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Chapter 16 Short 1 Class 11

The document contains a series of short answer questions related to probability and events, including experiments with dice, cards, and employee reporting times. Each question outlines specific events and their corresponding sample spaces, probabilities, and calculations. The document serves as a practice set for understanding basic probability concepts and calculations.

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6 views

Chapter 16 Short 1 Class 11

The document contains a series of short answer questions related to probability and events, including experiments with dice, cards, and employee reporting times. Each question outlines specific events and their corresponding sample spaces, probabilities, and calculations. The document serves as a practice set for understanding basic probability concepts and calculations.

Uploaded by

bhavishyasharmaa27
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Short Answer Type Questions

Q. 1. In an experiment of rolling a fair die, let A, B and C be three events defined


as–
A: a number which is a perfect square.
B: a prime number.
C: a number which is greater than 5.
Sol. When we roll a fair die, sample space S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
A = {1, 4}, B {2, 3} and C = {5, 6}
Since A ∩ B = 𝜙, B ∩ C = 𝜙, C ∩ A = 𝜙, A ∩ B ∩ C = 𝜙
∴ A, B, C are exhaustive events.
Q. 2. 1 boy and 2 girls are in a room A and 3 boys and 1 girl are in room B. Write
the sample space for the experiment in which room is selected and then a person.
Sol. Let B1, G1, G2 are in room A and B2, B3, B4, G3 are in room B. Then sample space
is–
S = {AB1, AG1, AG2, BB2, BB3, BB4, BG3}.
Q. 3. One ticket is drawn at random from a box containing 30 tickets numbered 1
to 30. Represent the sample space and also write the sample space of drawing a
ticket containing number which is a multiple of 4.
Sol. The sample space S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5,…., 30}
Let E be the event of getting a ticket whose number is a multiple of 4.
∴ E = {4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28}.
Q. 4. From a group of 2 boys and 3 girls, two children are selected. Find the
sample space of this experiment.
Sol. Let B1, B2 be the boys and G1, G2, G3 be the girls then, the sample space is–
S = {B1, B2, B1 G1, B1 G2, B1 G3, B2 G1, B2 G2, B2 G3, G1 G2, G1 G3, G2 G3}
Q. 5. Consider the experiment of rolling a die. Let A be the event ‘getting a prime
number’ and B be the event’ getting an odd number’. Write the sets representing
the events.
(i) A and B, (ii) A or B, (iii) A but not B, (iv) not A.
Sol. When we roll a die, the sample space is–
S = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}.
Also, A = {2, 2, 5} and B = {1, 3, 5}
(i) A and B = A ∩ B = {3, 5}
(ii) A or B = A ∪ B = {1, 2, 3, 5}
(iii) A but not B = A – B = {2}
(iv) not A = S – A = {1, 4, 6}.
Q. 6. An experiment involves tossing of two coins and recording then in the
following events
A: no tail
B: exactly one fail
C: at least one tail.
Write the sets representing events (i) A and C (ii) A but Not B.
Sol. When we toss two coins, the sample space is–
S = {HH, HT, TH, TT}.
A = {HH}, B = {HT, TH}, C = {HT, TH, TT}
(i) A and C = A ∩ C = 𝜙
(ii) A but not B = A – B = {HH}
Q. 7. Let A and B be two events such that 𝒑(A) = 0.3 and P(A ∪ B) = 0.8, find P(B) if
P(A ∩ B) = P (A). P (B).
[HHE]
Sol. Given, P(A) = 0.3, P(A ∪ B) = 0.8, P(B) ⇒
We know–
P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(b) – P (A ∩ B)
⇒ P(A ∪ B) = 0.3 + P(B) – P(A). P(B)
⇒ 0.8 = 0.3 + P(B) – 0.3 P(B)
⇒ 0.7 P(B) = 0.5
5
⇒ P(B) = 7

Q. 8. Three identical dice are rolled. Find the probability that the same number
appear on each of them.
Sol. Since three identical dice are rolled, so number of elements in the sample space S
is–
𝑛(S) = 63 = 216
Let E be the event of getting same number on each of them i.e., E = {(1, 1, 1), (2, 2, 2),
(3, 3, 3), (4, 4, 4), (5, 5, 5), (6, 6, 6)}
⇒ 𝑛(E) = 6
𝑛(𝐸) 6 1
∴ 𝑝(E) = = =
𝑛(𝑆) 216 36

∴ The probability that the same number appears on all the three dice is 1/36.
Q. 9. Suppose an integers from 1 to 1000 is chosen at random, find the probability
that the integers is a multiple of 2 or a multiple of 9.
[Exemplar]
Sol. Let A be the event of getting a number multiple of 2 and B be the event of getting a
number multiple of 9.
Also, 𝑛(S) = 1000, since ‘S’ the sample space contains 1000 points
𝑛(A) = 500, 𝑛(B) = 111, 𝑛(A ∩ B) = 55
We know,
𝑛(A ∪ B) = 𝑛(A) + 𝑛(B) – 𝑛(A ∩ B)
= 500 + 111 – 55
= 500 + 56
= 556
𝑛(𝐴 ∪ 𝐵) 556
∴ 𝑝(A ∪ B) = = = 0.556
𝑛(𝑆) 1,000

Thus, the probability of getting a multiple of 2 or 9 is 0.556.


