
manuscript.

If the journal that you’re submitting to uses double-blind peer review and you are
providing reviewers with access to your data (for example via a repository link,
supplementary information or data on request), it is strongly suggested that the
authorship in the data is also blinded. There are data repositories that can assist with
this and/or will create a link to mask the authorship of your data.

Authors who need help understanding our data sharing policies, help finding a
suitable data repository, or help organising and sharing research data can access our
Author Support portal for additional guidance.

For more information:

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For more information:

http://www.springernature.com/gp/group/data-policy/faq

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Research involving human participants, their data or biological material

Ethics approval

When reporting a study that involved human participants, their data or biological
material, authors should include a statement that confirms that the study was
approved (or granted exemption) by the appropriate institutional and/or national
research ethics committee (including the name of the ethics committee) and certify
that the study was performed in accordance with the ethical standards as laid down in
the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments or comparable ethical
standards. If doubt exists whether the research was conducted in accordance with the
1964 Helsinki Declaration or comparable standards, the authors must explain the
reasons for their approach, and demonstrate that an independent ethics committee or
institutional review board explicitly approved the doubtful aspects of the study. If a
study was granted exemption from requiring ethics approval, this should also be
detailed in the manuscript (including the reasons for the exemption).

Retrospective ethics approval

If a study has not been granted ethics committee approval prior to commencing,
retrospective ethics approval usually cannot be obtained and it may not be possible to
consider the manuscript for peer review. The decision on whether to proceed to peer
review in such cases is at the Editor's discretion.

Ethics approval for retrospective studies

Although retrospective studies are conducted on already available data or biological

material (for which formal consent may not be needed or is difficult to obtain) ethics
approval may be required dependent on the law and the national ethical guidelines of
a country. Authors should check with their institution to make sure they are complying
with the specific requirements of their country.

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Ethics approval for case studies

Case reports require ethics approval. Most institutions will have specific policies on this
subject. Authors should check with their institution to make sure they are complying
with the specific requirements of their institution and seek ethics approval where
needed. Authors should be aware to secure informed consent from the individual (or
parent or guardian if the participant is a minor or incapable) See also section on
Informed Consent.

Cell lines

If human cells are used, authors must declare in the manuscript: what cell lines were
used by describing the source of the cell line, including when and from where it was
obtained, whether the cell line has recently been authenticated and by what method. If

cells were bought from a life science company the following need to be given in the
manuscript: name of company (that provided the cells), cell type, number of cell line,
and batch of cells.

It is recommended that authors check the NCBI database for misidentification and
contamination of human cell lines. This step will alert authors to possible problems
with the cell line and may save considerable time and effort.

Further information is available from the International Cell Line Authentication

Committee (ICLAC).

Authors should include a statement that confirms that an institutional or independent

ethics committee (including the name of the ethics committee) approved the study
and that informed consent was obtained from the donor or next of kin.

Research Resource Identifiers (RRID)

Research Resource Identifiers (RRID) are persistent unique identifiers (effectively

similar to a DOI) for research resources. This journal encourages authors to adopt
RRIDs when reporting key biological resources (antibodies, cell lines, model organisms
and tools) in their manuscripts.

Examples:

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Organism: Filip1tm1a(KOMP)Wtsi RRID:MMRRC_055641-UCD

Cell Line: RST307 cell line RRID:CVCL_C321

Antibody: Luciferase antibody DSHB Cat# LUC-3, RRID:AB_2722109

Plasmid: mRuby3 plasmid RRID:Addgene_104005

Software: ImageJ Version 1.2.4 RRID:SCR_003070

RRIDs are provided by the Resource Identification Portal. Many commonly used
research resources already have designated RRIDs. The portal also provides authors
links so that they can quickly register a new resource and obtain an RRID.
Clinical Trial Registration

The World Health Organization (WHO) definition of a clinical trial is "any research
study that prospectively assigns human participants or groups of humans to one or
more health-related interventions to evaluate the effects on health outcomes". The
WHO defines health interventions as “A health intervention is an act performed for,
with or on behalf of a person or population whose purpose is to assess, improve,
maintain, promote or modify health, functioning or health conditions” and a health-
related outcome is generally defined as a change in the health of a person or
population as a result of an intervention.

