What is an ev(electric veichel)?

An EV is a shortened acronym for an electric vehicle. EVs are vehicles that are
either partially or fully powered on electric power.

Electric vehicles have low running costs as they have less moving parts for
maintaining and also very environmentally friendly as they use little or no fossil fuels
(petrol or diesel). While some EVs used lead acid or nickel metal hydride batteries,
the standard for modern battery electric vehicles is now considered to be lithium ion
batteries as they have a greater longevity and are excellent at retaining energy, with
a self discharge rate of just 5% per month. Despite this improved efficiency, there
are still challenges with these batteries as they can experience thermal runaway,
which have, for example, caused fires or explosions in the Tesla model S, although
efforts have been made to improve the safety of these batteries.

It can cost as little as £7.80 to fully charge an electric car from home and can even
be free in public car parks.

There are two main types of electric vehicles (EV); fully electric and plug-in hybrids:

Battery Electric Vehicles (BEV)

Compared to an internal combustion engine, battery powered electric vehicles have

approximately 99% fewer moving parts that need maintenance.

Advantages of a BEV:
  Creates very little noise
 No exhaust, spark plugs, clutch or gears
 Doesn't burn fossil fuels, instead uses rechargeable batteries

BEVs can be charged at home overnight, providing enough range for average
journeys. However, longer journeys or those that require a lot of hill climbs may
mean that the fuel cells require charging before you reach your destination, although
regenerative braking or driving downhill can help mitigate against this by charging
the battery packs.

The typical charging time for an electric car can range from 30 minutes and up to
more than 12 hours. This all depends on the speed of the charging station and the
size of the battery.

In the real world, range is one of the biggest concerns for electric vehicles, but is
something that is being addressed by industry.

Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEV)

Rather than relying solely on an electric motor, hybrid electric vehicles offer a
mixture of battery and petrol (or diesel) power. This makes them better for travelling
long distances as you can switch to traditional fuels rather than having to find charge
points to top up the battery.

Of course, the same disadvantages that apply to combustion engine vehicles also
apply to PHEVs, such as the need for more maintenance, engine noise, emissions
and the cost of petrol. PHEVs also have smaller battery packs, which means a
reduced range.

Battery technologies improve and costs drop

The cost of batteries for electric vehicles is falling markedly. Industry

reports show that sales-weighted battery pack prices in 2019 were
an average of USD 156 per kilowatt-hour, down from more than USD
1 100/kWh in 2010. The average battery pack size across electric
light-duty vehicles sold (including battery electric vehicles and plug-
in hybrid electric vehicles) continues an upwards trend; it is now 44
kWh, up from 37 kWh in 2018, and battery electric cars in most
countries are in the 50-70 kWh range. This increase is driven by two
trends: battery electric vehicle models with longer ranges are
becoming available and are increasingly in demand, and the share
of battery electric vehicles relative to plug-in hybrid electric vehicles
is rising.

The most common cathode chemistry used in electric vehicle Li-ion

batteries is NMC. The energy density of cells with NMC cathodes
increases with increasing nickel content. On these grounds, there
are reasons to believe that density is also continuing on an upward
trend. While Li-ion technology has made tremendous progress over
the past decade in terms of energy density, costs and cycle life,
room for improvement remains. Research is being conducted to
improve all three key components of Li-ion battery cells: cathodes,
anodes and electrolytes. In addition, recent developments in battery
design and thermal management aim primarily to cut the costs of
the pack and module components.

Battery capacity increases, pushing up demand for materials

The ongoing trend of increasing battery capacity is projected to

continue. By 2030, battery electric vehicles are assumed to reach an
average driving range of 350-400 km corresponding to battery sizes
of 70-80 kWh. In addition to battery size, another important variable
in projecting total battery capacity is the proportion of battery
electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles in overall
electric vehicle sales.

In the Stated Policies Scenario, global electric vehicle battery

capacity increases from around 170 GWh per year today to 1.5 TWh
per year in 2030. In the Sustainable Development Scenario, demand
of 3TWh is projected. Despite ambitious electrification in the
Sustainable Development Scenario, modes other than cars account
for only 11% of overall battery demand in 2030, highlighting the
centrality of electric cars in the battery market over the next
decade.

The demand for the materials used in electric vehicle batteries will
depend on changing battery chemistries, nickel cobalt aluminium
oxide (NCA), nickel manganese cobalt oxide (NMC) and lithium iron
phosphate (LFP) cathodes for lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries being the
most widely used today.

The estimated material demand for the batteries of the electric

vehicles sold in 2019 was about 19 kt for cobalt, 17 kt for lithium, 22
kt for manganese and 65 kt for nickel. For battery needs in the
Stated Policies Scenario, cobalt demand expands to about 180
kt/year in 2030, lithium to around 185 kt/year, manganese to 177
kt/year and class I nickel to 925 kt/year. In the Sustainable
Development Scenario, higher electric vehicle uptake leads to 2030
material demand values more than twice as high as the Stated
Policies Scenario.
Registered EV sales in India in 2020
dropped by 26% on yoy basis
The past year brought in a major shift in the course and dynamics of global markets. The e-
mobility or the electric vehicle (EV) domain, just as any other industry, was vastly influenced
by the effects of the global pandemic. Different YOY trends depicting the wavering track of
EV sales is briefed hereafter.

The overall registered EV sales Pan-India in 2020 dropped by 26% from 2019 sales. The year
2019 continues to be landmark year for highest annual sales for registered EVs yet,
achieving the 1,60,000+ milestone.

