Tutorial 3 Physics-1 (15B11PH111)

ODD2024 (2024-2025)
Q1. [CO1]
(a) What is the purpose of a half-silvered mirror in Michelson Interferometer?
(b) Write down the conditions of getting circular, straight and curved fringes in Michelson
Interferometer.
(c) How will you differentiate the circular fringe pattern formed in Newton’s ring and Michelson
Interferometer?
(d) Write some applications of Michelson Interferometer.
(e) What is the difference between Fraunhofer and Fresnel diffraction?
(f) Which wavefront of light is more suitable for observing single slit diffraction pattern?
Q2. [CO2]
(a) Show that in Michelson Interferometer fringes collapse at centre as the spacing between the
mirror M1 and image of mirror M2 (i.e. d) decreases.
(b) Show that in single slit diffraction pattern, the intensity of third order secondary maxima (I3) is
0.83 % of principal maxima intensity (I0).
(c) A single slit is illuminated by light composed of two wavelengths λ1 and λ2. One observes that
due to Fraunhofer diffraction the first minima obtained for λ1 coincides with the third diffraction
minima of λ2. What is the relation between λ1 and λ2?
Q3. [CO3]
(a) A light having two closely spaced wavelengths of 5000Å and 5005Å is incident of Michelson
interferometer. Through what distance a mirror should be moved between two successive
appearances of fringes. [Ans: 2.5 x 10-4 m]
(b) In one arm of a Michelson interferometer, a glass chamber is placed with attachments for
evacuating the inside and putting gases in it. The space inside the container is 2 cm wide.
Initially, the container is empty. As gas is slowly let into the chamber, you observe that dark
fringes move past a reference line in the field of observation. By the time the chamber is filled
to the desired pressure, you have counted 122 fringes move past the reference line. The
wavelength of the light used is 632.8 nm. What is the refractive index of this gas? [ANS: µ =
1.0019].
(c) Visible light of wavelength 550 nm falls on a single slit and produces its second diffraction
minimum at an angle of 45.0º relative to the incident direction of the light. Determine the slit
width and the angle at which first minimum occurs. [ANS: d = 1.56 µm; 20.7º].
(d) Suppose that in Young’s experiment, slits of width 0.020 mm are separated by 0.20 mm. If the
slits are illuminated by monochromatic light of wavelength 500 nm, how many bright fringes
are observed in the central peak of the diffraction pattern? [ANS: 19].
(e) A single slit of width 10µm is illuminated by light of wavelength 100 nm. What is the width of
central maxima and second maximum, if the distance of screen from slit is 50 cm? [ANS:
10mm, 5mm].
(f) In a double slit setup, the width of the transparent part is 0.02 cm and the opaque part is
0.04cm. The two slits are illuminated by a monochromatic source of λ = 6 x10-5 cm. The
distance of slits to the screen is 10 cm. Then (i) calculate the positions of maxima inside the
first diffraction minima and (ii) find the missing orders of spectra. [ANS: (i) 0.01cm, 0.02cm;
(ii) 3, 6, 9, 12….. will be missing order].
 Extra Practice questions
[C01]

Q1. If a door to an adjoining room is slightly open, why is that you can hear sounds from the
room but cannot see much of what is happening in the room?
[C02]
Q1. Find the ratio of the intensities of the first and second secondary maxima to that of the
central maximum for the single-slit Fraunhofer diffraction pattern. [ANS: 25:4]
Q2. If the wavelength of light incident on the single slit is one seventh of the width of the slit,
how many minimas and maximas will we see on the screen? [ANS: 14 & 13 respectively]
Q3. Draw the intensity pattern for a double slit experiment in which distance between slits is four
times the width of the slit.
[C03]
Q1. In Michelson interferometer arrangement, if one of the mirrors is moved by a distance of
0.01 mm, 100 fringes cross the field of view. Calculate the wavelength of light used.
[ANS: 0.01 mm]

Q2. Calculate the distance between successive positions of the movable mirror of Michelson’s
interferometer, giving distinct fringes in case of sodium source having D1 and D2 lines
(λ1= 5890 Å, λ2 = 5896 Å). [ANS: 0.289 mm]
Q3. A light of wavelength 5000 Å falls on slit 0.1mm wide. Compute the locations of the first
minimum and the first maximum on the screen 100 cm away from the slit. [ANS: 5mm,
7.5mm].
Q4. A light consisting of two wavelengths λ1 and λ2 falls normally on a slit of width b. The first
minima of light of wavelength λ1 falls on first maximum of light of wavelength λ2. Find the
relationship between λ1 and λ2. [ANS: λ1 = (3 λ2)/2].
 Tutori -3 Soluit
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 Tutorial-4 Physics-1 (15B11PH111)
Session: 2024-25

CO1 (Remembering)
1. Explain the followings:
a. Grating element
b. Negative and positive crystals
c. Brewster’s angle
d. Brewster’s law
e. Malus law

2. What is double refraction?

CO2 (Understanding)
3. Why is the grating preferred over single or double slit system to observe the diffraction pattern?