To ensure the integrity of the reporting of patient-centered trials, authors must

register prospective clinical trials (phase II to IV trials) in suitable publicly available
repositories. For example www.clinicaltrials.gov or any of the primary registries that
participate in the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform.

The trial registration number (TRN) and date of registration should be included as the
last line of the manuscript abstract.

For clinical trials that have not been registered prospectively, authors are encouraged
to register retrospectively to ensure the complete publication of all results. The trial
registration number (TRN), date of registration and the words 'retrospectively
registered’ should be included as the last line of the manuscript abstract.
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Standards of reporting

Springer Nature advocates complete and transparent reporting of biomedical and

biological research and research with biological applications. Authors are
recommended to adhere to the minimum reporting guidelines hosted by the
EQUATOR Network when preparing their manuscript.

Exact requirements may vary depending on the journal; please refer to the journal’s
Instructions for Authors.

Checklists are available for a number of study designs, including:

Randomised trials (CONSORT) and Study protocols (SPIRIT)

Observational studies (STROBE)

Systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) and protocols (Prisma-P)

Diagnostic/prognostic studies (STARD) and (TRIPOD)

Case reports (CARE)

Clinical practice guidelines (AGREE) and (RIGHT)

Qualitative research (SRQR) and (COREQ)

Animal pre-clinical studies (ARRIVE)

Quality improvement studies (SQUIRE)

Economic evaluations (CHEERS)

Summary of requirements

The above should be summarized in a statement and placed in a ‘Declarations’ section

before the reference list under a heading of ‘Ethics approval’.

Examples of statements to be used when ethics approval has been obtained:

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• All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in

accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research
committee and with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or
comparable ethical standards. The study was approved by the Bioethics Committee of
the Medical University of A (No. ...).

• This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.
Approval was granted by the Ethics Committee of University B (Date.../No. ...).

• Approval was obtained from the ethics committee of University C. The procedures
used in this study adhere to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki.

• The questionnaire and methodology for this study was approved by the Human
Research Ethics committee of the University of D (Ethics approval number: ...).

Examples of statements to be used for a retrospective study:

• Ethical approval was waived by the local Ethics Committee of University A in view of
the retrospective nature of the study and all the procedures being performed were
part of the routine care.

• This research study was conducted retrospectively from data obtained for clinical
purposes. We consulted extensively with the IRB of XYZ who determined that our
study did not need ethical approval. An IRB official waiver of ethical approval was
granted from the IRB of XYZ.

• This retrospective chart review study involving human participants was in accordance
with the ethical standards of the institutional and national research committee and
with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical
standards. The Human Investigation Committee (IRB) of University B approved this
study.

Examples of statements to be used when no ethical approval is required/exemption

granted:

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5/9/22, 5:48 PM Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology | Submission guidelines

• This is an observational study. The XYZ Research Ethics Committee has confirmed
that no ethical approval is required.

• The data reproduced from Article X utilized human tissue that was procured via our
Biobank AB, which provides de-identified samples. This study was reviewed and
deemed exempt by our XYZ Institutional Review Board. The BioBank protocols are in
accordance with the ethical standards of our institution and with the 1964 Helsinki
declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.

Authors are responsible for correctness of the statements provided in the manuscript.
See also Authorship Principles. The Editor-in-Chief reserves the right to reject
submissions that do not meet the guidelines described in this section.

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Informed consent

All individuals have individual rights that are not to be infringed. Individual
participants in studies have, for example, the right to decide what happens to the
(identifiable) personal data gathered, to what they have said during a study or an
interview, as well as to any photograph that was taken. This is especially true
concerning images of vulnerable people (e.g. minors, patients, refugees, etc) or the
use of images in sensitive contexts. In many instances authors will need to secure
written consent before including images.

Identifying details (names, dates of birth, identity numbers, biometrical characteristics

(such as facial features, fingerprint, writing style, voice pattern, DNA or other
distinguishing characteristic) and other information) of the participants that were
studied should not be published in written descriptions, photographs, and genetic
profiles unless the information is essential for scholarly purposes and the participant
(or parent/guardian if the participant is a minor or incapable or legal representative)
gave written informed consent for publication. Complete anonymity is difficult to
achieve in some cases. Detailed descriptions of individual participants, whether of their
whole bodies or of body sections, may lead to disclosure of their identity. Under
certain circumstances consent is not required as long as information is anonymized
d h b i i d i l d i
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and the submission does not include images that may identify the person.