Prior to Covid-19, the market growth had been on a decline for about 12-18 months, on
account of weakening demand amidst an ailing economy. Furthermore, the EV sales was
severely hampered during April-May 2020 on account of covid-induced lockdown. However,
with EV sales resurging beyond May-2020 at an average month-on-month growth rate of
nearly 70%, the year 2020 saw sales crossing the 1,00,000 mark.

Figure 1: Registered EV Sales trends in India

Note: Sales figure represent EVs registered across 1,269 RTOs in 33 states/ UTs
The sales growth of High Speed (Registered) E2W Sales shrunk to 11% in 2020 relative to
sales in 2019. Hero Electric, along with Okinawa, Ampere, Ather have been the leading
players in the high speed (HS) electric two wheeler (E2W) segment in the past 4 years. Hero
Electric is the leading player with maximum HS E2W sales in 2020. Ampere also showed
substantial increase in its sales in 2020 with an annual increase of 277%. Revolt Motors
which launched in late 2019 itself has also seen significant surge in its sales from mere 480
units in 2019 to 2,088 units in 2020.

Figure 2: Annual High Speed (Registered) E2W Sales

Note: Sales figure are for only high range E2W models with speed higher than 25kmph.
Sales figure represent E2Ws registered across 1,268 RTOs in 33 states/ UTs.
Assumption: Sales of top players- Hero Electric, Okinawa, Ampere, Ather and Revolt together
constitute 90% share of the total HS E2W market.
Sales of registered electric three wheelers (E3Ws) decreased by 33% in 2020 compared to
2019 sales. Interestingly, the share of Cargo (Goods) type E3Ws out of the total E3Ws has
risen from 3% in 2019 to 6% in 2020.

All about electric veichels

Transport is a fundamental requirement of modern life, but the traditional combustion engine
is quickly becoming outdated. Petrol or diesel vehicles are highly polluting and are being
quickly replaced by fully electric vehicles. Fully electric vehicles (EV) have zero tailpipe
emissions and are much better for the environment. The electric vehicle revolution is here,
and you can be part of it. Will your next vehicle be an electric one?

Lower running costs

The running cost of an electric vehicle is much lower than an equivalent petrol or
diesel vehicle. Electric vehicles use electricity to charge their batteries instead of
using fossil fuels like petrol or diesel. Electric vehicles are more efficient, and that
combined with the electricity cost means that charging an electric vehicle is cheaper
than filling petrol or diesel for your travel requirements. Using renewable energy
sources can make the use of electric vehicles more eco-friendly. The electricity cost
can be reduced further if charging is done with the help of renewable energy sources
installed at home, such as solar panels

Low maintenance cost

Electric vehicles have very low maintenance costs because they don’t have as many
moving parts as an internal combustion vehicle. The servicing requirements for
electric vehicles are lesser than the conventional petrol or diesel vehicles. Therefore,
the yearly cost of running an electric vehicle is significantly low.
Zero Tailpipe Emissions

Driving an electric vehicle can help you reduce your carbon footprint because there
will be zero tailpipe emissions. You can reduce the environmental impact of charging
your vehicle further by choosing renewable energy options for home electricity.
Tax and financial benefits

Registration fees and road tax on purchasing electric vehicles are lesser than petrol
or diesel vehicles. There are multiple policies and incentives offered by the
government depending on which state you are in. To find out more about electric
vehicle incentives.

Petrol and diesel use is destroying our planet

The availability of fossil fuels is limited, and their use is destroying our planet. Toxic
emissions from petrol and diesel vehicles lead to long-term, adverse effects on
public health. The emissions impact of electric vehicles is much lower than petrol or
diesel vehicles. From an efficiency perspective, electric vehicles can covert around
60% of the electrical energy from the grid to power the wheels, but petrol or diesel
cars can only convert 17%-21% of the energy stored in the fuel to the wheels. That is
a waste of around 80%. Fully electric vehicles have zero tailpipe emissions, but even
when electricity production is taken into account, petrol or diesel vehicles emit almost
3 times more carbon dioxide than the average EV. To reduce the impact of charging
electric vehicles, India is ambitious to achieve about 40 percent cumulative electric
power installed capacity from non-fossil fuel-based energy resources by the year
2030. Therefore, electric vehicles are the way forward for Indian transport, and we
must switch to them now.

Electric Vehicles are easy to drive and quiet

Electric vehicles don’t have gears and are very convenient to drive. There are no
complicated controls, just accelerate, brake, and steer. When you want to charge
your vehicle, just plug it in to a home or public charger. Electric vehicles are also
quiet, so they reduce noise pollution that traditional vehicles contribute to.
Convenience of charging at home

Imagine being at a busy fuel station during peak hours, and you are getting late to
reach your workplace. These problems can easily be overcome with an electric
vehicle. Simply plug your vehicle in at your home charger for 4-5 hours before you
plan to go. If you are able to get a charger where you park at home, it is very
convenient to plan your journeys in advance. What if you forget to plug in your
machine someday? Then you can easily take the help of fast chargers or even
battery swapping services if you are on a two-wheeler on the road

No noise pollution

Electric vehicles have the silent functioning capability as there is no engine under the
hood. No engine means no noise. The electric motor functions so silently that you
need to peek into your instrument panel to check if it is ON. Electric vehicles are so
silent that manufacturers have to add false sounds in order to make them safe for
pedestrians.