𝑛(𝐴)
Or, 𝑃(𝐴) = = 0.5,
𝑛(𝑆)

𝑛(𝐵)
𝑝(𝐵) = = 0.111,
𝑛(𝑆)

P(A ∩ B) = 0.055

∴ P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A ∩ B)


= 0.5 + 0.111 – 0.055
= 0.556
Q. 10. Reporting time of an employee is given below:
Day Mon Tue Wed Thus Fri Sat
Time (a. m.) 10:35 10:20 10:22 10:27 10:25 10:40
If the reporting time is 10:30 a.m., then find the probability of his coming late.
[DDE]
Sol. Let ‘S’ be the sample space and ‘E’ be the event that the employee is coming late.
∴ 𝑛(S) = 6
E = {10: 35, 10:40} ∴ 𝑛(E) = 2
𝑛(𝐹) 2 1
∴ 𝑃(𝐸) = = =
𝑛(𝑆) 6 3

This, the probability of the employee coming late is 1/3.


Q. 11. If E1, E2, E3 are three mutually exclusive event and exhaustive events of an
experiment such that–
2P(E1) = 3P(E2) = P(E3), then find P(E1).
Sol. Since E1, E2, E3 are mutually exclusive and exhaustive events, so E1 ∩ E2 = 𝜙, E2
∩ E3 = ϕ, E1 ∩ E3 = ϕ, E1 ∩ E2 ∩ E3 = ϕ and E1 ∪ E2 ∪ E3 = S
∴ p(E1 ∪ E2 ∪ E3) = E1 ∩ E2 ∩ E3 = ϕ p(E1) + p(E2) + p(E3)
2
⇒ P(S) = P(E1 ) + P(E1 ) + 2P(F1 )
3
8
⇒ 1 = P(F1 ) + P(F1 )
3
11
⇒ P(E1 ) = 1
3
3
⇒ P(E1) = 11

Q. 12. If A and B are mutually exclusive events of an experiment. If P (not A) =


0.65, P(A ∪ B) = 0.65 and P(B) = P, then find the value of P.
Sol. Given, P(not A) = 0.65
⇒ 1 – P(A) = 0.65
⇒ P(A) = 0.35
P(A ∪ B) = 0.65, 𝑝(B) = 𝑝.
Since A, B are mutually exclusive, so–
P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B)
⇒ 0.65 = 0.35 + P
⇒ P = 0.30
Q. 13. The probability that atleast one of the events A and B occurs is 0.7. If A and
B occurs simultaneously with probability 0.35, then find, 𝑷(𝑨) + 𝑷(𝑩)
Sol. Given, P(A ∪ B) = 0.7, 𝑝(A ∩ B) = 0.35
We know–
P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A ∩ B)
⇒ P(A) + P(B) = P(A ∪ B) + P(A ∩ B)
= 1.05
Now,

𝑃(𝐴) + 𝑃(𝐵) = 1 − 𝑃(𝐴) + 1 − 𝑃(𝐵)


= 2 – {P(A) + P(B)}
= 2 – 1.05
= 0.95
𝟏 𝟐
Q. 14. If A and B are two events having P(A ∪ B) = 𝟐 and P (𝑨) = 𝟑, find P(B ∩ 𝑨
[DDE]
1 2
Sol. Given, P(A ∪ B) = 2, P (𝐴) = 3
2 1
⇒ 𝑃(𝐴) = 1 − =
3 3

We know–
.
P(A ∪ 𝐵) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A ∩ B)
1 1
⇒ = + 𝑃(𝐵 ∩ 𝐴)
2 3
1 1
⇒ P(B ∩ 𝐴) = 2 − 3
1
⇒ P(B ∩ 𝐴) = 6

Q. 15. Two dice are tossed together. Find the Probability of getting a doublet or
total of 6.
Sol. Let ‘S’ be the sample space. So, 𝑛(S) = 62 = 36.
Also, Let ‘A’ and ‘B’ be the events of getting a doublet and a total of 6 respectively.
∴ A = {(1, 1), (2, 2), (3, 3), (4, 4), (5, 5), (6, 6)}
⇒ n(A) = 6, 𝑛(B) = 5 B = (1, 5), (2, 4), (3, 3), (4, 2), (5, 1)

𝑛(𝐴) 6 𝑛(𝐵) 5
∴ 𝑝(𝐴) = = , 𝑃(𝐵) = =
𝑛(𝑆) 36 𝑛(𝑆) 36

A ∩ B = {(3, 3)} ⇒ 𝑛(A ∩ B) = 1


𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) 1
⇒ P(A ∩ B) = =
𝑛(𝑆) 36

We know–
P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A ∩ B)
6 5 1
= + −
36 36 36
10
= 36
5
= 18

Q. 16. A card is drawn at random from a well–shuffled pack of 52 words. Find the
probability that it is either a king or a spade. [DDE]
Sol. Let ‘S’ be the sample space So, 𝑛(S) = 52.
Also, let ‘A’ and ‘B’ be the event of getting a king and a spade respectively.
∴ 𝑛(A) = 4, 𝑛(B) = 13 and 𝑛(A ∩ B) = 1
[∵ there is only one card]
Which is king of space
𝑛(𝐴) 4 1
⇒ 𝑃(𝐴) = = =
𝑛(𝑆) 52 13

𝑛(𝐵) 13 1
𝑃(𝐵) = = =
𝑛(𝑆) 52 4

𝑛(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) 1
𝑃(𝐴 ∩ 𝐵) = =
𝑛(𝑆) 52

We know–
P(A ∪ B) = P(A) + P(B) – P(A ∩ B)
1 1 1
= + −
13 4 52
17 1
= −
52 52
16
= 52
4
= 13
4
∴ Required probability that the card is king or a spade is 13.

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