Centre Candidate

Surname
Number Number
Other Names 0

GCSE
4503/02 S16-4503-02
PHYSICS

PHYSICS 3
HIGHER TIER

P.M. WEDNESDAY, 25 May 2016

1 hour

For Examiner’s use only

Maximum Mark
Question
Mark Awarded
1. 14

020 0 01
4503
2. 10
3. 9
4. 13
5. 14
Total 60

ADDITIONAL MATERIALS
In addition to this paper you may require a calculator and a ruler.

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES
Use black ink or black ball-point pen.
Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the spaces at the top of this page.
Answer all questions.
Write your answers in the spaces provided in this booklet.

INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES

The number of marks is given in brackets at the end of each question or part-question.
You are reminded of the necessity for good English and orderly presentation in your answers.
A list of equations is printed on page 2. In calculations you should show all your working.
You are reminded that assessment will take into account the quality of written communication (QWC)
used in your answer to question 2(a)(ii) and 5(b).

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Equation

V1 = voltage on the primary coil

V2 = voltage on the secondary coil V1 N1
=
N1 = number of turns on the primary coil V2 N2
N2 = number of turns on the secondary coil

power = voltage × current P = VI

distance
speed =
time

u = initial velocity v = u + at
v = final velocity
t = time v = u2 + 2ax
2

a = acceleration x = ut + 12 at2
x = displacement x = 12 (u + v)t

momentum = mass × velocity p = mv

mass × speed2
kinetic energy = KE = 12 mv2
2

force F
pressure = area p=
A

T / K = θ / °C + 273

p = pressure pV
V = volume T = constant
T = kelvin temperature

mass m
density = volume ρ= V

E = mc2

SI multipliers

Prefix Multiplier Prefix Multiplier

p 10 –12 k 103
n 10 –9 M 10 6
µ 10 –6 G 10 9
m 10 –3 T 1012
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Answer all questions.

1. (a) State how the construction of a step-up transformer is different from a step-down
transformer. [1]

The diagram shows a transformer that can be used for an investigation in a laboratory.

soft iron core

secondary coil
primary coil

8 V~ Output voltage

020003
4503
(b) Put a tick (√) in the boxes next to the statements that would cause the output voltage to
increase. [2]

Increasing the number of turns on the primary coil

Decreasing the number of turns on the primary coil

Decreasing the input voltage

Increasing the number of turns on the secondary coil

Decreasing the number of turns on the secondary coil

(c) Explain why there must be an alternating input voltage for the transformer to work. [2]

© WJEC CBAC Ltd. (4503-02) Turn over.

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Examiner
(d) An investigation is carried out to determine how the output voltage depends on the number only
of turns on the secondary coil. The input voltage (8 V) and the number of turns on the
primary coil (200) are kept constant throughout the investigation.
The results of the investigation are recorded in the table below.

Input voltage (V) Primary turns Secondary turns Output voltage (V)

8 200 50 2

8 200 4
......................

8 200 150 6

8 200 200 8

8 200 300 12

(i) Complete the table. [1]

(ii) Plot a graph of the output voltage against the number of secondary turns on the grid
below and draw a suitable line. [3]

Output voltage (V)

12

10

0
0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350
Number of secondary turns
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(iii) Describe the relationship between the output voltage and the number of secondary
turns. [2]

(iv) Use the graph to find the number of secondary turns required to give an output
voltage of 5 V. [1]

number of turns = . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

(v) Explain how the graph would be different if the investigation were repeated with a
primary coil containing 400 turns. [2]

14

020005
4503

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Examiner
2. (a) The diagrams below are drawings made by a student investigating how light rays pass only
through a semi-circular glass block.

Diagram A Diagram B Diagram C

(i) Label the critical angle (c) on the appropriate diagram above. [1]

(ii) Describe and explain the observations shown in the drawings as fully as you can.
[6 QWC]
You should:
• describe what happens to the light ray in each of the diagrams above;
• explain why the light ray follows the path shown in each diagram.

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(b) Complete the diagram below to show how the light entering at A travels along the optical
fibre. [3]

020 0 07
4503
10

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3. (a) (i) Explain why our Sun remains the same size in the main sequence stage of its life.
[2]

(ii) Name, in order, the next two stages in the life of our Sun. [2]

………..........................................................................………. and … … … . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . … … … .

(iii) Complete the nuclear equation below which shows the nuclear fusion reaction
occurring in the Sun. [2]
1
.......
1
H → 42 He + .......
0
1
e

(b) Each second, the Sun produces 3.9 × 1026 J of energy in the form of electromagnetic
radiation. Use an equation from page 2 to calculate the mass loss of the Sun per second.
(Speed of light, c = 3 × 108 m/s) [3]

mass loss = … … … . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . … … … . kg

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4. A football of mass 0.3 kg is dropped from rest off a bridge and takes 2.8 seconds to reach the
ground below.

The diagram is not drawn to scale

Use equations from page 2 to answer the questions below.

Assume the acceleration due to gravity = 10 m/s2 and that air resistance is negligible.

(a) Calculate the height of the bridge. [2]

height = … … … . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . … … … . m

(b) Calculate the momentum of the ball just before it hits the ground. [3]

momentum = … … … . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . … … … . kg m/s

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(c) The ball rebounds from the ground with a speed of 14 m/s.

(i) Calculate the kinetic energy of the football as it leaves the ground. [2]

kinetic energy = … … … . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . … … … . J

(ii) Calculate the change in momentum of the ball due to the bounce. [2]

change in momentum = … … … . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . … … … . kg m/s

(iii) Explain how momentum is conserved when the ball rebounds from the Earth. [2]

(d) Describe how Newton’s third law of motion applies when the ball hits the ground. [2]

13

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5. Dan is on holiday in Denver USA. He packs a sealed plastic water bottle containing only air in
his luggage. When he arrives home in Cardiff he notices that the water bottle appears crushed.
He works out the volume of the bottle in both Denver and Cardiff.

The table below shows his results together with other relevant information.

Volume of bottle in Denver 5.0 × 10 – 4 m3

Volume of bottle in Cardiff 3.8 × 10 – 4 m3

Temperature in Cardiff 293 K

Temperature in Denver 293 K

Altitude of Cardiff 0 metres

The graph shows how atmospheric pressure changes with altitude (height above sea level).

Atmospheric pressure (kPa)

120

100

80

60

40

20

0
0 500 1 000 1 500 2 000 2 500 3 000
Altitude (m)

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(a) (i) Use the graph to write down the air pressure in Cardiff in Pa. [1]

pressure = … … … . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . … … … . Pa

(ii) Use the information opposite together with equations from page 2 to answer the
following questions.

(I) Calculate the atmospheric pressure in Denver and use your answer to find
the altitude of Denver. [4]

atmospheric pressure = … … … . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . … … … .

altitude = … … … . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . … … … . m

(II) Calculate the temperature required for the bottle in Cardiff to have the same
volume as in Denver. Give your answer in °C. [3]

temperature = … … … . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . … … … . °C

TURN OVER FOR THE LAST

PART OF THE QUESTION

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(b) Explain, in terms of the motion of molecules, how the behaviour of gases leads to the idea
of absolute zero and an absolute scale of temperature. [6 QWC]

14
END OF PAPER

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