4. What are missing orders in 2-slit diffraction? Why do these missing diffraction orders are observed?
CO3 (Analysing)
5. Diffraction gratings with 10,000 lines per cm are readily available. Suppose you have one, and you
send a beam of white light through it to a screen which is 2 m away from the grating. Find the:
a. Angles for the first-order diffraction correspond to the shortest and longest wavelengths of visible
light (380 and 760 nm, respectively). [Ans: θV= 22.33°, θR= 49.46°]
b. Distance between the ends of the rainbow of visible light obtained on the screen for first order
diffraction. [Ans: 1.52 m]

6. What should be the minimum number of lines per cm in a 2.5 cm wide grating which will just resolve
two emission sodium lines (5890 Å and 5896 Å) in the first order diffraction? [Ans: 392]

7. Determine the angle of refraction and polarization angle of the polarizer if the refractive index of the
polarizer is 1.73. [Ans: θP = 60°, θR = 30°]

8. An unpolarized beam of light is passed through a set of two plane polarizers, placed back-to-back.
What should be the relative orientation of their transmission axes so that the beam exiting from the
second polarizer has irradiance of (i) I0/2 and (ii) I0/4? [Ans: 0°, 45°]
CO4 (Applying)
9. Draw the intensity pattern for a 4-slit diffraction pattern in which separation between slits is three
times the width of the slit.

10. Two linear polarizers are kept in such a way that their transmission axes are at right angle to each
other. What should be the orientation of the transmission axis third polarizer so that the if an
unpolarized is passed through first polarizer, the intensity of exiting beam is I0/8? [Ans: 45°]
Extra Problems
11. Find the number of slits per cm for monochromatic light of the wavelength of 600 nm, which strikes
a grating and produces the fourth-order bright line at a 30° angle. [CO3] [Ans: 2080]

12. A plane transmission grating has 40000 lines and (e+d) = 12.5 x 10−5 cm. Calculate the maximum
resolving power, if the wavelength of light used is 5000 Å. [CO3] [Ans: 8000]

13. A diffraction grating used at normal incidence gives a yellow line (λ=6000 Å) in a certain spectral
order superimposed on a blue line (λ=4800 Å) of next higher order. If the angle of diffraction is
𝑠𝑖𝑛−1(3/4). Calculate the grating element. [CO3] [Ans: 3.2 µm]

14. Light incident at polarizing angle θP on a water surface (n=1.33). It

further refracted into the water medium and strikes a submerged glass
slab (n=1.50) as shown in Figure. If the light reflected from the upper
surface of the slab is completely polarized, then determine angle (θ)
between the water surface and the glass slab.
[CO4] [Ans: 11.5°]
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 B. Tech. First Semester (2024-25)
Physics – 1(15B11PH111), Tutorial Sheet – 5
Assignment 3: Briefly discuss the construction and working of bi-quartz polarimeter.
-5
1. Calculate the thickness of a half wave plate of quartz for  = 6 x 10 cm? Given e = 1.553, o = 1.544.
Also calculate the thickness of quarter wave plate. [CO2]
2. A plate of thickness 0.020 mm is cut from calcite with optic axis parallel to the face. Given o = 1.648
and e = 1.481, find out those wavelengths in the range 400 to 780 nm for which the plate behaves as
a HWP and for which the plate behaves as a QWP. [CO2]
3. A QWP has thickness of 0.002 cm. It is cut with faces parallel to optic axis, e = 1.592, o = 1.586.
Monochromatic light incident normally on the plate emerges as (i) LCP light, (ii) RCP light. Determine
the wavelengths of light in each case assuming that there is no variation of refractive indices with
wavelength. [CO3]
4. A transparent plate is given. Using two Nicol prisms how would you find whether the given plate is
QWP, HWP or simple glass plate. [CO2]
5. A quartz plate cut perpendicular to the optic axis is to be used to rotate the plane of polarized light
through an angle of 900. If the light to be used is the green light of wavelength 5461 Å, find its
thickness. [CO3]
0
6. If 20 cm length of a certain solution causes right handed rotation of 42 and 30 cm length of another
solution causes left handed rotation of 270 . What optical rotation will be caused by 30 cm length of a
mixture of the above solutions in the volume ratio 1 : 2. The solutions are not chemically active.[CO4]
7. Plane polarized light passes through a quartz plate with its optic axis parallel to the refracting faces.
Calculate the least thickness of the plate for which the emergent beam will be plane polarized, given
μ0 = 1.5442, μe = 1.5533 for λ = 5893 Å [CO3]
8. A sample of sugar is mixed with small amount of NaCl. The impure sugar weighing 80 gm is dissolved
in a litre of water. The solution gives an optical rotation of 9.9° when polarimeter tube of length 20 cm
is used. If the specific rotation of pure sugar solution is 66° dm-1 (gm/cc)-1. Find the percentage purity
of the sugar sample. [CO3]
Additional Questions [CO4]
1. A QWP is rotated between two crossed polaroids. If an unpolarized beam is incident on the first
polaroids, discuss the variation of intensity of the emergent beam as the QWP is rotated. What will
happen if we have a half wave instead of a QWP.
2. In figure below, suppose that the transmission axes of the left (P1) and right (P3) polarizing disks
are perpendicular to each other, also, let center disk be rotated on the common axis with an
angular speed ω. Show that if unpolarized light is incident on the left disk with intensity, the
I max
intensity of the beam emerging from right disk is I = 16 (1 − cos 4 t )
3. Consider a linearly polarized beam propagating in + z direction incident normally on a calcite or quartz
crystal whose optic axis is along the direction and the oscillating electric field is assumed to make an
angle φ with y axis as shown in the figure below, here φ = 45˚. Find the value of the thickness (d) for
which it will act as a QWP or as a HWP.

Fig. of Q. 2
Fig. of Q. 3
 B. Tech. First Semester (2024-25)
Physics – 1(15B11PH111), Tutorial Sheet – 5