Informed consent for publication should be obtained if there is any doubt. For
example, masking the eye region in photographs of participants is inadequate
protection of anonymity. If identifying characteristics are altered to protect anonymity,
such as in genetic profiles, authors should provide assurance that alterations do not
distort meaning.

Exceptions where it is not necessary to obtain consent:

• Images such as x rays, laparoscopic images, ultrasound images, brain scans,

pathology slides unless there is a concern about identifying information in which case,
authors should ensure that consent is obtained.

• Reuse of images: If images are being reused from prior publications, the Publisher
will assume that the prior publication obtained the relevant information regarding
consent. Authors should provide the appropriate attribution for republished images.

Consent and already available data and/or biologic material

Regardless of whether material is collected from living or dead patients, they (family or
guardian if the deceased has not made a pre-mortem decision) must have given prior
written consent. The aspect of confidentiality as well as any wishes from the deceased
should be respected.

Data protection, confidentiality and privacy

When biological material is donated for or data is generated as part of a research

project authors should ensure, as part of the informed consent procedure, that the
participants are made aware what kind of (personal) data will be processed, how it will
be used and for what purpose. In case of data acquired via a biobank/biorepository, it
is possible they apply a broad consent which allows research participants to consent to
a broad range of uses of their data and samples which is regarded by research ethics
committees as specific enough to be considered “informed”. However, authors should
always check the specific biobank/biorepository policies or any other type of data
provider policies (in case of non-bio research) to be sure that this is the case.

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Consent to Participate

For all research involving human subjects, freely-given, informed consent to

participate in the study must be obtained from participants (or their parent or legal
guardian in the case of children under 16) and a statement to this effect should appear
in the manuscript. In the case of articles describing human transplantation studies,
authors must include a statement declaring that no organs/tissues were obtained from
prisoners and must also name the institution(s)/clinic(s)/department(s) via which
organs/tissues were obtained. For manuscripts reporting studies involving vulnerable
groups where there is the potential for coercion or where consent may not have been
fully informed, extra care will be taken by the editor and may be referred to the
Springer Nature Research Integrity Group.

Consent to Publish
Individuals may consent to participate in a study, but object to having their data
published in a journal article. Authors should make sure to also seek consent from
individuals to publish their data prior to submitting their paper to a journal. This is in
particular applicable to case studies. A consent to publish form can be found

here. (Download docx, 36 kB)

Summary of requirements

The above should be summarized in a statement and placed in a ‘Declarations’ section

before the reference list under a heading of ‘Consent to participate’ and/or ‘Consent
to publish’. Other declarations include Funding, Competing interests, Ethics approval,
Consent, Data and/or Code availability and Authors’ contribution statements.

Please see the various examples of wording below and revise/customize the sample
statements according to your own needs.

Sample statements for "Consent to participate":

Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

Informed consent was obtained from legal guardians.

Written informed consent was obtained from the parents.

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 Written informed consent was obtained
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from the parents.
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology | Submission guidelines

Verbal informed consent was obtained prior to the interview.

Sample statements for “Consent to publish”:

The authors affirm that human research participants provided informed consent for
publication of the images in Figure(s) 1a, 1b and 1c.

The participant has consented to the submission of the case report to the journal.

Patients signed informed consent regarding publishing their data and photographs.

Sample statements if identifying information about participants is available in the

article:

Additional informed consent was obtained from all individual participants for whom
identifying information is included in this article.

Authors are responsible for correctness of the statements provided in the manuscript.
See also Authorship Principles. The Editor-in-Chief reserves the right to reject
submissions that do not meet the guidelines described in this section.

Images will be removed from publication if authors have not obtained informed
consent or the paper may be removed and replaced with a notice explaining the
reason for removal.

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Open access publishing

To find out more about publishing your work Open Access in Applied Biochemistry and
Biotechnology, including information on fees, funding and licenses, visit our Open
access publishing page.
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